Quiz 8

Question 1

What is institutional racism?

Answer 1

Racism so deeply ingrained that people don’t need to do anything for it to continue

Question 2

What is an example of the following: Policies don’t have to be racist to have racist consequences?

Answer 2

redlining

Question 3

What is a minority group?

Answer 3

• A group of people in a minority in a given society who, because of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics, find themselves in situations of inequality within that society
• Not based on numeric majority/minority
• Based on access to resources/power

Question 4

What is ethnicity?

Answer 4

Social categories based on perceived cultural characteristics

Question 5

What is symbolic ethnicity?

Answer 5

an ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life

Question 6

What is racial identity?

Answer 6

¤ Based on perceived physical differences

¤ Assigned by others

¤ Reflects power relations

¤ Implies inherent difference in worth

Question 7

What is ethnic identity?

Answer 7

¤ Based on claims of common descent, shared history, symbols of peoplehood

¤ Can be asserted or assigned

¤ Not tied to power

¤ Not tied to worth

Question 8

What is an example of a racial group becoming an ethnic group?

Answer 8

irish

Question 9

What is white priviledge?

Answer 9

Whiteness is taken for granted

Question 10

What is immigration?

Answer 10

movement of people into one country from another for the purpose of settlement

Question 11

What is emigration?

Answer 11

movement of people out of one country in order to settle in another

Question 12

What are four models of migration?

Answer 12

• classic - Encourages immigration and offers citizenship but restricts annual intake eg United States, Canada, and Australia
• colonial - Encourages migration from former colonies eg France and United Kingdom
• guest workers - Encourages temporary immigration to fulfill labor demands ¤ Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium
• Illegal - Immigrants enter secretly or under a non-immigration pretense

Question 13

What are 4 emergent migration patterns?

Answer 13

• Acceleration—greater numbers
• Diversification—greater variety of types of immigrants
• Globalization—more countries are sending and receiving migrants
• Feminization—greater number of female immigrants

Question 14

What are 4 models of ethnic integration?

Answer 14

assimilation, melting pot, pluralism, multiculturalism

Question 15

What is assimilation?

Answer 15

The acceptance of a minority group by a majority population, in which the new group takes on the values and norms of the dominant culture

Question 16

What is melting pot?

Answer 16

The idea that ethnic differences can be combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources

Question 17

What is pluralism?

Answer 17

A model of ethnic relations in which ethnic cultures retain their independent and separate identities yet participate in the rights and powers of citizenship

Question 18

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 18

A recent outgrowth of pluralism in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

Question 19

What percentage of today’s U.S. population was born in another country?

Answer 19

13%

Question 20

What percentage of immigrants in the U.S. today are living here illegally?

Answer 20

26%

Question 21

Over the last five years, the largest group of immigrants to the United States has come from?

Answer 21

Asia

Question 22

Impacts of immigrants

Answer 22

• The economy
  
  • The effect on the earnings of the native-born workforce quite small
  • Lower the cost of many goods and services as a result of low wages
  • Fiscal impact more complicated
  • Social solidarity and social capital: May lead to a decline in social cohesion, at least in the short run
  • Crime:in fact often serves to reduce crime

Question 23

What is the hispanic epidemiological paradox?

Answer 23

Acculturation: Adopt unhealthy diets and health risks

Social network: Family cohesion ¨ Perceived discrimination: Accumulates over time

Selection

Healthy immigrant effect: positively selected-in

Salmon bias: negatively selected-out

Question 24

What is social exclusion?

Answer 24

Individuals or entire communities of people systematically denied full access to various rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of a different group

Question 25

What is residential segregation?

Answer 25

The physical separation of people of different characteristics (usually based on race) by enforced residence in different areas

Question 26

what is dissimilarity index?

Answer 26

¤ The evenness in the distribution of people across neighborhoods in a metropolitan area

¤ 0 to 100, with higher numbers indicating more segregation

¤ High: > 60; moderate: 30-60; low: < 30

Question 27

What is isolation index?

Answer 27

The average percentage of group members in the neighborhood where the typical group member lives ¤ 0 to 100, with higher numbers indicating higher levels of isolation

Question 28

What are some neighborhood definitions?

Answer 28

Question 29

What are two types of protection?

Answer 29

individual attribute protection and neighborhood characteristic protection

Question 30

What are social causation and social selection?

Answer 30

Question 31

What is environmental justice?

Answer 31

Environmental toxicity most concentrated in communities that include a disproportionate proportion of poor, working class, and non-white people

Question 32

What are some aspects of social causation?

Answer 32

Question 33

What are some urban and rural problems in the US?

Answer 33