Quiz 6 - Haematological Disorders

Question 1

A 54-year-old male complains that he has been vomiting blood (haematemesis). Tests reveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?

a. thrombosis in the spleen
b. cirrhosis of the liver
c. left ventricular failure
d. renal stenosis

Answer 1

b. cirrhosis of the liver

Question 2

A 31-year-old female presents with mid-abdominal pain. She is suspected to have acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory results is/are most specific to this diagnosis?

a. low haematocrit and haemoglobin
b. elevated white blood cell count
c. elevated serum amylase
d. hyperglycaemia

Answer 2

c. elevated serum amylase

Question 3

Gastric-oesophageal reflux is:

a. caused by rapid gastric emptying.
b. excessive contraction of the upper oesophageal sphincter.
c. associated with abdominal surgery.
d. caused by malfunctioning of the lower oesophageal sphincter.

Answer 3

d. caused by malfunctioning of the lower oesophageal sphincter.

Question 4

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by:

a. hereditary hormonal imbalances with low gastrin levels.
b. breaks in the mucosa and the presence of corrosive secretions.
c. decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement.
d. gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux.

Answer 4

b. breaks in the mucosa and the presence of corrosive secretions.

Question 5

Problems associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:

a. hyperbilirubinaemia and jaundice.
b. fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
c. impaired ammonia clearance.
d. decreased cerebral blood flow.

Answer 5

c. impaired ammonia clearance.

Question 6

Coeliac disease is an auto-immune disorder due to hypersensitivity to

a. lactose.
b. sucrose.
c. gluten.
d. leptin.

Answer 6

c. gluten.

Question 7

A 22-year-old female just delivered a healthy baby girl. She suffered from eclampsia during her pregnancy, and on the second postnatal day she complained of bleeding gums and bruising on her arms and legs. Haematology lab tests indicate she has disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Further testing reveals an increase in:

a. platelets.
b. haematocrit.
c. fibrin degradation products (FDPs).
d. factor X.

Answer 7

c. fibrin degradation products

Question 8

Thrombocytopenia may be:

a. transient or consistent.
b. normal or abnormal.
c. congenital or acquired.
d. active or inactive.

Answer 8

c. congenital or acquired.

Question 9

The fundamental alteration of anaemia is a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood resulting in tissue hypoxia.

True or False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Haemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when:

a. an Rh positive mother is sensitised against an Rh positive baby.
b. an Rh negative mother is sensitised against an Rh positive baby.
c. an Rh positive mother is sensitised against an Rh negative baby.
d. an Rh negative mother is sensitised against an Rh negative baby

Answer 10

b. an Rh negative mother is sensitised against an Rh positive baby.

Question 11

Which of the following laboratory measurements provides information on the relative size of erythrocytes?
a.
haematocrit
b. mean cell volume (MCV)
c. mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)d.
mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Answer 11

b. mean cell volume (MCV)

Question 12

A 67-year-old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. The primary cause of her anaemia is most likely:

a. vitamin B12 deficiency.
b. iron deficiency.
c. folate deficiency.
d. bone marrow failure.

Answer 12

b. iron deficiency.

Question 13

A 15-year-old male is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. The most likely cause is:

a. adenovirus.
b. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
c. cytomegalovirus (CMV).
d. Toxoplasma gondii.

Answer 13

b. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Question 14

Leucocytosis can be defined as:

a. a normal leucocyte count.
b. a high leucocyte count.
c. a low leucocyte count.
d. another term for leucopenia.

Answer 14

b. a high leucocyte count.

Question 15

A 5-year-old female is diagnosed with acute leukaemia. She will most likely be treated with:

a. bone marrow transplant.
b. immunotherapy.
c. chemotherapy.d.
localised radiation therapy.

Answer 15

c. chemotherapy.

Question 16

Lymphadenopathy resulting from neoplastic disease, is due to malignant proliferation of:

a. erythrocytes.
b. neutrophils.
c. basophils
d. lymphocytes.

Answer 16

d. lymphocytes.

Question 17

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with leukaemia. Which of the following symptoms would be expected?

a. fatigue
b. jaundice
c. irritability
d. bradycardia

Answer 17

a. fatigue

Question 18

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with lymphadenopathy. The most likely finding leading to this diagnosis is:

a. small, hard lymph nodes.
b. disordered lymph nodes.
c. nonpalpable, nontender lymph nodes.
d. enlarged lymph nodes.

Answer 18

d. enlarged lymph nodes

Question 19

Erythrocytes that are _____ , are smaller in size that normal.

a. hyperchromic
b. hypochromic
c. macrocytic
d. microcytic

Answer 19

d. microcytic

Question 20

A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations could be expected?

a. movement of fluid into the cell
b. decreased cardiac output
c. decreased oxygen release from haemoglobin
d. capillary dilation

Answer 20

d. capillary dilation

Question 21

What haemodynamic change occurs after initial compensation for a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes?

a. increased viscosity of blood
b. decreased cardiac output
c. altered coagulation
d. hyperdynamic blood flow

Answer 21

d. hyperdynamic blood flow

Question 22

A 52-year-old male IV drug user was diagnosed with hepatitis C 5 years ago. He is now experiencing impaired blood clotting. A decrease in which of the following vitamins could be the cause?

a. K
b. D
c. E
d. B12

Answer 22

a. K

Question 23

Leucopenia can be defined as:

a. a normal leucocyte count.
b. a high leucocyte count.
c. a low leucocyte count.
d. another term for leucocytosis.

Answer 23

c. a low leucocyte count

Question 24

A 15-year-old male with infectious mononucleosis is being given instructions on how to prevent the spread of this infection to others. Which statement represents a correct instruction?

a. Wear a surgical mask when others are in the room.
b. Do not share drinking glasses or eating utensils.
c. Avoid all contact with other people.
d. No precautions are necessary.

Answer 24

b. Do not share drinking glasses or eating utensils.

Question 25

Individuals with liver disease often suffer from coagulation disorders because:

a. the liver is often the site of platelet pooling.
b. clotting factors are produced in the liver.
c. high levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system.
d. treatment medications for liver failure cause fibrinolysis.

Answer 25

b.

clotting factors are produced in the liver.

Question 26

The most common childhood cancer is:

a. acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
b. chronic myelocytic leukaemia.
c. non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
d. Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Answer 26

a. acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Question 27

The function of which of the following formed elements is affected in anaemia?

a. erythrocytes
b. granulocytes
c. leucocytes
d. platelets

Answer 27

a. erythrocytes

Question 28

Haematocrit would be abnormally high in:

a. overhydration.
b. anaemia.
c. polycythaemia.
d. haemolysis.

Answer 28

c. polycythaemia.

Question 29

In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), active bleeding occurs after intravascular clotting because:

a. prothrombin is activated.
b. clotting factors are depleted.
c. inflammatory mediators are released.
d. tissue factor is inactivated.

Answer 29

b. clotting factors are depleted.

Question 30

A 62-year-old female tells her healthcare provider she has been experiencing regular night sweats that cause her to wake up drenched. She also remarks that she has been unintentionally losing weight. Physical exam reveals enlarged lymph nodes on her neck that do not appear to be painful. She should be screened for which of the following cancers?

a. non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
b. Hodgkin’s lymphoma
c. acute leukaemia
d. Burkitt’s lymphoma

Answer 30

b. Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 31

Excessive production of erythropoietin due to a renal tumour would be associated with:

a. anaemia and an abnormally low haematocrit.
b. anaemia and an abnormally high haematocrit.
c. polycythaemia and an abnormally low haematocrit.
d. polycythaemia and an abnormally high haematocrit.

Answer 31

d. polycythaemia and an abnormally high haematocrit.

Question 32

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia. A decrease in which of the following is the most likely cause?

a. ferritin
b. gastric enzymes
c. intrinsic factor
d. erythropoietin

Answer 32

c. intrinsic factor

Question 33

Erythrocytes that are _____ , contain an abnormally low concentration of haemoglobin.

a. hyperchromic
b. hypochromic
c. macrocytic
d. microcytic

Answer 33

b. hypochromic

Question 34

The symptoms of polycythaemia are essentially caused by:

a. fewer erythrocytes than normal.
b. decreased blood volume.
c. increased blood viscosity.
d. increased rate of blood flow.

Answer 34

c. increased blood viscosity.

Question 35

A 40-year-old female develops disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The most likely cause of this condition is:

a. snake venom.
b. blood transfusion.
c. sepsis.
d. immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

Answer 35

c. sepsis.

Question 36

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with normocytic-normochromic anaemia. Which of the following anaemias falls into this category?

a. sideroblastic anaemia
b. haemolytic anaemia
c. pernicious anaemia
d. iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 36

b. haemolytic anaemia

Question 37

A 15-year-old female presents with splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and lymph node enlargement. She is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Further testing would indicate an acute infection of:

a. neutrophils.
b. B lymphocytes.
c. T lymphocytes.
d. eosinophils.

Answer 37

b. B lymphocytes.

Question 38

A 35-year-old male has enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a mediastinal mass. He is diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Which of the following abnormal cells would be expected with this disease?

a. Merkel cell
b. Schwann cell
c. Reed-Sternberg cell
d. Kupffer cell

Answer 38

c. Reed-Sternberg cell

Question 39

Aplastic anaemia is caused by:

a. iron deficiency.
b. excess levels of erythropoietin.
c. haemolysis.
d. bone marrow suppression.

Answer 39

d. bone marrow suppression.

Question 40

Erythrocytes that are _____ , contain an abnormally low concentration of haemoglobin.

a. hyperchromic
b. hypochromic
c. macrocytic
d. microcytic

Answer 40

b. hypochromic

Question 41

A 15-year-old male is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. He most likely presented with the classic triad of symptoms: fever, sore throat and:

a. lymph node enlargement.
b. hepatitis.
c. rash on the trunk and extremities.
d. dyspnoea.

Answer 41

a. lymph node enlargement.

Question 42

A 34-year-old male presents in the emergency department with extreme fatigue and shortness of breath. His skin and sclera appear to have a yellowish discoloration. These findings are consistent with which type of anaemia?

a. posthaemorrhagic anaemia
b. iron deficiency anaemia
c. aplastic anaemia
d. haemolytic anaemia

Answer 42

d. haemolytic anaemia

Question 43

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. From which of the following types of anaemia does he suffer?

a. iron deficiency anaemia
b. pernicious anaemia
c. sideroblastic anaemia
d. haemolytic anaemia

Answer 43

b. pernicious anaemia