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DPTD 733 > Quiz 3: Hematology > Flashcards

Quiz 3: Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Blood

A

1) transportation; moves respiratory gases, nutrients and hormones throughout body cells

2) regulation:help maintain body pH and temperature

3)protection: through clotting mechanisms

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2
Q

Components of blood

A

1) plasma ( extracellular fluid) 2) formed elements such as RBC’S WBC’s and platelets

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of plasma proteins

A

1) Albumin
2) Globulins
3) Coagulation Proteins

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4
Q

Function of Albumin

A

Contributes to blood viscosity(thickness) and maintains blood pressure

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5
Q

Function of Globulins

A

Carrier molecules

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6
Q

Function of Coagulation Proteins

A

Formation of blood clots

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7
Q

Red Blood Cells aka…

A

Erythrocytes

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8
Q

White blood cells aka…

A

Leukocytes

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9
Q

Platelets aka…

A

Thrombocytes

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10
Q

What is Hemopoiesis and where does it occur?

A

•The process of the formation of blood cells.
-located in red bone marrow

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11
Q

What is the largest component of formed elements?

A

RBCs

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12
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC

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13
Q

Low hematocrit =

A

Anemia

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14
Q

High hematocrit =

A

Polycythemia

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15
Q

Function of RBC’s

A

Carry oxygen to tissues of the body

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16
Q

What is Hemoglobin?

A

A protein molecule adapted to carry oxygen

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17
Q

RBC Life cycle

A

Live for only 120 days then they are recycled.

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18
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

A yellow-orange pigmented waste product that is processed in the liver

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19
Q

What happens when Billirubin has problems with processing?

A

Leads to jaundice,a condition of yellowing skin and eyes.

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20
Q

The rate of erythropoises matches the rate of….

A

Production matches destruction

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21
Q

What is a erythroblast

A

Maturing RBCs derived from multipotential

22
Q

What are reticulocytes?

A
  • Immature RBC’S in the blood stream. - develop into mature RBC’S in 1-2 days
23
Q

Relationship between Erythropoiesis and Hypoxia

A

Increases during states of hypoxia. Stimulates kidneys to release erythropoiten

24
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

A

Protect the body through the immune and inflammatory response

25
Q

Ratio of RBCs to WBCs

A

700:1

26
Q

What are Neutrophils?

A
  • Most numerous amount of WBC’s - phagocyte
  • fight bacterial infections
27
Q

What are Monocytes?

A

Spend 2-3 days in the blood before migrating into tissue where they are called macrophages - help digest RBC in the spleen

28
Q

What are Eosinophils?

A

Fight off parasitic infection

29
Q

What are Basophils?

A

Participate in allergy reactions

30
Q

What are Lymphocytes?

A
  • Create antibodies as part of specific immune response
31
Q

Three types of lymphocytes

A

1) B Cells
2) T Cells
3) Natural Killers

32
Q

B Cells function

A

• Create antibodies to target bacteria

33
Q

T cells function

A

•attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, some cancer cells

34
Q

Natural Killers function

A

Attack infectious microbes, some tumor cells

35
Q

Leukocytes Pnemonic

A

Never (Neutrophil)
Let (Lymphocytes)
Monkeys (Monocytes)
Eat (Eosinophil)
Bananas (Basophil)

36
Q

What is Leukopenia?

A

•decreased WBC count (< 5,000 mm). Can indicate a severe disease

37
Q

What are platelets?

A

Aka thrombocytes. Fragments of megakaryotes. Promote blood clotting when released

38
Q

What is Thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelet count (<150,000) which leads to inadequate blood clotting

39
Q

What is Thrombocytosis

A

• High platelet count. Leads to ↑ blood clotting

40
Q

What is Hemostasis

A

Sequence of responses that stops bleeding

41
Q

What are key players in Hemostasis?

A

Platelets, plasma proteins, coagulation factors,

42
Q

Three mechanisms that reduce blood loss

A

1) vascular spasm 2) formation of platelet plug 3) Blood clotting ( coagulation)

43
Q

What is Fibrinolysis?

A

The process of dissolving a clot.

44
Q

Blood Disorders: Problems with RBCs

A

1) Anemia:↓RBC
2) Sickle Cell Disease

45
Q

Blood Disorders: Problems with WBCs

A

Leukemia

46
Q

Blood Disorders: Problems with Hemostasis

A

1) Thrombocytopenia
2) Hemophilia
3) Impaired liver/Lack of vitamin K

47
Q

What is anemia?

A

↓ in RBC #. Can be due to blood loss, iron deficiency, and structurally abnormal hemoglobin

48
Q

What is sickle cell disease?

A

A genetic disorder that leads to a production of faulty hemoglobin

49
Q

What is leukemia?

A

•malignant red bone marrow cancer where WBC’s produce uncontrollably. - reduces function of RBC WBC and platelets

50
Q

What is Hemophilia?

A

X linked recessive hereditary disorder
-uncontrolled bleeding after minor injury

DPTD 733 (11 decks)

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