QUIZ 6 Flashcards
Posterior muscles of the pectoral girdle -
Trapezius
etymology, origin, insertion, action, basic functional movement
Superficial back muscles
Trapezi → trapezoid shape (diamond)
Origin
* External occipital protuberance
* Ligamentum nuchae
* C7 - T12
Insertion
* Clavicle
* Acromion
* Spine of the scapula
Action
* Upward rotation & elevation scapula (superior / upper fibers)
* Retraction of scapula (middle fibers)
* Depression & upward rotation of scapula (inferior fibers)
* Scapular stabilization
Basic Functional movement:
* Painting the ceiling (upper & lower fibers)
Levator scapulae
etymology, origin, insertion, action, basic functional movement
Levator → raise
* Origin ⇒ transverse process of C1 - C4
* Insertion ⇒ posterior surface of medial border of scapula (superior section)
* Action ⇒ elevates + rotates scapula downwards
* Basic functional movement ⇒ carrying a heavy bag
Scapula rotates ____ when the scapula is ____, and ____ when it is ____
upward → abducted
downward → adducted
Rhomboids
etymology, 2 types, origin, inseriton, action, basic functional movement
Rhomboid → diamond-shaped
Rhomboid major (inferior)
Rhomboid minor
Origin
* R. major ⇒ T2 - T5
* R. minor ⇒ C7 - T1
Insertion
* R. major ⇒ medial border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula
* R. minor ⇒ medial border of scapula at root of spine of scapula
Action
* Elevation + retraction of scapula
Basic functional / sport-related movement
* Pulling smth towards you (opening drawer)
* Seated rows
* Archery
muscles involved in scapular retraction and protraction
RETRACTION of scapula medially & posteriorly (i.e. pulling oars in a rowboat)
Main muscles:
* RHOMBOID
* TRAPEZIUS
PROTRACTION of scapula laterally & anteriorly (i.e. push-up or punching)
Main muscles:
* PECTORALIS MINOR
* SERRATUS ANTERIOR
muscles of the shoulder (axial origin)
position, characteristics, origin, insertion, action, basic movement
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major
characteristics, origin, insertion, action, basic movement
Major - larger
Superficial to pectoralis minor
Large, thick, fan-shaped muscle
Origin
* Clavicular head of muscle ⇒ clavicle
* Sternocostal head of muscle sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 - sternocostal head
* Rectus sheath ⇒ abdominal head
- Insertion ⇒ intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action
* Glenohumeral joint ⇒ flexion, adduction, internal rotation
* Shoulder / arm flexion by clavicular head
* Shoulder / arm extension by sternocostal head from flexed position
Basic functional movement:
* Applying deodorant to opposite armpit
* Pulling something from above
latissimus dorsi
characteristics, origin, insertion, action, basic movement
Broad-triangular muscle located on the inferior part of the back
Forms most of the axilla’s (armpit) posterior wall
Latissimus → widest
Dorsi → back
Origin
* T7 - L5
* Sacrum
* Ilium
* Ribs 9-12 (thoracolumbar fascia)
- Insertion ⇒ intertubercular sulcus
Action
* Extension
* Adduction
* Medial rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint
* Draws arm inferiorly & posteriorly
Basic functional / sport-related movement
* Pushing on arms of chair to stand up
* Sport climbing
* Gymnastic rings
* Swimming
muscles of the shoulder (scapular origin)
3 types
- Deltoids
- Rotator cuff muscles
a. Supraspinatus
b. Infraspinatus
c. Teres minor
d. Subscapularis - Teres major
deltoids
Thick muscle covering the shoulder joint
Forms rounded contour of shoulder
Usual site for intramuscular injection
Technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles
Origin
* Anterior fibers ⇒ lateral ⅓ of scapula
* Lateral fibers ⇒ acromion of scapula
* Posterior fibers ⇒ inferior edge of spine of scapula
- Insertion ⇒ deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action
* Lateral fibers ⇒ arm abduction
* Anterior fibers ⇒ medial rotation of arm
* Posterior fibers ⇒ extension & lateral rotation of arm
Basic movement example
* Reaching for smth out to the side
* Raising the arm to waive
Sport movement
* Javelin
* Shot put
* Racket sport
teres major
origin, insertion, action, basic movement, sports
- Origin ⇒ inferior angle of scapula
- Insertion ⇒ intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action
* Extends arm at shoulder joint + assists in adduction & medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint
Basic functional movement example ⇒ reaching back pocket
Sports example
* Rowing
* Cross country skiing
rotator cuff muscles
etymology, components, structure & movement, function, prone to what
Cuff → smth (such as a part of a sleeve) that encircles a structure
Consists of flat tendons of the…
* Subscapularis
* Supraspinatus
* Infraspinatus
* Teres minor muscles
Forms a nearly complete circle around the shoulder joint
* Circumduction
F: stabilizes shoulder
Prone to wear & tear injuries
Common in: baseball (pitchers), volleyball, racquet sports, swimming
subscapularis
origin, insertion, action, basic movement, sport
- Origin ⇒ subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion ⇒ lesser tubercle of humerus - Action ⇒ medial rotation of arm at the shoulder
- Basic movement ⇒ reaching back pocket
- Sports ⇒ throwing events
supraspinatus
characteristic, origin, insertion, aciton, basic movement, sports, prone
Rounded muscle located in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula
- Origin ⇒ supraspinous fossa of the scapula
- Insertion ⇒ greater tubercle of humerus
- Action ⇒ arm abduction
- Basic movement ⇒ holding a shopping bag away from the body
— Highly subjected to wear & tear
Sports
* Baseball
* Golf
impingement syndrome
for which muscle, cause, aggravated by…
part: supraspinatus
CAUSE → due to compression of tendon especially during overhead arm movement
* Aggravated by poor pressure
