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Sociology for Healthcare Professionals > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who came up with the concept of sociological imagination?

A

C. Wright Mills

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2
Q

What is the sociological imagination?

A 
Ability to break free from our particular
circumstance and see our social world in a new,
broader light (historical, cultural, social)
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3
Q

What is an example of sociological imagination?

A

the devil wears prada: how society/industry shaped the clothes we wear

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4
Q

What are troubles?

A

arise from individual shortcomings or bad luck

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5
Q

What are issues?

A
  • occur because of broader environmental factors
  • not controlled by individuals
  • affect many people
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6
Q

What event caused the emergence of sociology?

A

the industrial revolution

  • changed the way work is done in society
  • changed social interaction: work, transportation, communication, growth of cities
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7
Q

Who first came up with the term sociology?

A
  • Comte coined the term sociology

- Elaborated the positivist basis of sociology (“social physics”)

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8
Q

Who was one of the first feminist sociologists?

A

Harriet Martineau

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9
Q

Who was Karl Marx and what did his theories emphasize?

A
  • Most influential scholar in history

- Emphasize on social science as advocacy/ activism for justice

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10
Q

What did Karl Marx believe shaped all other aspects of social life?

A

economic structures

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11
Q

What were two components of economic structures for Marx?

A
  • Infrastructure: economic base (forces and relations of production)
  • Superstructure: legal/political institutions and ways of thinking
    (ideologies and philosophies)
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12
Q

What did marx beleive was an inherent aspect of society?

A
  • Tension and conflict:

- Caused the creation of two classes

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13
Q

Decribe the events Marx predicts would transpire in a modern capitalist society.

A
  • Means of production is improving constantly
  • Relations of production is not changing
  • Contradiction will lead to a revolutionary crisis
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14
Q

Who are three important sociological theorists?

A
  • Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber
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15
Q

What did Durkheim think of sociology as?

A
  • a science
  • engaged in scientific social research
  • proposed scientific methodology
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16
Q

What are social facts and who came up with this concept?

A
  • Social facts—ideas,
    feelings, ways of behaving
    that exist outside of the
    individual (Durkheim)
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17
Q

How did Durkheim view society?

A

An integrated whole where each part contributed to the proper functioning

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18
Q

What are two major concepts for Durkheim?

A
  • Social solidarity: mechanical - pre-industrial, organic: industrial society
  • Division of labor - becomes more specialized with indistrialization, pushes society towards organic solidarity
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19
Q

What is an example of organic social solidarity?

A

I, Pencil video

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20
Q

Who commits more suicide in the united states?

A

men

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21
Q

Who studied suicide?

A

Durkheim

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22
Q

What did Durkheim link suicide to?

A

linked suicide to level of social integration and regulation, 4 types of suicide

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23
Q

What are the four types of suicide?

A

egoistic, altruistic, anomic, fatalistic

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24
Q

What is egoistic suicide?

A

low social integration: not attached to society, no friends/family

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25
Q

What is altruistic suicide?

A

high social integration: extremely attached to society and society and person becomes one thing

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26
Q

What is anomic suicide?

A

low social regulation: difficult to understand what is appropriate and what is innapropriate, beginning of pandemic, soviet union dissolved

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27
Q

What is fatalistic suicide?

A

high social regulation: social norms very strong, seems like everything has been predetermined

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28
Q

How does Marx believe people are affected by capitalism?

A

Alienated by capitalism

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29
Q

What defined Max Weber’s beliefs?

A
  • Felt that society was multidimensional: economic, political, cultural
  • Developed the concept of verstehen (people give meaning to their actions)
30
Q

What is an example of Weber’s thinking?

A

The protestant ethic and capitalism (mutually affecting each other)

31
Q

What is verstehen?

A
  • people give meaning to their actions
32
Q

What does Max Weber believe power is?

A

Power is the ability of individuals or the members of a group to achieve aims or further the interests they hold despite resistance

33
Q

What does Max Weber believe authority is?

A

Authority is the justifiable right to exercise power

34
Q

What are the types of legitimate authority for weber?

A

Charismatic (personal appeal of a leader), traditional (based on a long established way of doing things) legal-rational authority (based on legal, impersonal rules that have been routinized and rationalized)

35
Q

What did Weber believe defined modern society?

A

Weber believed that rational action within a system of legal-rational authority is at the heart of modern society

36
Q

What is a bureaucracy?

A

an organization that uses the most efficient means to achieve a valued goal

37
Q

What are the characteristics of a bureaucracy?

A

division of labor (specialization), hierarchy of authority, rules and regulations, roles not people, impersonality

38
Q

What is a way to remember bureacracy?

A

faceless bureacrat

39
Q

What are the common themes between each of the theorists?

A 
History matters:
Marx: historical materialism
Durkheim: division of labor
Weber; rationalization
Industrial Revolution changed the ways in which people are connected to one another
Marx: economic exploitation
Durkheim: economic interdependence
Weber: charisma loses out to formal authority
40
Q

What is structural functionalism?

A
  • Every system, behavior, group has a role in the functioning of society
  • Emphasis on social order cohesion and stability
  • Durkheim key theorist
41
Q

What are limitations of structural functionalism?

A
  • supports the status quo

- can explain how society devleoped just how it is

42
Q

What are the two types of functions in structural functionalism?

A
  • manifest functions: intended

- latent functions: unintended

43
Q

What is conflict theory?

A
  • Emphasizes the role of coercion and power in producing social order and social change
  • Combination of sociological analysis and political reform
  • Marx (class), DuBois (race)
44
Q

What are the limitations of conflict theory?

A

overlooks general stability of society

45
Q

What is social interactionism?

A
  • emphasis on interactions between individuals
  • social interaction is the place where society exists
  • people act towards things base on the meanings those things have for them
  • meanings arise through interactions between people
46
Q

What is social constructionism?

A
  • people have their own realities
  • knowledge or practice that is normal and taken for granted can be understood as a result of the particular power relations pertaining in that historical and social context (blue and pink)
47
Q

What are the core questions from a functionalist perspective?

A

How is society integrated? What are the parts and how do they work together?

48
Q

What are the core questions from a conflict perspective?

A

How is society divided? What are the patterns of inequality? how do people maintain or change their position?

49
Q

What are the core questions from a interactionist perspective?

A

How is society experienced? How do people interact to create, maintain, and change social patterns?

50
Q

What are the core questions from a constructionist perspective?

A

How is society constructed?

51
Q

What are the two types of theory development?

A

deductive and inductive

52
Q

What is deductive theory development?

A

Theory -> observations (DTO)

53
Q

What is inductive theory development?

A

Observations -> theory (IOT)

54
Q

What are the 7 steps in a research process?

A
  1. Define the problem
  2. Literature review
  3. Identify key concepts
  4. Research design
  5. Conduct research
  6. Analyze the data
  7. Interpret/ Report results
55
Q

What are 3 types of questions?

A

Value - what ought to be
Factual - what is/what happened
Sociological - why

56
Q

What is concept and operationalization?

A
  • Concept - mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form
  • Operationalization - turning abstract concepts into measurable observations , health behaviors, subjective well being
57
Q

What is validity?

A

Does the variable measure what it is intended to measure?

58
Q

What is reliability?

A

If you conduct the study again will you get the same results?

59
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

a proposed relationship between two variables, an unverified statement of a relationship between variables

60
Q

What are the two types of hypotheses?

A

Null and. alternative

61
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

What we are changing

62
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

what is being measured

63
Q

What are the levels of analysis?

A

micro - individual, document
meso - school, hospital
macro - state, nation

64
Q

What are the two types of research methods?

A

Quantitative and qualitative

65
Q

What are 6 major research methods?

A

Observation, interviews, surveys, experiments, content analysis, historical methods/comparative research

66
Q

What are the two types of observation research?

A

participant/non-participant

67
Q

What are the two types of interviews?

A

structured/unstructured

68
Q

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

A

people change their behavior when they are being observed

69
Q

What are two ways results may be interpreted?

A

demonstrate causation and correlation

70
Q

What is correlation?

A

the relationship by which two or more variables change together

71
Q

What is causation?

A

An independent or causal variable precedes the dependent variable in time (time order)

Sociology for Healthcare Professionals (7 decks)

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