Quiz 12 - Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
Consolidation on a chest x-ray most likely points to:
a. pneumonia
b. COPD.
c. Asthma
d. Lung Cancer
a. pneumonia
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by cystic fibrosis. Which of the following is expected?
a. increased residual volume.
b. increased tidal volume.
c. decreased respiratory rate.
d. decreased tidal volume.
d. decrease tidal volume
Type II pneumocyte damage causes:
a. Increased alveolocapillary permeability
b. Chemotaxis for neutrophils
c. Exudation of fluids from capillaries into interstitium
d. decreased surfactant
d. decreased surfactant
Chronic bronchitis:
a. is caused by a lack of surfactant.
b. is caused by air pollutants.
c. exhibits a dry cough.
d. causes collapsed alveoli.
b. is caused by air pollutants.
Can be caused by air pollutants or more commonly smoking
A 45-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months’ duration. Which of the following is most likely to cause this condition?
a. chronic asthma.
b. air pollution.
c. cigarette smoke.
d. recurrent pneumonia.
c. cigarette smoke.
A 30-year-old male is experiencing respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would be expected?
a. electrolyte imbalances
b. low PaCO2
c. low haematocrit
d. low blood pH
Not b. low PaCO2 try low pH
Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to:
a. increased sympathetic nervous system response.
b. the release of stress hormones.
c. exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation.
d. hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness.
c. exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation.
Which CNS tract is responsible for carrying sensory information from the nociceptors to the brain?
a. spinothalamic
b. corticospinal
c. corticobulbular
d. reticulospinal
a. spinothalamic
Cystic fibrosis is an:
a. autosomal recessive disease.
b. autosomal dominant disease.
c. X-linked recessive disease.
d. X-linked dominant disease
a. autosomal recessive disease.
A massive pulmonary embolism will most likely lead to:
a. damage to the lung microcapillaries.
b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
c. disseminated intravascular coagulation.
d. shock and death.
d. shock and death.
A 65-year-old female with emphysema presents to the ED for difficulty breathing. Physical exam reveals bluish skin and mucous membranes. This condition is referred to as:
cyanosis.
A 28-year-old male complains to his GP that he has had a cold for a week and is coughing up bloody secretions. This symptom is referred to as:
haemoptysis.
Pneumonia is caused by:
viral or bacterial infections.
The condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion is called:
alveolar dead space.
A 45-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months’ duration. Which of the following is the most significant concern in this patient?
recurrent pulmonary infections.
A 60-year-old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. She is most likely experiencing _____ pulmonary disease.
obstructive
A massive pulmonary embolism will most likely lead to:
shock and death
A 52-year-old female presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration. This condition is most likely caused by:
thick mucus from hypertrophied glands.
Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:
mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction and airway oedema.
Which of the following shows a correct cause and effect sequence in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
a massive inflammatory response causing alveolar-capillary membrane injury.
A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Which of the following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment?
chest pain and shortness of breath
Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema most often present with:
dyspnoea.
Kathy hunched over at the table because she is short of breath
A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
hyperventilation
A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should she recognise as part of an asthmatic attack?
wheezing
Joe is wheezing when he laughs
A person with a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) defect has hypoxemia and is treated with supplemental O2. The supplemental O2 will be most helpful if the person’s predominant V/Q defect is
low V/Q ventilation/perfusion
A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. His airways are obstructed because of
loss of elastic recoil
The pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome produces hypoxemia that is refractory to oxygen therapy due to:
Profound intrapulmonary shunting past alveoli with no ventilation.
A 1-year-old child with cystic fibrosis would demonstrate elevated levels of which of these compounds in both sweat and salivary gland secretions?
chloride.
Cliffy is sweating and spitting chloride
A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. This condition could cause:
pneumonia
Consolidation on a chest x-ray most likely points to:
pneumonia
A 10-year-old female develops pneumonia following a urinary tract infection. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. She reports that breathing is difficult and she feels she cannot get enough air. This symptom is referred to as:
dyspnoea
Virchow’s triad includes all of the following except:
a. Hypercoagulable state
b. Vascular wall injury
c. Venous Thrombosis
d. Circulatory stasis
Venous Thrombosis
Reduced oxygenation of arterial blood is called:
hypoxaemia
A 42-year-old female presents with dyspnoea, rapid, shallow breathing, inspiratory crackles, decreased lung compliance and hypoxaemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterised by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolar-capillary injury. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Which of the following statements regarding cystic fibrosis is correct?
a. It is caused by a bacterial infection.
b. It can be prevented by a vaccine.
c. It is associated with a genetic defect in chloride ion transport.
d. It affects only the pulmonary system.
c. It is associated with a genetic defect in chloride ion transport.
A 60-year-old female with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. She has an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter because of:
air trapping.
Extrinsic/allergic asthma
Is due to an antigen-antibody reaction on the IgE-bearing mast cells
A low ventilation-perfusion ratio results in:
shunting
90% of pulmonary emboli results from clots formed in veins of the:
Legs and Pelvis
Pathophysiologic differences between emphysema and chronic bronchitis include the fact that:
a. Emphysema is characterised by hypersecretion of goblet and mucus cells.
b. Chronic bronchitis commonly results in polycythemia to compensate for persistent hypoxemia.
c. Chronic bronchitis produces destruction of alveolar walls.
d. Emphysema is due to chronic inflammation resulting in fibrotic airways.
b. Chronic bronchitis commonly results in polycythemia to compensate for persistent hypoxemia.
