Quiz 1 Flashcards
Multifocal, granulomatous inflammation of the temporal
artery and/or external carotid arteries in female patients over 50 years old, the granuloma contains multinucleated giant cells sometimes accompanied by Polymyalgia rheumatica (pain & stiffness of the neck & shoulders)
Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
“Pulseless disease” cell mediated allergy (type4) causing
granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch and HLA
•leading to fibrosis of the tunica media and weak pulse especially in the upper extremities.
•Weak pulse and low BP
Takayasu’s arteritis
necrotizing inflammation of small & medium arteries due to immune complex deposition (type 3 allergy)
•Male middle age.
•Causing irregular aneurysmal dilatation, nodular swelling of the vessels of some organs (kidney, heart, EXCEPT lungs), leading to vascular obstruction & organ infarction
•Most common cause of death is renal failure
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
•Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the small to medium sized arteries (veins or capillaries) of the lungs & kidneys
•Male middle age
•Due to immune complex (Type … allergy)
•hemoptysis & hematuria
•Lab: anti- neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
(ANCA) or (C-ANA)
Wegener’s granulomatosis
•Inflammation of the small vessels, affects mainly the skin.
•2 types:
•1. Henoch-Schonlein purpura: palpable bleeding under the skin, hematuria, arthritis of the children
**2. Churg-Strauss syndrome : asthma in young person, vasculitis, & eosinophilia
Hypersensitivity angitis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
palpable bleeding under the skin, hematuria, arthritis of the children
Churg-Strauss syndrome
asthma in young person, vasculitis, & eosinophilia
Broken capillaries that elevate the skin are called _________.
Purpura
- YOUNG , MALE, SMOKERS, certain area (India, Japan…)
- vasculitis of tibial & radial arteries
- may cause gangrene
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s disease)
- Vasospasm of small arteries in hands & feet
- MC in young Female
- very rare causes gangrene
Raynaud’s disease
- A febrile illness (arteritis) often the coronary arteries
- MC in children younger than 4 years old
- It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the US
Kawasaki’s disease
- MC in veins (legs)
* Varicose veins
Thrombophlebitis
•dilated, tortuous veins, MC female, family history, pain, bleeding,…lead to stasis dermatitis
Varicose veins
- cellulitis with red streak to the lymph nodes
* severe pain
Acute lymphangitis
Interstitial fluid accumulation due to lymphatic obstruction, non- pitting edema MC after surgery
Lymphedema
Atheroma= fibrofatty plaques in the tunica intima (endothelium) Most common Cause: Age, Family, increase in LDL, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obese, stress
Atherosclerosis
•affects intima & media of small arteries with old age,
diabetes, hypertension
•mainly renal arterioles causes narrowing of the
lumen
•is under the umbrella of Arteriolosclerosis
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
- is under the umbrella of Arteriolosclerosis
- with severe hypertension Diastolic >120 mmHg
- affects small arteries of kidney, intestine & ..
- affects intima causes concentric laminated (onion ring) thickness of the wall
Hperplastic arteriolosclerosis
- Affects T. media of small & medium sized a. causes hard like a rock & tortuous
- Elderly Male
- X-ray = calcifications
Monckeberg’s medial calcific sclerosis
• Abnormal dilatation that can be Atherosclerotic
Aneurysm
- endarteritis obliterans
- Aortic regurgitation
- Water Hammer pulse
Syphilitic aneurysm
- most likely in the Circle of Willis
- young age
- Due to congenital disease
- associated with:polycystic, coarctation,
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
Berry aneurysm
a vascular tumor that is:
•benign, uncapsulated (not capsulated) tumor
•bright red, mainly cosmetic disturbance
Capillary hemangioma
benign, uncapsulated tumor of large cavernous blood
spaces. red-blue,if it affects the cerebellum, called: Lindau- Von Hippel disease
Cavernous hemangioma
•abnormal dilatation of small vessels (arterioles or capillaries)
• 2 types:
a. spider naevi: arterioles, associated with pregnancy or liver cirrhosis
b. Nevus flammus (birth markers): at birth & fade away.
Vascular ectasis (telangiectasis)
malignant vascular tumor that affects the skin, breast & liver
Angiosarcomas
- Dilated vascular spaces causing petichae
- nodular lesions
- associated with AIDS & aggressive
Kaposi’s sarcoma
