Quiz 6 Flashcards
Urolithiasis is most common in ____ and the majority are ______.
Most are composed of ______ ______. others like stag-horn stones are composed of _______ ammonium phosphate. most renal stones are formed in the calayx, renal pelvis and bladder.
the clinical complaints are ______ back pains in the back and radiating pain into the groin with hematauria.
complications include hydronephrosis and _____ ______.
men
unilateral
calcium oxalate
magnesium
colicky
renal failure
__________ refers to dialation of the renal pelvis and flatening of the calyces with eventual compression atrophy of the cortex and ______.
the etiology includes: renal stones, cervical and endometrial cancer, ______ ______ ________ and bladder and urethral cancer.
hydronephrosis
medulla
benign prostatic hyperplasia
Renal cell carcinoma is an adenocarcinoma of the ______ convoluted tubule; it is the most common primary kidney cancer. it is most common in ____ and normally happens to those in their ____-____. there is an association between this and smoking, familial predisposition and ___ ____ _____ syndrome. this adenocarcinoma occurs in the ____ ____ of the kidney and invades the capsule, renal vein, IVC and the heart.
the clinical presentations are PAINLESS ______, plank pain, metastisis to _____ most commonly (60% cannonball), liver, bone and periaortic lymph nodes.
proximal
males
60s- 70s
Von Hippel Lindau
upper pole
hematuria
lungs
continuation of renal cell carcinoma:
there is a ectopic hormone relationship that is characteristic of this cancer:
PTH causig __________
________ causing polycythemia
_____ causing hypertension
gonadotropins causing feminization or masculanation
cortisol causing ______syndrome
hypercalcemia
Erythropoietin
Renin
cushing’s
Wilm’s tumor AKA _________ affects children under __ years old equally between males and females. this tumor is inherited as autosomal _______. it is most often unilateral and shows grayish fleshy areas with regions of hemorrhage and invasion of the renal vein. some clinical findings are ______ (congenital absense of the iris) and hemihypertrophy of an extremity.
it commonly metastasizes to the ____ (80%), lymph nodes, liver and bones
nephroblastoma
5
dominant
aniridia
lungs
______ is inflamation of the bladder; it is secondary to a bacterial infection by _____ (most commonly), proteus, klebsiella and staph. saprophyticus.
acute cystitis= ________ exudate, granular mucosa and ulcer formation
chronic cystitis= ________ exudate, fibrosis and loss of elasticity
lab findings- _____ (increased leukocytes); good response to antibiotics/ therapy
Cystitis
E. Coli
suppurative
mononuclear
pyuria
________ _______ ______ is the most common primary cancer of the bladder (90% of the time); it occurs in _____ over the age of ___. it is highly related to _____ dye. this cancer occurs on the lateral wall near the _____ of the bladder. papillary cancers are a low grade but flat lesions are a higher grade. the most common metastatic sites are regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs and bones.
clinical findings include: _______ hematuria, dysuria, urgency, frequency, hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. diagnosis is with urine ______ and biopsy
Transitional Cell carcinoma
males
50
Aniline
trigone
painless
cytocology
_______ ____ ______ of the bladder is rare (only 5% of bladder tumors), these tumors occur in individuals in geographic locations such as ______. it has a strong relationship with a ______ infection (Schistosomiasis or schistosoma hematobium); characteristic poorly differentiations of ________, most commonly due to ________ of the mucosa. the prognosis is poor
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
egypt
parasitic
keritanization
metaplasia
