Quiz 2: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the Mediastinum

Answer 1

• The central compartment of the thorax between the two pleural cavities.
• It stretches from the superior thoracic outlet, to the respiratory diaphragm

Question 2

Contents of the mediastinum

Answer 2

Heart
Trachea
Esophagus
Great vessels of the heart
Lymph nodes
Nerves
Fat

Question 3

Location of the Heart

Answer 3

In the middle of the thoracic cavity, in between the lungs, in the middle mediastinum

Question 4

Function of the heart

Answer 4

A muscular pump for propulsion of blood to all parts of the body

Question 5

The right side of the heart receives _________ blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and pumps it to the __________

Answer 5

Deoxygenated, lungs for oxygenation

Question 6

The left side of the heart receives _________ blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins and pumps it __________

Answer 6

Oxygenated,

To the body via the aorta and its branches

Question 7

What is the pericardium

Answer 7

• ## A double layered sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels

Question 8

The three layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep

Answer 8

1) Epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium

Question 9

Epicardium

Answer 9

• Thin outer layer with adipose tissue and blood vessels that supply the heart
• Also the inner layer of pericardium surrounded by pericardial fluid

Question 10

Myocardium

Answer 10

• Thick middle layer composed of cardiac muscle that facilitates the pumping action of the heart to move blood to the entire body
• Mechanical cells contributing to mechanical contraction and conductive cells contributing to electrical conduction

Question 11

Endocardium

Answer 11

Internal layer of simple squamous epithelium. This is continuous with the epithelium
lining the interior of all blood vessels (known as the endothelium

Question 12

What kind of blood does Right atrium receive?

Answer 12

Receives deoxygenated blood from
the superior vena cava, inferior
vena cava and the coronary sinu

Question 13

Parts of the Right atrium

Answer 13

1) Fossa Ovalis:
- Remnant of the foramen
ovale used to shunt
oxygenated blood from the
lungs in fetus

2) Pectinate Muscles
- Can stretch to increase the volume of the right atrium

3) Auricle:
- Ear like muscular pouch

4) SA Node and AV Node

Question 14

Where does the Right atrium send blood? Via what valve?

Answer 14

The right ventricle via the tricuspid valve (atrioventricular)

Question 15

What kind of blood does the Right Ventricle receive ? Where does it receive it from?

Answer 15

Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium via the tricuspid valve

Question 16

Parts of the Right Ventricle

Answer 16

1) Interventricular Septum:
- Triangular wall of cardiac muscle that separates the right and left ventricles
2) Papillary muscles:
- Pull on chordae tendinae to open mitral valve
3) Trabecule Carneae:
- Thick cardiac muscles that produces ventricular contractions
5) Conus Arteriosus:
- Smooth walls that act as a support structure for and lead to the pulmonary valve

Question 17

What kind of blood does Right Ventricle send? Through what structures?

Answer 17

Sends deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve through the lungs via the pulmonary
trunk which bifurcates into two pulmonary arteries

Question 18

What kind of blood does the left atrium receive? Where does it receive it from?

Answer 18

Openings receive oxygenated
blood from four pulmonary
veins

Question 19

Where does Left Atrium send blood?

Answer 19

to the left ventricle
via the left atrioventricular
valve (bicuspid/mitral

Question 20

Left ventricle receives blood from…

Answer 20

Left atrium via bicuspid valve

Question 21

What are the two atrioventricular valves

Answer 21

I) right atrioventricular valve(tricuspid)
2)left atrioventricular valve (bicuspia)

Question 22

Tricuspid valve location

Answer 22

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 23

Bicuspid value location

Answer 23

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 24

Function of the atrioventricular valves

Answer 24

Prevent backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary trunk into the ventricles during diastole

Question 25

Superior vena cava function

Answer 25

Brings deoxygenated blood from head, neck, arms, chest to right atrium

Question 26

Inferior vena cava function

Answer 26

Brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium

Question 27

Pulmonary trunk and arteries (2)

Answer 27

Carry deoxygenated blood from right ventride to the lungs

Question 28

Coronary sinus function

Answer 28

Collects deoxygenated blood from cardiac muscles and empties into right atrium

Question 29

Blood flow sequence through the heart

Answer 29

1) superior and inferior vena, and coronary sinus carry deoxygenated blood from heart muscle into right atrium 2) right atrium fills with blood, contracts, then tricuspid valve opens, and allows blood into the right ventricle 3) right ventricle fills, contracts, and pumps blood through the pulmonary valves into the pulmonarytrunk which splits into pulmonary arteries 4) Pulmonary Arteries bring deoxygenated blood into the lungs where they receive oxygen from the walls of alveoli 5) Pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood back to the heart via the 4 pulmonary veins which empty into the left atrium 6) Left atrium fills, contracts, the bicuspid valve opens and allows blood to the flow into the left ventricle 7) Left ventricle fills, contracts, and pumps blood up through the aortic valve into the aorta 8) Ascneding aorta gives rise to the left and right coronary arteries which supplies the heart muscles.

Question 30

What is the conduction system of the heart?

Answer 30

consists of specialized cardiac muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses to regulate atrial and ventricular contraction

Question 31

SA Node

Answer 31

- Located in the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava - Known as the pacemaker of the heart (60-100) beats per minute - Causes atria to contract and sends signal to atrioventricular node

Question 32

AV Node

Answer 32

- Beats a 40-60 per minute - allows for a delay in atrial and ventricular contraction so ventricle can fill - Purkinje fibers spread into left and right papillary muscles which causes ventricular contraction

Question 33

What is the voice box?

Answer 33

The larynx

Question 34

What is asthma?

Answer 34

Hyperreactive airways that constrict in response to stimuli