Quiz 8 Flashcards
Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
1 disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.
2 abnormally high blood glucose level.
3 mass excretion of glucose by the kidneys.
4 lack of insulin production in the pancreas.
1
Type 1 diabetes:
1 is typically treated with medications such as metformin (Glucophage).
2 is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.
3 typically occurs in patients between 50 and 70 years of age.
4 is defined as a blood sugar level that is less than 120 mg/dL.
2
Glipizide, a non–insulin-type medication, is another name for:
1 Glucophage.
2 Glucotrol.
3 Micronase.
4 Diabinese.
2
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
1 Most cells will function normally without glucose.
2 Blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin.
3 The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.
4 The brain does not require insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells.
3
A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days’ duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient’s condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:
1 severe insulin shock.
2 acidosis and dehydration.
3 complete renal failure.
4 hypoxia and overhydration.
2
Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
1 warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia; and rapid respirations.
2 cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.
3 warm, dry skin; hunger; abdominal pain; and deep, slow respirations.
4 cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger; and deep, rapid respirations.
2
Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:
1 sunken eyes.
2 hyperactivity.
3 warm, dry skin.
4 combativeness.
4
In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:
1 is rapidly reversible if oral glucose is given.
2 commonly results in excess water retention.
3 can only be corrected in the hospital setting.
4 is a rapidly developing metabolic disturbance.
3
A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:
1 hypoglycemia.
2 an acute stroke.
3 hyperglycemia.
4 a heart attack.
4
You respond to a residence for a patient who is “not acting right.” As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:
1 calm him down so you can assess him.
2 be assertive and talk the patient down.
3 contact medical control for instructions.
4 retreat at once and call law enforcement.
4
To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?
1 an unconscious 33-year-old male with cool, clammy skin
2 a conscious 37-year-old female with nausea and vomiting
3 a semiconscious 40-year-old female without a gag reflex
4 a confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor
4
Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
1 assessing the patient’s mental status.
2 ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.
3 checking the medication’s expiration date.
4 requesting permission from medical control.
2
Hemoglobin is:
1 the fluid portion of the blood that transports cells throughout the body.
2 essential for the formation of clots, such as when vessel damage occurs.
3 found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.
4 found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.
3
Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?
1 Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that causes the blood to clot too quickly.
2 In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.
3 The red blood cells of patients with sickle cell disease are round and contain hemoglobin A.
4 Because of their abnormal shape, red blood cells in patients with sickle cell disease are less apt to lodge in a blood vessel.
2
The parietal peritoneum lines the:
1 retroperitoneal space.
2 lungs and chest cavity.
3 walls of the abdominal cavity.
4 surface of the abdominal organs.
3
The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is: peritonitis. high fever. severe pain. internal bleeding.
1
In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by:
1 diarrhea.
2 vomiting.
3 muscular contraction.
4 spontaneous rupture.
2
Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?
1 The most common cause of an acute abdomen is inflammation of the gallbladder and liver.
2 The parietal peritoneum is typically the first abdominal layer that becomes inflamed or irritated.
3 The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.
4 An acute abdomen almost always occurs as the result of blunt trauma to solid abdominal organs.
3
Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to over-activity of digestive juices results in:
1 ileus.
2 an ulcer.
3 appendicitis.
4 cholecystitis.
2
Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?
1 the passage of bright red blood in the stool or coughing up blood
2 symptom relief after taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3 sharp pain that is typically located in both lower abdominal quadrants
4 burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating
4
Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia are MOST indicative of:
1 pancreatitis.
2 appendicitis.
3 cholecystitis.
4 gastroenteritis.
2
Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?
1 In the majority of cases, bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract occurs acutely and is severe.
2 Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.
3 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding results from conditions such as Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
4 Chronic bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is usually more severe than bleeding that occurs acutely.
2
Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:
1 drink a lot of alcohol.
2 have severe diabetes.
3 have a history of esophagitis.
4 have weak immune systems.
1
Elderly patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:
1 chronic dementia, which inhibits communication.
2 interactions of the numerous medications they take.
3 progressive deterioration of abdominal organ function.
4 age-related deterioration of their sensory systems.
4
An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:
1 provide emotional support in route to the hospital.
2 administer analgesic medications to alleviate pain.
3 encourage the patient to remain in a supine position.
4 give 100% oxygen to help with pain.
1
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours’ duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:
1 transport him in a supine position.
2 be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.
3 assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy.
4 determine the exact location and cause of his pain.
2
The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock includes:
1 administering high-flow oxygen.
2 giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion.
3 transporting the patient without delay.
4 positioning the patient on his or her side.
3
Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?
1 Acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis.
2 Hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis.
3 Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.
4 The purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water.
3
You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should:
1 leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport.
2 place him in a supine position, elevate his lower extremities, and transport at once.
3 treat for shock and request a paramedic unit to respond to the scene and assist you.
4 perform a detailed secondary assessment and then transport him to a dialysis center.
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