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DPTD 733 > Quiz 4: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Quiz 4: Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A
  • A complex network of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system (blood stream)
  • Hormones act as chemical messengers that regular a vast array of physiological functions, from metabolism and growth to mood and reproductive system
  • Operates in conjunction with nervous system
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2
Q

Comparison between the endocrine and nervous system

A
  • The nervous system is quicker, but the endocrine system effects last longer
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3
Q

Negative Feedback system

A
  • Most prevalent feedback mechanism
  • Once a particular process reaches its desired end, it sends a signal to halt or reduce the production of the initiating hormone
    Example: When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas secrets insulin. As glucose is taken up by cells and blood glucose levels decline, insulin secretion diminishes.
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4
Q

Positive Feedback

A
  • Amplify initiating stimulus which is less common

Example: LH leading to ovulation in menstrual cycle.

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5
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis (HPT)

A
  • Negative feedback loop that regulates metabolic rate, energy production, and overall growth
  • Hypothalamus Released TRH -> Signals Pituitary gland to release TSH -> Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4 -> Inhibits release of TRH and TSH creating a negative feedback loop.
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6
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis

A
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7
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

A

Regulates digestion, immune response, energy storage, and stress response

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8
Q

Renin Angiotensin system

A

Regulates BP and fluid balance. When BP drops, the kidneys release renin

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9
Q

What are synergistic Interactions

A
  • When two or more hormones producing a combined effect that is greater than their individual effect
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10
Q

What are Antagonistic Interactions?

A

When hormones counteract each other

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11
Q

What are permissive interactions?

A

A hormone facilitates the action of another hormone by creating an environment where the latter can exert its effects more effectively

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12
Q

What are Tropic hormones?

A
  • Primary function is to regulate the secretion of other hormones
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13
Q

What are Hormonal cascades?

A
  • Secretion of one hormone is the result of a series of hormonal interactions
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14
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A
  • Located in the brain, this gland controls many of the body’s hormonal functions by regulating pituitary gland.
  • links endocrine and nervous system to work in synergy.
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15
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

•” master gland”
-secretes hormones that influence other endocrine glands,
-roles in growth,

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16
Q

What is the thyroid gland?

A

• Situated in the neck
- regulates metabolism, energy production and calcium balance.
- secretes T4 and T3

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17
Q

What is the adrenal gland?

A

•positioned atop the kidneys
- produces cortisol and aldosterone

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18
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

•vital for glucose regulation secreting insulin and glucagon

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19
Q

What are the gonads?

A
  • Testes in males
    -ovaries in females
    -responsible for sex hormones
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20
Q

What is the thymus?

A

Responsible for maturation of T lymphocytes

21
Q

What is the pineal gland?

A

Regulates sleep and circadian rhythm.

22
Q

Hormones that play a crucial role in bone metabolism

A

1) Parathyroid
2) Calcitonin
3) Growth Hormone

23
Q

Hormones that are crucial for muscle function and growth

A

1) Testosterone
2) Growth Hormone
3) Insulin

24
Q

Hormones responsible for energy and fatigue

A

1) Thyroid hormones

25
Hormones responsible for stress and recovery
Cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone, influences how our bodies recover from stress, including the physiological stress of exercise.
26
Hormones responsible for fluid and balance
1) Aldosterone 2) Antidiuretic hormone
27
What is the function of Corticotropin-releasing Hormone
- Triggers release of adrenocortictopic hormone from the pituitary gland - ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol - Affects tissue repair, inflammation, general recovery from physical stress
28
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormones function
-Promotes the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone from the pituitary, which in turn influences the thyroid gland to release its hormones
29
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
- Controls release of lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland
30
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
Stimulates release of growth hormone
31
Somatostatin function
Inhibits the release of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone
32
Oxytocin function
- Primarily childbirth and lactation -also plays a role in childbirth and lactation
33
Antidiuretic hormone function
- Regulates water balance in the body impacting blood pressure and homeostasis
34
Pituitary gland location and structure
- Located below hypothalamus - Size of a pea
35
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
1) Adrenocorticotropic hormone 2) Thyroid stimulating Hormone 3) Growth Hormone 4) Follicle Stimulating Hormong and Lutenizing hormone 5) Prolactin
36
Posterior Pituitary hormones
1) Oxytocin 2) Antiduretic hormone
37
Function of Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Stimulates adrenal glands to release cortisol
38
Function of Thyroid stimulating hormone
Regulates thyroid glands of releasing thyroid hormones which govern metabolism and energy/
39
Function of Growth Hormone
Directly affects muscle and bone growth
40
Function for FSH and LH
Regulate the gonads
41
Prolactin function
Governs milk production
42
Where is ADH stored
Produced in hypothalamus, stored in posterior pituitary lobe
43
Where is Oxytocin stored
Posterior lobe of pituitary
44
Thyroid gland Location and Structure
- Location: Lower front of neck - 2 lobes connected by a narrow tissue known as isthmus
45
Three hormones in the thyroid
1) T4 and T3 2) Calcitonin 3) Parathyroid hormone
46
T4 and T3
- Primary hormones produced by thyroid gland that play a crucial role in regulating the body’s metabolism - T4 is created then primarily converted to T3 so both have the same role
47
Calcitonin function
Released by thyroid and plays a role in calcium regulation within the body
48
Parathyroid Hormone
Released by parathyroid and acts oppositely from calcitonin
49
Parathyroid main function
Calcium homeostasis which is critical for bone integrity

DPTD 733 (11 decks)

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