Quiz 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What role does that Integumentary system play in the body?

A

1) Protection
2) Sensation
3) Thermoregulation

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2
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

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3
Q

What layer is the epidermis

A

Outermost

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4
Q

What is the epidermis primarily composed of?

A

Keratinocytes which produce the protein keratin.

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5
Q

What does keratin do?

A

Makes our skin waterproof and provides protection against environmental hazards

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6
Q

Layers of the Epidermis

A

Stratum….
Corneum
Lucidum
Granolosum
Spinosum
Basale

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7
Q

Describe Stratum Corneum

A

Outermost layer of Epidermiscomprised of dead, flat cells filled with keratin. These cells are continuously shed and replaced by new cells from the deeper layers.

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8
Q

Describe Stratum lucidum

A

Present mainly in thick skin such as palms and soles

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9
Q

Describe Stratum Granulosum

A

-Cells begin to flatten out and lose their nucleus and organelles
- Water proof the skin

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10
Q

Describe Stratum Spinosum

A
  • This layer of the epidermis consists of keratinocytes that are maturing and producing more and more keratin
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11
Q

Describe Stratum Basale

A

-The innermost layer where new skin cells form
- Melanocytes also found here

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12
Q

Where is melanin produced

A
  • Stratum Basale
  • Gives skin its color and offers protection against UV radiation
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13
Q

Describe the Dermis

A

-Thicker than epidermis
-Responsible for the skin’s elasticity and strength
- Rich in blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles and sweat glands

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14
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A

Papillary Region and Reticular region

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15
Q

Describe the Papillary Region

A

• Upper most part of dermis that contains thin collagen and elastin fibers.
- has finger-like projections called dermal papillae that interlaces with epidermis and provides it with nutrients and helps regulate temperature

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16
Q

Describe the Reticular Region

A

•deeper and thicker area of the dermis
- consists of dense irregular connective tissue containing thick collagen fibers which provides strength and elasticity of skin.

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17
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Predominant fibers in the dermis which provides strength and resilience
- makes up 70% of dermis and helps resist tearing and stretching

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18
Q

Elastic fibers

A

•allows skin to return to its original position after being stretched

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19
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells responsible for producing collagen and other fibers

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20
Q

Blood vessels

A

Nourish the skin and help in thermoregulation

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21
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Drain lymph from the dermal area playing a role in immune defense

22
Q

MeiSsner’s corpuscles

A

• Sensitive to light touch

23
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

• Sensitive to deep pressure and vibration

24
Q

Ruffini endings

A

Respond to sustained pressure and skin stretching

25
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Pain and temperature sensation
-found in epidermis

26
Q

Hypodermis ( subcutaneous layer)

A

•not technically part of skin
-binds the skin to the underlying tissues primarily made up of adipose andloose CT.
- acts as on insulator conserving body heat and protecting thebody from mechanical shocks

27
Q

Thick skin

A
  • Hairless
    Found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
28
Q

Thin skin

A
  • Typically possesses hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and fewer eccrine sweet glands
29
Q

Structure of the nail

A

1) nail plate
2)nail bed
3) cuticle
4)nail matrix
5)lunula
6) nail folds
7)hyponychium

30
Q

Nail plate

A

Most visible part of the nail
- pinkish hue is due to the blood vessels beneath the nail bed

31
Q

Nail bed

A

Located beneath the nail plate and is a layer of skin that nourishes the nail.

32
Q

Cuticle

A
  • Thin layer of skin at the base of the nail that covers and protects the new keratin cells emerging from the nail root
  • Acts as a barrier against pathogens and external contaminants
33
Q

Nail Matrix

A
  • Underneath cuticle
  • Consists of rapidly dividing cells which produce the nail
34
Q

Lunula

A

Half moon shaped white section at the base of the nail
- Portion of the nail matrix

35
Q

Nail Folds

A

Surrounding the nail plate, ridges of skin that frame and support the nail on three sides

36
Q

Hyponychium

A

Acts as a seal keeping out debris and bacteria

37
Q

Functions of the nail

A

1) Protection
2) Enhanced sensation
3) Manipulation
4) Temperature regulation

38
Q

Nail Clubbing

A

Softening of the nail bed with an increased curvature of the nail which can be indicative of conditions like lung disease, cardiovascular disease, or liver disease

39
Q

Nail Pitting

A

Small depression on nail surface that might suggest conditions like psoriasis or alopecia areata

40
Q

Sebaceous Gland Function

A

1) Sebum Production
2) Skin Lubrication
3) Protection

Relevance: Overactive sebaceous glands leads to acne while inadequate sebum production result in dry and flaky skin

41
Q

Eccrine Glands

A
  • Most numerous sweat glands distributed almost all over the body with a higher concentration on the palms, soles, and forehead
42
Q

Eccrine gland function

A

1) Thermoregulation: Producing sweat
2) Excreting Wastes

43
Q

Apocrine Glands Location

A

1) Armpits and groin

44
Q

Apocrine gland function

A

1) Scent Production
2) Lubrication

45
Q

Layers of the hair shaft

A

1) Medulla: Innermost core, not always present in every hair type
2): Cortex: Contains the bulk of hair’s structure including pigments that give hair its color
3) Cuticle: Protective shield

46
Q

Function of Hair follicle

A

Anchors each hair into the dermis

47
Q

Bulb

A

Lower part of the follicle where hair growth begins

48
Q

Parts of the Hair Follicle

A

1) bulb
2) papilla
3) Sebaceous Gland
4) Arrector pills muscle

49
Q

Papilla

A

Located within the bulb contains capillaries and nerve endings

50
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Secretes sebum to keep the hair lubricated and shiny

51
Q

Arrector Pilli Muscle

A

A tiny muscle that when contracted causes the hair to stand erect innervated by the sympathetic division of the ANS