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SS 102 > QUIZ 1 > Flashcards

QUIZ 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy vs physiology

A

A: structures

P: functions

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2
Q

6 levels of organization

A
  1. chemical (smallest)
  2. cellular
  3. tissue
  4. organ
  5. system
  6. organismal
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3
Q

chemical level

unit, examples, fun fact

A
  • atoms (smallest unit) combine to produce essential molecule
  • Common: C, H, O, N, P, Ca, S
  • Ex. of a molecule: DNA
  • Not “alive” yet (physics aspect)
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4
Q

cellular level

unit, fun fact

A
  • combination of molecules forms cells (basic structural & functional units of life)
  • “Alive” already
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5
Q

tissue level

unit, 4 types

A
  • combination of cells & surrounding material to perform a function

TYPES:
1. Epithelial ⇒ organ linings
2. Connective ⇒ cartilage, bones
3. Muscular ⇒ muscles
4. Nervous ⇒ conducts electrical impulses to receiving organs (causing it to act)

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6
Q

organ level

unit, example

A
  • composed of 2+ tissues that performs a specific function
  • Ex. stomach = combo of epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues
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7
Q

system level

unit, fun fact

A
  • groups of organs that perform a common function
  • Organs can be involved in more than 1 system (ex. Pancreas ⇒ digestive + endocrine)
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8
Q

organismal level

A

living individual

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9
Q

4 approaches to anatomy

A
  1. systemic
  2. regional
  3. surface
  4. clinical
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10
Q

systemic approach

A

how organ systems work together to carry out complex functions

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11
Q

regional approach

aka, definition, examples

A
  • Aka topographical anatomy
  • organizes the body into major parts / segments
  • Ex. major parts of the body
    —head
    —neck
    —thorax
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12
Q

surface approach

definition, methods

A
  • what lies under the skin + structures perceptible to touch (palpable) in the body (at rest & in action)

METHODS:
- observing external structures (ex. Physical examination)

  • Palpation: via observation, listening (ex. pulse) OR feeling superficial structures
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13
Q

clinical approach

definition, incorporates which other approaches, stress ____

A
  • emphasizes aspects of structures & function
  • Incorporates regional & systemic
  • Stresses clinical applications
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14
Q

the anatomical position

A
  • Upright position
  • Toes directed anteriorly
  • Arms adjacent to the sides
    — Palms facing anteriorly
    -Lower limbs close together w/ parallel feet
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15
Q

3 anatomical axes

A
  1. Craniocaudal / longitudinal axis
  2. Frontal / horizontal axis
    — Right to left
  3. Sagittal / anteroposterior / dorsoventral axis
    — Front to back
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16
Q

4 anatomical planes

A
  1. frontal plane
  2. sagittal plane
  3. median plane
  4. transverse plane
17
Q

frontal plane

for the brain, what it passes through, how it divides the body

A
  • For the brain → CORONAL PLANE
  • Vertical planes passing through the body from left to right
  • Divides body into ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR regions
18
Q

sagittal plane

axes, parallel to the , all ____ are ____ but not all ____ are ____

A
  • Axes: longitudinal + anteroposterior axis
  • Vertical plane parallel to the median plane
    — MEDIAN PLANE (aka mid-sagittal) → passes longitudinally + dividing the body into right & left halves
    — All median plane are sagittal but not all sagittal planes are medial
19
Q

median plane

how it divides the body, for hands & feet

A
  • Vertical, longitudinal plane
  • Divides body into right & left PERFECT SYMMETRICAL HALVES
  • Separate for hands & feet
20
Q

transverse plane

axes, how it divides the body

A
  • Axes → frontal + anteroposterior
  • Horizontal plane dividing the body into SUPERIOR (UPPER) & INFERIOR (LOWER)
21
Q

2 anatomical sections

what planes they’re based from

A
  1. Longitudinal section → based from mid-sagittal / frontal planes
  2. Cross sections → based from transverse plane
22
Q

15 terms of relationship & comparison

4 (6), reference to medial plane, has a reference point, layers, H/F

(6), 2, 2, 3, 2

A

Compares structures relative to each other ONLY WITH RESPECT TO THE ANATOMICAL POSITION

  1. Superior (upper)
  2. Inferior (lower)
  3. Anterior (front)
    — Ventral
    — Rostral
  4. Posterior (back)
    — Dorsal

REFERENCE IS THE MEDIAN PLANE:
5. Medial (closer to the center)
6. Lateral (farther from the center)

SHOULD HAVE A REFERENCE POINT
7. Proximal (nearer to the trunk / point of origin)
8. Distal (farther from the trunk / point of origin)

LAYERS
9. Superficial (nearer to the surface)
10. Intermediate (middle) ⇒ should have 2 reference points
11. Deep (farther from the surface)
Ex. cross-section of the arm
— Bone = deep
— Muscles = intermediate
— Skin = superficial

ONLY HANDS & FEET
12. Palmar / palm (anterior) vs dorsal/um (posterior)
13. Plantar / sole (inferior) vs dorsal/um (superior)

SS 102 (8 decks)

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