Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SS 102 > QUIZ 4 > Flashcards

QUIZ 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical section of the vertebral column

A
  • 7 vertebrae
  • Neck regions
  • Moveable
  • Convex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

C1 (atlas)

A
  • Ring
  • Articulates at the occipital condyle at the occipital bone
  • Forms atlanto-occipital joint
  • Allows “yes” movement
  • ONLY 1 LACKING vertebral body & spinous process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

C2 (axis)

A
  • Has a vertebral body
  • DENS / ODONTOID PROCESS ⇒ peglike structure
  • Permits head rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

C7 (vertebra prominens)

A
  • Non-bifid spinous process (ISNT divisible into 2 at the end)
  • Seen & felt at the base of the neck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thoracic section of the vertebral column

of vertebrae, fun fact, con__, movement it permits, prominent features

A
  • 12 vertebrae
  • LARGER & STRONGER than Cervical vertebrae
  • Concave
  • Movable → flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
  • Has COSTAL FACETS (articular surface for RIBS)
    —Facets
    —Demifacets (half a facet)

VERTEBROCOSTAL JOINTS → articulations bet. thoracic vertebrae & ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lumbar section of the vertebral column (# of vertebrae, concave/convex, fun fact, function, structure

A
  • 5 vertebrae
  • Convex
  • LARGEST + STRONGEST of the unfused bones
    —SHORT + THICK projections
  • F: Supports body weight
  • Structure: Quadrilateral spinous process (squarish)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sacral section of the vertebral column

A
  • Triangular bone
  • Made of 5 FUSED BONES
  • Concave
  • Base (superior)
  • Apex (inferior)

Prominent Features:
- SACRAL PROMONTORY ⇒ projecting border of the base (on top of S1)
- SACRAL FORAMEN ⇒ contains nerves & BVs
- SACROILIAC JOINT ⇒ connects w/ ilium of each hip bone (auricular surface)
- LUMBOSACRAL JOINT ⇒ connects base of sacrum & L5
- SACRAL CORNU ⇒ connects to coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coccygeal section

A
  • Aka tailbone
  • Triangular
  • Fused 4 coccygeal vertebrae
  • Sex-differences
    — Females ⇒ points inferiorly (for passage of baby during birth)
    — Males ⇒ points anteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sternum

aka, structure, position

A
  • Aka breastbone
  • Flat, narrow bone
  • Anterior thoracic wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sternum: 3 main parts + 2 other features

A
  1. MANUBRIUM → superior
  2. BODY → middle & largest part
  3. XIPHOID PROCESS → inferior & smallest part
    — DOESNT have rib attachments
    — for CARDIORESPIRATORY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
  4. STERNAL ANGLE → junction of manubrium & body
  5. SUPRASTERNAL NOTCH → superior depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 articulations of the sternum

A
  1. STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINTS → at the manubrium via clavicular notch (collar bone)
  2. STERNOCOSTAL JOINTS → connected to ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ribs

of ribs, function

A
  • 12 pairs of ribs
  • F: cases the internal organs (heart + lungs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 types of ribs

A
  1. true ribs
  2. false ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

true ribs

number of ribs, what it connects to + what connects it

A
  • Ribs 1-7
  • Costal cartilage
  • Bc connected to the sternum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

false ribs

A
  • Ribs 8-12
  • Indirectly attaches to sternum (8-10)
  • Attached to RIB 7
  • Floating ribs (11-12)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

articulations of the rib

A
  • Posterior tubercle w/ transverse process
  • Head of rib connects to inferior + superior demifacets of the thoracic vertebra
  • Facet: 1 rib
17
Q

sections + subsections of the appendicular skeletal system

A
  1. pectoral (shoulder) girdles (4)
    — clavicle (2)
    — scapula (2)
  2. upper limbs (60)
    — humerus (2)
    — ulna (2)
    — radius (2)
    — carpals (16)
    — metacarpals (10)
    — phalanges (28)
  3. pelvic (hip) girdle (2)
    — hip, pelvic or coxal bone (2)
  4. lower limbs (60)
    — femur (2)
    — patella (2)
    — fibula (2)
    — tibia (2)
    — tarsals (14)
    — metatarsals (10)
    — phalanges (28)
18
Q

6 types of synovial joints (+classified based on what)

A
  • classified based on movement
  1. plane
  2. hinge
  3. pivot
  4. condyloid
  5. saddle
  6. ball and socket
19
Q

plane joints (aka, 3 types of movement, examples)

A
  • aka planar joint
  1. Gliding
    — Usually short bone to short bone
  2. Permits ____ movements bet. flat surfaces of bones
    a) Back-and-forth
    b) Side-to-side
  3. Can rotate against one another

Ex.
i. Intercarpal joints
ii. Intertarsal joints
iii. Sternoclavicular joint

20
Q

hinge joints (analogy, structure, ___axial, type of movement, examples)

A
  • Similar to opening & closing of door
  • Observed when convex surface of 1 bone fits in the concave surface on another bone
  • Monoaxial / uniaxial
  • Movement: flexion + extension

Ex.
i. Knee joint (modified hinge)
ii. Elbow
iii. Ankle
iv. Interphalangeal joints (toes / fingers)

21
Q

pivot joints (___joint, structure, ___axial, examples)

A
  • Trochoid joints (joint wherein 1 element rotates on its own axis
  • Rounded process of bone rotates w/in a sleeve or ring
  • Uniaxial ⇒ permit rotation around a central axis

Ex.
i. Atlantoaxial joint
ii. Radioulnar joint

22
Q

condyloid joints (origin, ___joint, structure, ___axial, examples)

A
  • Condyl- (n. knuckle)
  • Ellipsoidal joint (allows movements in all angular motions)
  • Convex oval shaped projection to oval shaped depression
  • Biaxial → permits flexion / extension + abduction / adduction

Ex.
i. Radiocarpal (wrist)
ii. Metacarpophalangeal joints of the 2nd + 4th digits

23
Q

saddle joint (structure, type of movements, ___axial, example)

A
  • Articular surface of 1 bone = saddle-shaped
    — Articular surface of other bone fits into the “saddle”
  • Movement:
    — Abduction / adduction
    — Flexion / extension
  • Biaxial

Ex. thumb

24
Q

ball and socket joint (structure, ___axial, type of movements, examples)

A
  • Consists of a ball-like surface of 1 bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone
  • Tri-axial
  • Movement: circumduction movements

Ex. hip bone + femur (hip joint), shoulder joint

25
Q

appendicular skeletal system (# of bones, origin, connected to what)

A
  • 126 bones
  • Appendic (def.) → to hang into
  • Connected to the axial skeletal system
26
Q

4 divisions of the appendicular system

A
  1. Pectoral girdle
  2. Upper limbs
  3. Pelvic (hip) girdle
  4. Lower limbs
27
Q

2 parts of the pectoral girdle

A
  1. clavicle
  2. scapula
28
Q

clavicle (aka, shape, position, articulations)

A
  • aka Collar bone
  • S-shaped bone
  • Superior to first rib

Articulations:

  • STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
    w/ Manubrium of sternum
  • ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
    w/ scapula at its acromion process
29
Q

scapula (aka, shape, position, boundaries, anterior, posterior & lateral view + parts, landmarks + markings)

A
  • aka shoulder blade
  • Large, triangular, flat bone
  • Situated in the superior part of the posterior thorax
    — Bet. 2nd & 7th ribs

BOUNDARIES
- Lateral border
- Medial border
- Inferior angle
- Superior angle

A. ANTERIOR view = flat

Anterior parts:
- Processes
a. Acromion process
b. Coracoid process

  • Depression
    c. Subscapular fossa

B. POSTERIOR view = has spine

Posterior parts:
- Process
a. Spine of scapula

  • Depressions
    b. Supraspinous fossa
    c. Infraspinous fossa

C. LATERAL view = glenoid fossa + glenohumeral joint

Parts:
a. Glenoid cavity / fossa → shallow depression
— Inferior to acromion
b. Accepts the head of the humerus (arm bone) to form the GLENOHUMERAL (SHOULDER) JOINT

LANDMARKS + MARKINGS

  1. Spine of the scapula
    — Runs diagonally across the posterior surface of the scapula
  2. Acromion
    — (acrom- topmost; -omos shoulder) → found at lateral end of scapula
    — Felt as high point of shoulder
30
Q

6 parts of the upper limbs

A
  1. humerus
  2. ulna
  3. radius
  4. carpals
  5. metacarpals
  6. phalanges
31
Q

humerus (aka, fun fact, articulations, markings / parts)

A
  • aka arm bone
  • Longest + largest bone of upper limb

ARTICULATIONS
- Articulates proximally w/ scapula
- Articulates distally w/ 2 bones, ulna & radius
— Forms ELBOW JOINTS

MARKINGS / PARTS
1. Head → proximal part which articulates w/ glenoid cavity to form the GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

  1. Anatomical neck → former site of the growth plate for adult humerus
  2. Greater tubercle → lateral projection lateral to anatomical neck (laterally palpable inferior to acromion)
  3. Lesser tubercle → anterior projection
  4. Intertubercular sulcus → groove
  5. Surgical neck → constriction at distal to the tubercles which is a common site for fractures
  6. Body (shaft) → roughly cylindrical structure
  7. Deltoid tuberosity → lateral roughened v-shaped area of the body which serves as attachment point for deltoid muscle
  8. Radial groove → runs along deltoid tuberosity which contains the radial nerve (funny bone)
  9. Radial fossa → anterior depression of the capitulum which articulates w/ the head of the radius when arm is flexed (bent)
  10. Capitulum (capit. -head) → rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the bone which articulates w/ the head of the radius
  11. Trochea (pulley) → medial to capitulum which articulates w/ the trochlear notch of the ulna
  12. Coronoid fossa (crown) → anterior depression receiving coronoid process of the ulna when arm = flexed
  13. Olecranon fossa → large posterior depression receives the olecranon of ulna during extension of the arm
  14. Medial & lateral epicondyles → rough projections at the distal end of the humerus which are attachment points of muscle tendons
32
Q

shoulder joint (aka, type of joint, 4 anatomical components)

A
  • aka glenohumeral joint
  • TYPE OF JOINT: Ball & Socket

ANATOMICAL COMPONENTS:
1. ARTICULAR CAPSULE

  1. LIGAMENTS
    — Coracohumeral ligament
    — Glenohumeral ligament
    — Transverse humeral ligament
  2. GLENOID LABRUM
    — Narrow rim of fibrocartilage around the glenoid cavity which slightly deepens + enlarges the glenoid cavity
  3. BURSAE (3)
    — Closed sacs which function to reduce friction in some joints
33
Q

ulna (location, fun fact, 5 markings & features)

A

LOCATION
- Medial aspect (pinky side) of the forearm
- Longer forearm bone (½)

MARKINGS & FEATURES
1. Olecranon → proximal end which forms the prominence of the elbow

  1. Coronoid process → anterior projection which articulates w/ the trochlea of the humerus
  2. Trochlear notch → large curved area bet. olecranon & coronoid process that forms part of the elbow joint
  3. Ulnar tuberosity → attachment point for biceps
  4. Styloid process → pointed distal end of the ulna; attachment for the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist
34
Q

radius

position, fun fact, 2 parts

A
  • Smaller forearm bone
  • Lateral aspect of forearm
  • Thumb side
  • Proximal end has a disc shaped head → circular & flat

PARTS:
1. Styloid process → pointed distal end of the radius which is palpable proximal of the thumb

  1. Radial tuberosity → serves as attachment for the tendon of the biceps
35
Q

elbow joint (what it connects, type of joint, 2 articulations)

A
  • Articulation bet. the humerus, radius and ulna
  • TYPE OF JOINT: Hinge joint

2 ARTICULATIONS:
1. HEAD OF THE RADIUS → capitulum of humerus

  1. TROCHLEAR NOTCH OF THE ULNA → trochlea of humerus
36
Q

Radius / ulna (RADIOULNAR)

what joints them + F, articulations

A
  1. INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE
    - Joins shaft of radius & ulna
    - F: Provides attachment of deep forearm skeletal muscles

ARTICULATIONS (PIVOT JOINTS)

  1. PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR ARTICULATION
    - Radius articulates w/ ulna’s radial notch
    — Proximal radioulnar joint
  2. DISTAL RADIOULNAR ARTICULATION
    - Head of the ulna articulates w/ the ulnar notch of the radius
    — Distal radioulnar joint
37
Q

wrist joint

aka, articulation

A

aka RADIOCARPAL JOINT
- Articulation bet. Distal end of radius w/ 3 wrist bones:
— Scaphoid
— Lunate
— Triquetrum

SS 102 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions