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DPTD 733 > Quiz 2: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Quiz 2: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Mediastinum

A
  • The central compartment of the thorax between the two pleural cavities.
  • It stretches from the superior thoracic outlet, to the respiratory diaphragm
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2
Q

Contents of the mediastinum

A

Heart
Trachea
Esophagus
Great vessels of the heart
Lymph nodes
Nerves
Fat

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3
Q

Location of the Heart

A

In the middle of the thoracic cavity, in between the lungs, in the middle mediastinum

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4
Q

Function of the heart

A

A muscular pump for propulsion of blood to all parts of the body

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5
Q

The right side of the heart receives _________ blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and pumps it to the __________

A

Deoxygenated, lungs for oxygenation

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6
Q

The left side of the heart receives _________ blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins and pumps it __________

A

Oxygenated,

To the body via the aorta and its branches

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7
Q

What is the pericardium

A
  • ## A double layered sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels
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8
Q

The three layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep

A

1) Epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium

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9
Q

Epicardium

A
  • Thin outer layer with adipose tissue and blood vessels that supply the heart
  • Also the inner layer of pericardium surrounded by pericardial fluid
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10
Q

Myocardium

A
  • Thick middle layer composed of cardiac muscle that facilitates the pumping action of the heart to move blood to the entire body
  • Mechanical cells contributing to mechanical contraction and conductive cells contributing to electrical conduction
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11
Q

Endocardium

A

Internal layer of simple squamous epithelium. This is continuous with the epithelium
lining the interior of all blood vessels (known as the endothelium

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12
Q

What kind of blood does Right atrium receive?

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from
the superior vena cava, inferior
vena cava and the coronary sinu

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13
Q

Parts of the Right atrium

A

1) Fossa Ovalis:
- Remnant of the foramen
ovale used to shunt
oxygenated blood from the
lungs in fetus

2) Pectinate Muscles
- Can stretch to increase the volume of the right atrium

3) Auricle:
- Ear like muscular pouch

4) SA Node and AV Node

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14
Q

Where does the Right atrium send blood? Via what valve?

A

The right ventricle via the tricuspid valve (atrioventricular)

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15
Q

What kind of blood does the Right Ventricle receive ? Where does it receive it from?

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium via the tricuspid valve

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16
Q

Parts of the Right Ventricle

A

1) Interventricular Septum:
- Triangular wall of cardiac muscle that separates the right and left ventricles
2) Papillary muscles:
- Pull on chordae tendinae to open mitral valve
3) Trabecule Carneae:
- Thick cardiac muscles that produces ventricular contractions
5) Conus Arteriosus:
- Smooth walls that act as a support structure for and lead to the pulmonary valve

17
Q

What kind of blood does Right Ventricle send? Through what structures?

A

Sends deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve through the lungs via the pulmonary
trunk which bifurcates into two pulmonary arteries

18
Q

What kind of blood does the left atrium receive? Where does it receive it from?

A

Openings receive oxygenated
blood from four pulmonary
veins

19
Q

Where does Left Atrium send blood?

A

to the left ventricle
via the left atrioventricular
valve (bicuspid/mitral

20
Q

Left ventricle receives blood from…

A

Left atrium via bicuspid valve

21
Q

What are the two atrioventricular valves

A

I) right atrioventricular valve(tricuspid)
2)left atrioventricular valve (bicuspia)

22
Q

Tricuspid valve location

A

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

23
Q

Bicuspid value location

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

24
Q

Function of the atrioventricular valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary trunk into the ventricles during diastole

25
Q

Superior vena cava function

A

Brings deoxygenated blood from head, neck, arms, chest to right atrium

26
Q

Inferior vena cava function

A

Brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium

27
Q

Pulmonary trunk and arteries (2)

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from right ventride to the lungs

28
Q

Coronary sinus function

A

Collects deoxygenated blood from cardiac muscles and empties into right atrium

29
Q

Blood flow sequence through the heart

A

1) superior and inferior vena, and coronary sinus carry deoxygenated blood from heart muscle into right atrium

2) right atrium fills with blood, contracts, then tricuspid valve opens, and allows blood into the right ventricle

3) right ventricle fills, contracts, and pumps blood through the pulmonary valves into the pulmonarytrunk which splits into pulmonary arteries

4) Pulmonary Arteries bring deoxygenated blood into the lungs where they receive oxygen from the walls of alveoli

5) Pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood back to the heart via the 4 pulmonary veins which empty into the left atrium

6) Left atrium fills, contracts, the bicuspid valve opens and allows blood to the flow into the left ventricle

7) Left ventricle fills, contracts, and pumps blood up through the aortic valve into the aorta

8) Ascneding aorta gives rise to the left and right coronary arteries which supplies the heart muscles.

30
Q

What is the conduction system of the heart?

A

consists of specialized cardiac muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses to regulate atrial and ventricular contraction

31
Q

SA Node

A
  • Located in the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava
  • Known as the pacemaker of the heart (60-100) beats per minute
  • Causes atria to contract and sends signal to atrioventricular node
32
Q

AV Node

A
  • Beats a 40-60 per minute
  • allows for a delay in atrial and ventricular contraction so ventricle can fill
  • Purkinje fibers spread into left and right papillary muscles which causes ventricular contraction
33
Q

What is the voice box?

A

The larynx

34
Q

What is asthma?

A

Hyperreactive airways that constrict in response to stimuli

DPTD 733 (11 decks)

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