Quiz 4 - Renal and Electrolyte Disorders Flashcards
Infants are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have:
a. a lower total body water volume.
b. a greater body surface area to volume ratio.
c. a decreased intravascular volume.
d. an increased tendency towards developing oedema.
b. a greater body surface area to volume ratio.
A 10-year-old male is brought to the Emergency Department because he is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals he is suffering from cerebral oedema. This type of oedema is referred to as:
a. localised oedema.
b. generalised oedema.
c. pitting oedema.
d. lymphoedema.
a. localised oedema.
Causes of acute renal injury include:
a. cholecystitis.
b. stones and strictures to kidneys or ureters.
c. heart failure leading to poor renal perfusion.
d. a., b. and c are correct.
d. a., b. and c are correct.
A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with acute renal injury. Which of the following data is most indicative of acute renal injury?
a. alterations in blood pH accompanied by peripheral oedema
b. elevated plasma creatinine and decreased glomerular filtration rate
c. decreased plasma creatinine, potassium ions and calcium ions
d. decreased urine output, haematuria and increased glomerular filtration rate
b. elevated plasma creatinine and decreased glomerular filtration rate
Chronic compensation for respiratory alkalosis includes:
a. increased renal excretion of H+.
b. decreased renal reabsorption of HCO3-.
c. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2.
d. protein buffering.
b. decreased renal reabsorption of HCO3-.
Kussmaul’s respirations (deep, rapid and sustained breaths) leading to a decreased PaCO2 are a compensatory mechanism for which acid-base imbalance:
a. respiratory alkalosis.
b. respiratory acidosis.
c. metabolic alkalosis.
d. metabolic acidosis.
d. metabolic acidosis.
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with ________________ to plasma____________.
a. increased glomerular permeability; urea
b. decreased glomerular permeability; proteins
c. decreased glomerular permeability; tubular filtrate
d. increased glomerular permeability; proteins
d. increased glomerular permeability; proteins
The presence of albumin in the urine would indicate probable damage to:
a. glomeruli.
b. loops of Henle.
c. proximal convoluted tubules.
d. none of the above.
a. glomeruli.
Hypovolaemia is associated with all the following, EXCEPT:
a. severe vomiting.
b. severe diarrhea.
c. hypersecretion of aldosterone.
d. haemorrhage.
c. hypersecretion of aldosterone.
Hypervolaemia is associated with all the following, EXCEPT:
a. excess IV fluid therapy.
b. increased blood volume.
c. hypersecretion of aldosterone.
d. haemorrhage.
d. haemorrhage
One cause of metabolic alkalosis is:
a. retention of metabolic acids.
b. excessive diarrhoea.
c. excessive vomiting.
d. hyperventilation.
c. excessive vomiting.
Acute compensation for metabolic acidosis includes:
a. increased kidney excretion of H+.
b. hyperventilation.
c. hypoventilation.
d. aldosterone secretion.
b. hyperventilation.
Plasma is referred to as:
a. intracellular fluid.
b. extracellular fluid.
c. interstitial fluid.
d. intravascular fluid.
d. intravascular
Which of the following conditions would decrease oncotic pressure in the capillaries?
a. high-protein diet
b. liver failure
c. low blood pressure
d. high blood-glucose
b. liver failure
A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?
a. haematuria
b. dysuria
c. oliguria
d. proteinuria
d. proteinuria