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Sociology for Healthcare Professionals > Quiz 6 Sociology > Flashcards

Quiz 6 Sociology Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What accounts for a higher arrest rate among african americans?

A
  • family patterns (more single parents)
  • “War on Drugs”
  • Racial bias, jury selection
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2
Q

What is the war on drugs and how does it affect african americans?

A

“When It Comes To Illegal Drug Use, White America Does The Crime, Black America Gets The Time”

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3
Q

What are the health benefits of being incarcerated?

A

More screening and health

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4
Q

What are the negative health impacts of being incarcerated?

A
  • exposure to/ contraction of infectious diseases
  • stress
  • disrupts ties to important protective social bonds and networks
  • fewers employment and education opportunities
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5
Q

How does parental incarcertion impact children?

A

Negatively impacts their health and increases chance of learning disability, ADHD, behavior problems, and developmental/ speech problems

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6
Q

What is stratification?

A

Systematic/structured inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships

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7
Q

What drives stratification?

A

groups have unequal access to valued resources

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8
Q

Stratification reflects differences in_____

A

social class, race, gender, age

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9
Q

What is an example of social stratification in 1912?

A

Breakdown of survivors on the titanic by class and gender

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10
Q

Is stratification constant?

A

No, has not remained constant historically

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11
Q

What are 5 examples of stratification systems?

A

Slavery, caste, estates, class, status hierarchy

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12
Q

What is slavery?

A
  • A form of social stratification in which some people are owned by others as their property
  • Total subjection of individual to the interests of their owners
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13
Q

Why is slavery unstable?

A

Unstable because enslaved populations resist their

subjection

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14
Q

What is caste?

A
  • Based on hereditary notions of religious and theological purity
  • Rigid class boundaries
  • Intimate relationships restricted to members of ones own caste
  • Linked mostly with cultures of the indian subcontinent
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15
Q

What is an estate?

A
  • Best exemplified in the social organization of feudal Europe and the pre-civil war American South
  • the aristocracy and the gentry; the clergy; the commoners
  • some upward mobility
  • some degree of intermarriage
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16
Q

What is class?

A
  • Mostly applicable to the stratification in modern societies
  • A large group of people who occupy a similar economic position in the wider society
  • Also related to what Weber defined as life chances, that in differences in people’s opportunities for achieving economic prosperity
  • Somewhat loose social mobility
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17
Q

What is status hierarchy?

A
  • A system of stratification based on social prestige
  • Occupation
  • Lifestyle
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18
Q

What does status hierarchy depend on as according to Pierre Bourdieu?

A
  • cultural capital

- econ capital

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19
Q

What group of people has the most cultural and economic capital?

A

Executives and doctors

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20
Q

What group of people has high cultural capital but low economic capital?

A

Teachers

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21
Q

What group of people lacks cultural capital but has a lot of economic capital?

A

Foremen, craftsmen

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22
Q

What group of people lacks cultural and economic capital?

A

manual and domestic workers

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23
Q

What are the two theoretical perspectives of stratification?

A

Functionalism and Conflict theory

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24
Q

What is a functionalist perspective on stratification?

A
  • Davis and Moore
  • Stratification is both useful and inevitable
  • Inequality ensures that the most important functions are done by the best people
  • Since these systems of social stratification are useful to society as a whole and supported by cultural values and beliefs, they are usually stable over time
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25
Q

What are some problems with a functionalist perspective on stratification?

A
  • Sometimes the most valuable jobs are not rewarded with the highest wages
  • Sometimes people do not have the opportunities to fill the most important roles in society
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26
Q

What is the conflict theory of stratification?

A
  • Social stratification is the result of social conflict. Differences in social resources serve the interests of some and harm the interests of others
  • The dominant ideology in any society is always the ideology of the ruling class -> legitimate systems of inequality
  • Because systems of stratification reflect the interests of only part of society, they are unlikely to remain stable over time
27
Q

What is Marx’s perspective on conflict theory?

A
  • Class is based on relationship to the means of production

- Stratification is functional but mainly for those at the top

28
Q

What is Marx’s conflict theory about social stratification?

A
  • Class system
  • Capitalists: people who own companies, land or stocks and use them to generate economic returns
  • Working class: people who see their labor to capitalists
29
Q

What does Marx claim about social change in reference to social stratification?

A 
social change occurs when the working class
recognizes their oppression and develop class consciousness
30
Q

What is class consciousness and and who came up with the idea?

A
  • Marx

- Class consciousness - subjective awareness of common vested interests and common oppression

31
Q

What is false consciousness?

A

Believing in ideas that are not in a group’s objective interests but rather in the best interests of the capitalist class

32
Q

What is the American Dream?

A
  • predicated on meritocracy
  • explains and justifies our social system
  • in reality, there are structural advantages and disadvantages that also contribute to an individuals success or failure
33
Q

What is social reproduction?

A

the tendency for social classes to remain stable across generations

34
Q

What suprising factor effects beliefs about economic mobility?

A

Frequent viewers of rags to richs TV programs increases how likely people are to believe in the American dream and the possibility of economic mobility

35
Q

What is conflict theory for Weber?

A

The belief that inequality is multidimensional: class, status, and power
- this complex system makes reducing inequality unlikely

36
Q

What is class?

A

property, skills, and credentials

37
Q

What is status?

A

prestige or lifestyle

38
Q

What is power?

A

political power

39
Q

What is socioeconomic status?

A

a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality

40
Q

How is class measured?

A
  • Class is largely view as a statistical category based on: education, occupation, income, and wealth
  • often referred to as socioeconomic status
41
Q

What is income?

A
  • payment, usually derived from wages, salaries, or investments
  • unequal distribution among class groups
42
Q

What is wealth?

A
  • the assets that an individual owns such as cash, savings and checking accounts and investments in stocks, bonds, and real estate
  • much greater disparity in wealth than in income
43
Q

What is the upper class?

A
  • Broadly composed of the more affluent members of society, especially those who have inherited wealth, own businesses, hold large numbers of stocks (shares)
  • Make up about 1%-5% of the US population
  • Possess most of the wealth of the country
44
Q

What is the middle class?

A

-Composed broadly of those working in white collar and lower managerial occupations
-Occupational prestige, income, and wealth split middle
class into upper middle and lower middle classes

45
Q

Describe current middle-class.

A
  • Earnings have stalled
  • Multiple job holding has increased
  • More jobs at the low in-come level
  • Health Insurance crisis
46
Q

Describe the working class.

A
  • Broadly composed of people working in blue-collar or manual labor occupations
  • less likely to have college degrees
47
Q

Describe the lower class.

A
  • Composed of people who work part-time or not at all with low annual household income
  • Many of their employers do not provide health care, retirement, or other benefits
48
Q

What is the under class?

A 
Individuals situated at the bottom of the class system, often composed of people in the highest poverty neighborhoods of the inner city
"New urban poor"
49
Q

What are the two types of poverty?

A

Absolute poverty and relative poverty

50
Q

What is absolute poverty?

A
  • the minimal requirements necessary to sustain a healthy existence
51
Q

What is relative poverty?

A

poverty defined according to the living standards of the majority in any given society

52
Q

What is the poverty line?

A
  • An official government measure that defines those living in poverty
  • Also used to determine who is eligible for special benefits such as medicaid in the United States
53
Q

What is the working poor?

A

People who work, but whose earnings are not enough to lift them above the poverty line

54
Q

What is social mobility?

A

The movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society

55
Q

What is horizontal mobility?

A

Horizontal social mobility – the transition of an individual from one position to another situated on the same level. E.g., moving from one company to another in the same occupational status (blue-collar worker in company A — > blue-collar worker in company B)WH

56
Q

What is vertical social mobility?

A

the transition of an individual from one position to another, situated at a different level. It can be a move up (upwardly mobile) or a move down (downwardly mobile)

57
Q

What is structural mobility?

A

Structural mobility is mobility made possible by an expansion of better-paid occupations (or poorly
paid occupations), such as the expansion of high tech jobs in the past 20 years

58
Q

What is exchange mobility?

A

Exchange mobility occurs when people essentially trade positions—the number of overall jobs stays
the same, with some people moving up into better jobs and others moving down into worse ones

59
Q

What is intergenerational mobility?

A

between generations

60
Q

What is intragenerational mobility?

A

Within the same generation

61
Q

What do the majority of Americans say accounts for people’s wealth?

A

A majority of Americans say people are rich because they have had more advantages in life, fewer say its because they have worked harder than others

62
Q

What are some bad habits that might contribute to ill health?

A
  • not exercising
  • eating fast food
  • not going to the doctor
63
Q

What is the davis moore hypothesis?

A

Social stratification is a consequence of the fact that some social positions are more important to the operation of a social system than others

Sociology for Healthcare Professionals (7 decks)

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