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Sociology for Healthcare Professionals > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a spurious relationship?

A

when a third variable makes it appear like two variables are correlated

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2
Q

What is culture?

A

the values, beliefs, behavior and material objects that together form a people’s way of life

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3
Q

What are the two branches of culture?

A

material culture and non-material culture

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4
Q

What is material culture?

A

everything that is part of our constructed physical environment

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5
Q

What is non-material culture?

A

intangible ideas that guide our behavior

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6
Q

What is ideology?

A

a system of concepts and relationships; most abstract of all non-material culture

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7
Q

What are values?

A

abstract cultural beliefs; concepts of what is good, right, appropriate, worthwhile, and important (freedom)

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8
Q

What are beliefs?

A

concepts that people accept as true, concerning how the world operates

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9
Q

What are norms?

A

“rules” that specify behaviors appropriate and inappropriate to a particular social situation, developed out of values

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10
Q

What are the two types of norms?

A

mores and folkways

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11
Q

What are mores?

A

norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance, against public nudity, not stealing food

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12
Q

What are folkways?

A

norma for routine or casual interaction, not strictly enforces, should dress up for a wedidng, how we eat

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13
Q

What are symbols?

A

something to which people attach meaning and that they then use to communicate, a way of organizing our experience $

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14
Q

What is language?

A

a system of symbols that can be put together in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought

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15
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

arrogant perception, my culture is the standard by which all others should be measured

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16
Q

What is the opposite of ethnocentrism?

A

romanticization of other cultures

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17
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

allows people to understand and judge cultural practices in context, behavior and way of thinking examined in its cultural context, in the values norms, beliefs, and history of that culture

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18
Q

What are the three ways culture changes?

A

maintenance, chance, diffusion

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19
Q

What is maintenance?

A

culture is learned and perpetuates over time (norms, values, customs)

20
Q

What is change?

A

happens naturally over time in many societies, can be mandated by government, employers

21
Q

What is diffusion?

A

process by which an idea, an invention, or some other cultural item is borrowed from a foreign source

22
Q

What are the types of cultures within a society?

A

dominant, subcultures, countercultures

23
Q

What is dominant culture?

A

the culture of the most powerful group in society

24
Q

What are subcultures?

A

groups for whom values and norms of behavior differ from those of the dominant culture

25
Q

What are countercultures?

A

groups that develop as a reaction against the values of the dominant culture

26
Q

What are examples of subcultures?

A

environmentalists, military service people, sports nuts

27
Q

What are institutionally complete subcultures?

A

groups that can exist completely within the subculture: schools, medical care

28
Q

What are examples of countercultures?

A

amish, buddhist monks, militia groups

29
Q

What is culture shock?

A

the strain that people from one culture feel when they must reorient themselves to the ways of a new culture

30
Q

What does the intensity of culture shock depend on?

A
  • extent to which the home and foreign cultures differ, level of preparedness
31
Q

What is socialization?

A 
Process by which individuals internalize the values,
beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to
function as a member of that society
32
Q

What is internalization?

A

Internalization: process by which we take as our own the norms, values, beliefs, and language that our socializers are trying to pass on. These become part of us

33
Q

What is your social self?

A

part of self that has learned and internalized society’s expectations about what constitutes appropriate behavior and appearances

34
Q

What is the looking glass self concept?

A
  • a sense of self develops such that people see themselves reflected in others’ reactions to their appearance and behaviors
  • your perception of yourself is created through social interaction
35
Q

Who came up with the looking glass self theory?

A

Charles horton cooley

36
Q

What is Mead’s theory on self?

A

by taking the role of another we become self aware

37
Q

What are I and Me for mead?

A

I - spontaneous part of us

Me - the part that knows societal norms

38
Q

What are the four stages of the development of the self?

A

Imitation stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other

39
Q

What is the imitation stage?

A

talking twin babies, take the role of no one

40
Q

What is the play stage?

A

assuming roles modeled on significant others, taking the role of one other in one situation

41
Q

What is game stage?

A

being able to take the role of many others in one situation

42
Q

What is generalized other stage?

A

being able to take the role of many others in many situations

43
Q

Who socializes us?

A

groups or social contexts in which significant processes of socialization occur, primary groups and institutions

44
Q

What are examples of primary groups that socialize us?

A

families and peers

45
Q

What are parents supposed to do for children?

A

material support, emotional support and control/supervision

46
Q

What are family class differences in socialization?

A

different values taught to children from different classes, obedience vs independence

Sociology for Healthcare Professionals (7 decks)

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