Quiz 8

Question 1

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

1 disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.

2 abnormally high blood glucose level.

3 mass excretion of glucose by the kidneys.

4 lack of insulin production in the pancreas.

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Type 1 diabetes:

1 is typically treated with medications such as metformin (Glucophage).

2 is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.

3 typically occurs in patients between 50 and 70 years of age.

4 is defined as a blood sugar level that is less than 120 mg/dL.

Answer 2

2

Question 3

Glipizide, a non–insulin-type medication, is another name for:

1 Glucophage.

2 Glucotrol.

3 Micronase.

4 Diabinese.

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

1 Most cells will function normally without glucose.

2 Blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin.

3 The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.

4 The brain does not require insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells.

Answer 4

3

Question 5

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days’ duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient’s condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:

1 severe insulin shock.

2 acidosis and dehydration.

3 complete renal failure.

4 hypoxia and overhydration.

Answer 5

2

Question 6

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

1 warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia; and rapid respirations.

2 cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.

3 warm, dry skin; hunger; abdominal pain; and deep, slow respirations.

4 cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger; and deep, rapid respirations.

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:

1 sunken eyes.

2 hyperactivity.

3 warm, dry skin.

4 combativeness.

Answer 7

4

Question 8

In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:

1 is rapidly reversible if oral glucose is given.

2 commonly results in excess water retention.

3 can only be corrected in the hospital setting.

4 is a rapidly developing metabolic disturbance.

Answer 8

3

Question 9

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

1 hypoglycemia.

2 an acute stroke.

3 hyperglycemia.

4 a heart attack.

Answer 9

4

Question 10

You respond to a residence for a patient who is “not acting right.” As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:

1 calm him down so you can assess him.

2 be assertive and talk the patient down.

3 contact medical control for instructions.

4 retreat at once and call law enforcement.

Answer 10

4

Question 11

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

1 an unconscious 33-year-old male with cool, clammy skin

2 a conscious 37-year-old female with nausea and vomiting

3 a semiconscious 40-year-old female without a gag reflex

4 a confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

Answer 11

4

Question 12

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

1 assessing the patient’s mental status.

2 ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

3 checking the medication’s expiration date.

4 requesting permission from medical control.

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Hemoglobin is:

1 the fluid portion of the blood that transports cells throughout the body.

2 essential for the formation of clots, such as when vessel damage occurs.

3 found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.

4 found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.

Answer 13

3

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

1 Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that causes the blood to clot too quickly.

2 In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.

3 The red blood cells of patients with sickle cell disease are round and contain hemoglobin A.

4 Because of their abnormal shape, red blood cells in patients with sickle cell disease are less apt to lodge in a blood vessel.

Answer 14

2

Question 15

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

1 retroperitoneal space.

2 lungs and chest cavity.

3 walls of the abdominal cavity.

4 surface of the abdominal organs.

Answer 15

3

Question 16

The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is:
  peritonitis. 
  high fever. 
  severe pain. 
  internal bleeding.

Answer 16

1

Question 17

In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by:

1 diarrhea.

2 vomiting.

3 muscular contraction.

4 spontaneous rupture.

Answer 17

2

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

1 The most common cause of an acute abdomen is inflammation of the gallbladder and liver.

2 The parietal peritoneum is typically the first abdominal layer that becomes inflamed or irritated.

3 The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

4 An acute abdomen almost always occurs as the result of blunt trauma to solid abdominal organs.

Answer 18

3

Question 19

Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to over-activity of digestive juices results in:

1 ileus.

2 an ulcer.

3 appendicitis.

4 cholecystitis.

Answer 19

2

Question 20

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

1 the passage of bright red blood in the stool or coughing up blood

2 symptom relief after taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

3 sharp pain that is typically located in both lower abdominal quadrants

4 burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating

Answer 20

4

Question 21

Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia are MOST indicative of:

1 pancreatitis.

2 appendicitis.

3 cholecystitis.

4 gastroenteritis.

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?

1 In the majority of cases, bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract occurs acutely and is severe.

2 Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.

3 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding results from conditions such as Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

4 Chronic bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is usually more severe than bleeding that occurs acutely.

Answer 22

2

Question 23

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

1 drink a lot of alcohol.

2 have severe diabetes.

3 have a history of esophagitis.

4 have weak immune systems.

Answer 23

1

Question 24

Elderly patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:

1 chronic dementia, which inhibits communication.

2 interactions of the numerous medications they take.

3 progressive deterioration of abdominal organ function.

4 age-related deterioration of their sensory systems.

Answer 24

4

Question 25

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

1 provide emotional support in route to the hospital.

2 administer analgesic medications to alleviate pain.

3 encourage the patient to remain in a supine position.

4 give 100% oxygen to help with pain.

Answer 25

1

Question 26

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours’ duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

1 transport him in a supine position.

2 be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

3 assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy.

4 determine the exact location and cause of his pain.

Answer 26

2

Question 27

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock includes:

1 administering high-flow oxygen.

2 giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion.

3 transporting the patient without delay.

4 positioning the patient on his or her side.

Answer 27

3

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

1 Acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis.

2 Hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis.

3 Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

4 The purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water.

Answer 28

3

Question 29

You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should:

1 leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport.

2 place him in a supine position, elevate his lower extremities, and transport at once.

3 treat for shock and request a paramedic unit to respond to the scene and assist you.

4 perform a detailed secondary assessment and then transport him to a dialysis center.

Answer 29

1