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Human Pathophys HLT221 > Quiz 5 - Inflammation / Immunological Disorders > Flashcards

Quiz 5 - Inflammation / Immunological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response?

a. serous
b. purulent
c. haemorrhagic
d. fibrinous

A

D. Fibrinous

Fibrinous exudates occur in the lungs of individuals with pneumonia.
Serous fluid is watery fluid, as in a blister.
Purulent is characterized by an abscess, such as pus.
Hemorrhagic occurs when the exudates are filled with erythrocytes.

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2
Q

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, low blood pressure and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:

a. alloimmunity.
b. autoimmunity.
c. anaphylaxis.
d. tissue-specific hypersensitivity.

A

c. anaphylaxis.

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3
Q

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:

a. IgE-mediated reactions.
b. tissue-specific reactions.
c. antigen-antibody complexes.
d. Type II hypersensitivity reactions.

A

a. IgE-mediated reactions.

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4
Q

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash and changes in urine colour. Laboratory testing reveals anaemia, lymphopenia and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?

a. anti-LE antibodies
b. autoantibodies
c. antiherpes antibodies
d. anti-CMV antibodies

A

b. autoantibodies

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5
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an example of:

a. autoimmunity.
b. alloimmunity.
c. homoimmunity.
d. alleimmunity.

A

a. autoimmunity.

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6
Q

The complement system, clotting system and kinin system share which of the following characteristics?

Answers:
a. activation of an inactive first component

b. phagocytosis initiation
c. granulocyte production
d. activated by interferon

A

a. activation of an inactive first component

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7
Q

Type III hypersensitivity is triggered by:

a. mast cells and IgE
b. antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
c. deposition of antigen-antibody complexes.
d. T lymphocytes

A

c. deposition of antigen-antibody complexes.

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8
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis from latex, is an example of which type of immune disorder?

a. autoimmune
b. complement deficiency
c. Type III hypersensitivity
d. Type IV hypersensitivity

A

d. Type IV hypersensitivity

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9
Q

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a tapeworm infestation. Which of the following cells would be produced in response to this worm?

a. monocytes
b. eosinophils
c. neutrophils
d. natural killer cells

A

b. eosinophils

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10
Q

The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:

a. eosinophil.
b. neutrophil.
c. lymphocyte.
d. macrophage.

A

b. neutrophil.

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11
Q

Bradykinin is involved in:

a. increasing vascular permeability.
b. vasoconstriction.
c. stimulating the clotting system.
d. increasing degradation of prostaglandins.

A

a. increasing vascular permeability.

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12
Q

The primary actions of the complement cascade include:

a. opsonisation, mast cell activation, chemotaxis and cell lysis.
b. mast cell degranulation, activation of T cells, formation of immunoglobulins and angiogenesis.
c. phagocytosis, clotting, macrophage activation and vasodilation.
d. release of pyrogens, prostaglandins and stimulation of fibroblasts.

A

a. opsonisation, mast cell activation, chemotaxis and cell lysis.

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13
Q

A 55-year-old woman suspected of having active tuberculosis has a positive Mantoux test. Which of the following immune reactions is she experiencing?

a. IgE-mediated
b. tissue-specific
c. immune complex
d. cell-mediated

A

d. cell-mediated

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14
Q

Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions does not involve an antibody response?

a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV

A

d. Type IV

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15
Q

Maternal-fetal blood incompatibility may exist in which of the following conditions?

a. The mother is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative.
b. The mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive.
c. The mother has type A blood and the fetus has type O blood.
d. The mother has type AB blood and the fetus has type B blood.

A

b. The mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive.

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16
Q

A 20-year-old apprentice shoots their hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in their hand?

a. eosinophils
b. neutrophils
c. leukotrienes
d. monocytes

A

b. neutrophils

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17
Q

Malnutrition, radiation therapy and chemotherapeutic agents can all be associated with development of:

a. autoimmunity.
b. allimmunity.
c. primary immune deficiency.
d. secondary immune deficiency.

A

d. secondary immune deficiency.

18
Q

A common symptom of individuals with immunodeficiency is:

a. anaemia.
b. recurrent infections.
c. hypersensitivity.
d. autoantibody production.

A

b. recurrent infections.

19
Q

Which of the following is a consequence of histamine release?

a. stimulation of pain receptors
b. fever
c. increased capillary permeability
d. decreased platelet adhesion and aggregation

A

c. increased capillary permeability

20
Q

Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

a. a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states.
b. a normal immune response to an infectious agent.
c. an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitising antigen.
d. antigenic desensitisation.

A

c. an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitising antigen.

21
Q

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:

a. swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria.
b. antigen-antibody complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage.
c. inflammatory factors that stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells.
d. accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies.

A

b. antigen-antibody complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage.

22
Q

The most potent mediator of IgE-mediated Type I hypersensitivity reactions is:

a. specific T lymphocyte activity
b. antibody-antigen complexes
c. histamine
d. complement

A

c. histamine

23
Q

The directional movement of cells in response to a chemical gradient is termed:

a. chemotaxis.
b. immigration.
c. margination.
d. diapedesis.

A

a. chemotaxis.

24
Q

The most severe consequence of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

a. urticaria.
b. hives.
c. anaphylaxis.
d. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).

A

c. anaphylaxis.

25
Q

The mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of:

a. cytokinesis.
b. endocytosis.
c. degranulation.
d. haemolysis.

A

c. degranulation.

26
Q

Primary immune deficiencies occur as a result of:

a. a genetic defect.
b. recurrent infections.
c. chronic disease affecting immune system function.
d. autoantibody production.

A

a. a genetic defect.

27
Q

A pyrogen:

a. increases serum copper, zinc and iron levels.
b. causes fever.
c. slows down the transformation of lymphocytes.
d. decreases prostaglandin production.

A

b. causes fever.

28
Q

A 45-year-old male is given an organ transplant. After a period of months with checkups, a follow-up biopsy of the organ demonstrates cellular infiltration characteristic of a cell-mediated response. What type of immune hypersensitivity is occurring?

a. Type II antibody mediated tissue-specific reaction
b. Type I anaphylactic reaction
c. Type IV cell-mediated graft rejection
d. Type III immune complex-mediated reaction

A

c. Type IV cell-mediated graft rejection

29
Q

When the body produces antibodies against its own tissue, it is known as:

a. a Type I hypersensitivity reaction.
b. an alloimmune disease.
c. an autoimmune disease.
d. an opsonisation reaction.

A

c. an autoimmune disease.

30
Q

A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft-tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:

a. histamine and serotonin.
b. kinins and prostaglandins.
c. vasoconstriction.
d. immune complex formation.

A

b. kinins and prostaglandins.

31
Q

What is the main contributory mechanism to swelling experienced during inflammation?

a. vasodilation
b. stimulation of nerve endings
c. vasoconstriction
d. increased vascular permeability

A

d. increased vascular permeability

32
Q

Inflammation:

a. destroys and or confines injurious agents.
b. stimulates and enhances immunity.
c. promotes healing.
d. all the above.

A

d. all the above.

33
Q

‘Wheal and flare’ reaction is characteristic reaction associated with identification of:

a. Type I hypersensitivity.
b. Type II hypersensitivity.
c. Type III hypersensitivity.
d. Type IV hypersensitivity.

A

a. Type I hypersensitivity.

34
Q

A 30-year-old female presents to her GP complaining of fatigue, excessive sweating and increased appetite. Physical examination reveals protruding eyes, and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production. This disorder falls into which of the following categories?

a. Type I hypersensitivity
b. Type II hypersensitivity
c. Type III hypersensitivity
d. Type IV hypersensitivity

A

b. Type II hypersensitivity

35
Q

Type II hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:

a. damage to cells or tissues mediated by histamine release from mast cells
b. damage to cells or tissues mediated by cytotoxic lymphocytes
c. damage to cells or tissue mediated by deposition of antigen:antibody complexes
d. damage to cells or tissues due mediated by antibodies

A

d. damage to cells or tissues due mediated by antibodies

36
Q

Following deposition of immune complexes in tissues, inflammation is caused by:

a. T lymphocyte activity
b. complement activation and neutrophil activity
c. activation of clotting factors.
d. accumulation of mast cells.

A

Not- d. accumulation of mast cells

Try b.

37
Q

Immunodeficiency diseases occur because of impaired function of:

a. B and T lymphocytes.
b. phagocytic cells.
c. complement.
d. all the above.

A

d. all the above.

38
Q

An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection. Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?

a. interleukin-1
b. interleukin-6
c. interleukin-10
d. interferons

A

a. interleukin-1

39
Q

A child fell off a swing and scraped her knee. The injured area becomes red and painful. Which of the following would also occur at the injured site?

a. vasoconstriction
b. decreased red blood cell concentration
c. fluid movement from tissue to vessels
d. fluid movement from vessels to tissues

A

d. fluid movement from vessels to tissues

40
Q

The correct sequence of events for the cellular response to inflammation and phagocytosis:

a. pavementing, degranulation, adherence to the target, ingestion and phagosome formation, fusion with lysosomes inside the phagocyte, destruction of the target by lysosomal enzymes.
b. diapedesis, pavementing, phagosome formation, adherence to the target, destruction of the target by lysosomal enzymes.
c. adherence to the target, degranulation, diapedesis, pavementing, destruction of the target by lysosomal enzymes.
d. pavementing, diapedesis, adherence to the target, ingestion and phagosome formation, fusion with lysosomes inside the phagocyte, destruction of the target.

A

d. pavementing, diapedesis, adherence to the target, ingestion and phagosome formation, fusion with lysosomes inside the phagocyte, destruction of the target.

41
Q

Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response?

a. Type I, II and III
b. Type I, II and IV
c. Type II, III and IV
d. Type I, III and IV

A

a. Type I, II and III

42
Q

In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for:

a. HLA type.
b. Rh antigen.
c. immunoglobulins.
d. platelet compatibility.

A

b. Rh antigen.

Human Pathophys HLT221 (13 decks)

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