Quiz 17

Question 1

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

1 neonatal period.

2 toddler period.

3 start of infancy.

4 premature phase.

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct?

1 The infant is unable to turn his or her head and focus.

2 The infant should be aroused easily from a sleeping state.

3 At this age, the infant typically sleeps for up to 8 hours a day.

4 A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger.

Answer 2

4

Question 3

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:
Correct!

1 6 months.

2 12 months.

3 18 months.

4 24 months.

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

1 at the feet.

2 at the head.

3 in the ambulance.

4 en route to the hospital.

Answer 4

1

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct?

1 They realize that injuries are not a form of punishment.

2 Preschoolers are usually not fearful of pain or separation.

3 The preschool age begins after the child turns 2 years old.

4 They can usually identify painful areas when questioned.

Answer 5

4

Question 6

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

1 determine if the child’s vital signs are within the age-appropriate limits.

2 allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

3 facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only.

4 gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child.

Answer 6

2

Question 7

The components of the PAT are:

1 appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation.

2 mental status, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure.

3 skin condition, respiratory rate, and level of alertness.

4 activity, respiratory quality, and level of consciousness.

Answer 7

1

Question 8

After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

1 evaluate the child’s baseline vital signs.

2 obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents.

3 perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

4 assess the child’s heart rate and skin condition

Answer 8

3

Question 9

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

1 normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color.

2 awareness to place, pink and dry skin, and consistent eye contact.

3 crying or combativeness, good muscle tone, and awareness to time.

4 age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

Answer 9

4

Question 10

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

1 requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device.

2 separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance.

3 administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

4 allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula.

Answer 10

3

Question 11

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Correct!

1 cyanosis.

2 tachypnea.

3 retractions.

4 abnormal airway noise.

Answer 11

1

Question 12

After squeezing the end of a child’s finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:
Correct!

2 seconds.

3 seconds.

4 seconds.

5 seconds.

Answer 12

2 seconds.

Question 13

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

1 4 years.

2 6 years.

3 8 years.

4 10 years.

Answer 13

2

Question 14

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

1 is experiencing mild to moderate pain.

2 falls from a height greater than 2′.

3 has a possible closed fracture of the radius.

4 has a history suggestive of a serious illness.

Answer 14

4

Question 15

You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:

1 apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full spinal precautions, and transport.

2 insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, apply full spinal precautions, and transport to the closest trauma center.

3 apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, obtain baseline vital signs, apply full spinal precautions, and perform a secondary assessment.

4 assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center.

Answer 15

4

Question 16

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb.

1 40

2 50

3 60

4 70

Answer 16

1

Question 17

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

1 sexual activity

2 past medical history

3 change in bladder habits

4 duration of symptoms

Answer 17

1

Question 18

The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child:

1 is a rapid head-to-toe exam to detect life threats.

2 should be performed, regardless of the circumstances.

3 may not be possible if the child’s condition is critical.

4 is most appropriate when your transport time is short.

Answer 18

3

Question 19

A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

1 perform abdominal thrusts.

2 attach the AED.

3 perform a blind finger sweep.

4 give oxygen and transport at once.

Answer 19

1

Question 20

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

1 be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital.

2 continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more albuterol.

3 begin immediate ventilation assistance and ensure that you squeeze the bag forcefully in order to open her bronchioles.

4 begin chest compressions if she becomes unresponsive and her heart rate falls below 80 beats/min.

Answer 20

1

Question 21

Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

1 a conscious 4-year-old male with adequate tidal volume

2 a responsive 6-year-old male who responds appropriately

3 an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations

4 a semiconscious 7-year-old female with normal ventilation

Answer 21

3

Question 22

Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock.

1 5%

2 15%

3 25%

4 35%

Answer 22

3

Question 23

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

1 allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital.

2 secure the child to the cot, offer oxygen, and transport.

3 place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever.

4 suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once.

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT:
1 profound tachycardia.

2 hypertension.

3 delayed capillary refill.

4 dry mucous membranes.

Answer 24

2

Question 25

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the:

1 speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred.

2 size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.

3 age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her.

4 height of the child and the speed at which the car was traveling.

Answer 25

2

Question 26

When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen:

1 he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults.

2 his or her blood pressure falls with as little as 5% blood loss.

3 your assessment will most often reveal bruising to the abdomen.

4 delayed capillary refill indicates a state of decompensated shock.

Answer 26

1

Question 27

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of:

1 bleeding in the brain.

2 multiple open fractures.

3 intra-abdominal hemorrhage.

4 fracture of the cervical spine.

Answer 27

1

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

1 Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable.

2 SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection.

3 Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months.

4 The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy.

Answer 28

3

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS?

1 mother younger than 20 years

2 low birth weight

3 putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

4 mother smoked during pregnancy

Answer 29

3