Quiz 11 - Pain and Neurological Disorders Flashcards
One location in which nociceptors can be found is the:
a. skin.
b. spinal cord.
c. efferent pathways.
d. hypothalamus.
a. skin
A 50-year-old male crushes his hand while working in a sawmill. Long after his injury has healed he still feels burning pain in his hand. This pain is referred to as:
a. neuropathic pain.
b. peripheral pain.
c. psychogenic pain.
d. acute pain.
a. neuropathic pain.
The classic triad of manifestations occurring with Parkinson’s disease includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. tremor.
b. rigidity.
c. akinesia.
d. hyperkinesia.
d. hyperkinesia.
The clinical manifestations that arise in Parkinson’s disease result from which one of the following changes in the basal nuclei?
a. degeneration of cholinergic neurons.
b. overstimulation of dopaminergic neurons.
c. lack of dopaminergic inhibition of cholinergic neurons.
d. reduced cholinergic stimulation of dopaminergic neurons.
c. lack of dopaminergic inhibition of cholinergic neurons.
A 25-year-old male was in an automobile accident. At impact, his forehead struck the windshield. In this situation, the coup injury would occur in the:
a. frontal region.
b. temporal region.
c. parietal region.
d. occipital region.
a. frontal region.
The most common type of traumatic brain injury is:
a. penetrating trauma.
b. diffuse axonal injury.
c. focal brain injury.
d. concussion.
d. concussion.
In bacterial meningitis, laboratory analysis of CSF reveals a heavy presence of:
a. basophils.
b. neutrophils
c. lymphocytes.
d. eosinophils.
b. neutrophils
Viral meningitis:
a. is always sudden in onset.
b. often occurs with measles, mumps or herpes.
c. is effectively treated with antibiotics.
d. rarely causes encephalopathy.
b. often occurs with measles, mumps or herpes.
A 72-year-old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities, blurred vision and dizziness. The symptoms disappear in 24 hours. He most likely experienced a:
a. Stoke-in-evolution
b. arteriovenous malformation
c. transient ischaemic attack.
d. cerebral haemorrhage
c. transient ischaemic attack.
Which statement is NOT true regarding increasing intracranial pressures?
a. Accumulating CO2 causes vasoconstriction
b. the brain volume increases
c. the blood volume in the vessels increases
d. brain tissue shifts from the compartment of greater pressure to one of lesser pressure
a. Accumulating CO2 causes vasoconstriction
A 15-year-old female scrapes her knee while playing soccer and complains of sharp and well-localised pain. Which of the following would most accurately characterise her pain?
somatic pain
In viral meningitis, laboratory analysis of CSF reveals a heavy presence of:
Lymphocytes
One risk factor for thrombotic stroke is:
high blood cholesterol
A 20-year-old male is admitted to the neurological critical care unit with a severe closed head injury. When an intraventricular catheter is inserted, the intracranial pressure is recorded at 24 mmHg. This reading is:
higher than normal
A 25-year-old female presents to her GP complaining of fever, headache, nuchal rigidity and decreased consciousness. She was previously treated for sinusitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
bacterial meningitis
The pathological brain changes that occur with Alzheimer’s disease include neurofibrillary tangles and accumulations of senile plaques that are concentrated in:
cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
A 60-year-old female with a recent history of head trauma and a long-term history of hypertension presents to the ED for changes in mental status. MRI reveals that she had a haemorrhagic stroke. This type of stroke is often caused by:
aneurysms.
A direct consequence of increased intracranial pressure is:
brain tissue hypoxia
Which CNS tract is responsible for carrying sensory information from the nociceptors to the brain?
spinothalamic
Pain that is felt in a different body part to the source of the pain is called:
referred pain
The main source of bleeding in extradural (epidural) haematomas is:
arterial
A 20-year-old female pricked her left hand while sewing. Which area in her brain would have received the pain signals and perceived them as pain?
right somatosensory cortex
In cerebral vasogenic oedema:
plasma proteins leak into extracellular spaces
The main source of bleeding in subdural haematomas is:
venous
The pain that occurs to a stimulus such as light stroking that normally does not provoke pain is termed:
allodynia.
Neurons damaged by hypoxia or trauma discharge:
glutamate
Cerebral oedema is an accumulation of fluid in the:
a. brain ventricles.
b. brain tissue.
c. subarachnoid space.
d. neuroglia.
b. brain tissue.
A patient arrives in the ER following a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) with a Glasgow Coma Score of 10. His TBI is classified as:
a. Moderate
b. Severe
c. Mild
d. none of the above
a. Moderate
13-15 = mild 9-12 = moderate 3-8 = severe
Cutaneous polymodal nociceptors are activated by:
a. mechanical injury only.
b. thermal stimuli such as heat only.
c. light touch and gentle stroking.
d. mechanical injury, heat and chemicals.
d. mechanical injury, heat and chemicals.
Vasogenic oedema is clinically important because (ICP = intracranial pressure):
a. it usually has an infectious cause.
b. the blood-brain barrier is disrupted.
c. ICP is higher than in other forms of cerebral oedema.
d. it always causes herniation.
b. the blood-brain barrier is disrupted.
A Lucid Interval following a Traumatic Brain Injury is usually seen following a:
a. Intracerebral haematoma
b. Subdural haematoma
c. Subarachnoid haematoma
d. epidural haematoma
d. epidural haematoma
In cerebral vasogenic oedema:
a. active transport fails
b. there is autodigestion
c. plasma proteins leak into extracellular spaces
d. cerebrospinal fluid leaves the ventricles
c. plasma proteins leak into extracellular spaces
The lowest intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful is termed:
a. affective-motivational aspect.
b. pain sensitisation.
c. pain threshold.
d. pain tolerance.
c. pain threshold.
