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Pathology 3 > Quiz 5: Female genitalia > Flashcards

Quiz 5: Female genitalia Flashcards

0
Q

What virus causes molluscum contagiosum

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)

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1
Q

viral infection of the skin caused by DNA poxvirus

A

Molluscum contagiosum

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2
Q

Which strain of MCV is sexually transmitted and often seen in adults

A

MCV-2

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3
Q

Where does psoriasis usually occur?

A

on the hair-bearing portion

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4
Q

Inflammatory dz characterized by red scaling plaques covered with a dense, silvery scale

A

psoriasis

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5
Q

What is occurrence of new psoriatic lesions at the site of skin injury

A

Koebner phenomenon

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6
Q

Ring of peripheral blanching skin around a psoriatic plaque

A

Woronoff’s ring

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7
Q

Presence of bleeding points seen upon lifting of a psoriatic scale

A

Auspitz’s sign

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8
Q

Marked hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis; loss of granular layer; epidermal acanthosis and notable elongation of the rete ridges or pegs; vascular dilation

A

psoriasis

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9
Q

non specific skin condition that develops as a consequence of chronic pruritis and scratching.

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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10
Q

edematous degeneration of basal layer, atrophy of epidermis with disappearance of the rete pegs, underlying dermis is replaced by dense collagenous fibrous tissue, infiltrates of band-like lymphocytes

A

lichen sclerosus

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11
Q

elongation, widening, and irregular thickening of rete ridges along with acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and chronic inflammation in the dermis.

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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12
Q

degeneration of the basal cell layer, thickening of the granular cell layer, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the sub-epithelial layer of connective tissue & development of a “saw tooth” appearance of the rete pegs

A

Lichen planus

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13
Q

What is the pathognomonic feature of lichen planus

A

development of a “saw-tooth” appearance of the rete pegs

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14
Q

Result from the obstruction of the duct, usu as a consequence of infx

A

Bartholin’s cysts

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15
Q

condition of unknown etiology (mb autoimmune) that results in a thickening of the skin of the vulva and peri-anal area and increases risk for vulvar cancer

A

lichen sclerosus

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16
Q

Occurs more often in children bearing age

A

lichen planus

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17
Q

Relatively common. Causes inflammation and sometimes ulceration.

A

Lichen planus

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18
Q

What is the predominant organism in the contents of a Bartholin cyst?

A

E. coli

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19
Q

Thickened epidermis with leukocyte infiltration of the underlying dermis

A

lichen simplex chronicus

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20
Q

What lines the cyst in a Bartholin’s cyst?

A

transitional epithelium of the normal duct or epithelium that reveals squamous metaplasia

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21
Q

Multinucleated giant cells. Nuclei with ground-glass appearance. Nuclear inclusion bodies may occasionally be visualized. Extra large epidermal cells with multiple nuclei

A

HSV-genital herpes

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22
Q

(4) bacterial STIs

A

chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid

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23
Q

(5) viral STIs

A

HSV, HIV, HPV, Hep B and C, MCV

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24
Q

Fungal STI

A

yeast infx

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25
Q

(2) parasitic STIs

A

Lice, scabies

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26
Q

Protozoal STI

A

Trichomoniasis

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27
Q

Extremely painful shallow ulcers.

A

HSV- genital herpes

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28
Q

Condyloma acuminata

A

genital warts caused by HPV

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29
Q

Which strains of HPV cause 90% of genital warts?

A

HPV 6 and 11

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30
Q

Which strains of HPV cause 70% of cervical cancers?

A

HPV 16 and 18

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31
Q

Caused by the spirochete bacterium

A

syphilis (treponema pallidium)

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32
Q

spiral-shaped, gm-, highly mobile bacterium

A

spirochete bacterium

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33
Q

How does secondary syphilis manifest clinically?

A

perineal condyloma latum or flat warts.

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34
Q

What are the 3 most common infxs in order of prevalence?

A

bacterial vaginosis, candida vaginitis, trichomonas vaginitis

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35
Q

Which STIs can be transmitted via vertical transmission?

A

Syphilis, gonorrhea

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36
Q

What 2 vaginal infxs are commonly associated with high pH and fishy odor?

A

BV and trich

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37
Q

What vaginal ifx is associated with low pH and no odor?

A

Candida

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38
Q

What bacterium causes chlamydia

A

chlamydia trachomatis

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39
Q

One of the most common sexually transmitted ifx worldwide

A

chlamydia

40
Q

What organism causes gonorrhea?

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

41
Q

Characterized by the presence of hyperpigmented skin plaques

A

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

42
Q

10-20% VIN found in association with what?

A

primary squamous neoplasm in either vagina or cervix

43
Q

nuclear atypia within epithelial cells and nuclei show pattern of increased mitoses and often seen crowded together.

A

VIN

44
Q

90% of all cases of VIN found to contain what?

A

DNA of high risk strains of HPV- 16, 18, 31, 45

45
Q

Most vulvar cancers are what?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

46
Q

15% vulvar cancers are what? (3)

A

Basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, adenocarcinoma

47
Q

2/3 vulvar carcinoma occur in women in what age group?

A

Over 60

48
Q

What are the 2 categories of vulvar cancer?

A

HPV or lichen sclerosus, squamous cell hyperplasia or no risk factor

49
Q

Poorly differentiated vulvar carcinoma is typically (pos/neg) for HPV

A

positive

50
Q

well differentiated, keratinizing vulvar carcinoma is typically (pos/neg) for HPV

A

negative

51
Q

Tumors of the vulva often contain what?

A

Notable accumulation of p53 protein

52
Q

Metastatic spread of vulvar carcinoma depends on what?

A

size of the tumor, depth of invasion, involvement of the lymph vessels

53
Q

Which lymph nodes are commonly involved in vulvar carcinoma?

A

inguinal, pelvic, iliam, periaortic

54
Q

Distant mets from vulvar carcinoma travel where?

A

lungs and liver

55
Q

Vacuolated tumor cells in clusters and gland-like structures

A

clear cell adenocarcinomas of the vagina

56
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma in young women is associated with what?

A

Mothers who had been treated with diethylstillbestrol (DES) during pregnancy

57
Q

What are classic findings in invasive adenocarcinoma of the endocervix?

A

Prominent or macronucleoli and tumor diathesis

58
Q

Term used to describe cellular changes in which cells nuclei are enlarged and often stain with a halo-like appearance

A

Koilocyctosis

59
Q

Usually composed of intermediate and superficial squamous cells of the vaginal epithelium

A

Koilocyctolic atypia

60
Q

Koilocytosis is characteristic of …

A

ASC-US

61
Q

Where can adenocarcinoma arise from?

A

endocervix, endometrium, extrauterine sites

62
Q

cluster of cells with large round or oval nuclei, irregular chromatin and prominent nucleoli, cytoplasm is poorly defined and finely vacuolated.

A

Endocervical carcinoma

63
Q

Condition in which cells from the endometrial lining of the uterus appear and flourish outside the uterine cavity.

A

Endometriosis

64
Q

Most common site of implantation of ectopic endometrial cells

A

ovaries

65
Q

ovarian cyst that is formed as a consequence of ectopic endometrial tissue that bleeds within the ovary.

A

endometrioma (chocolate cyst)

66
Q

Thick, muscular layer of the uterus

A

myometrium

67
Q

presence of ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium

A

adenomyosis

68
Q

Most common underlying causes of endometritis

A

retained placental fragments during childbirth, iatrogenic ifx during delivery, ifx following abortion

69
Q

Non childbirth related cases of endometritis

A

PID

70
Q

micro-abcesses or neuts within the endometrial glands

A

acute endometritis

71
Q

plasma cells in the stroma

A

chronic endometritis

72
Q

Characteristic for chronic endometritis

A

plasma cells in the stroma

73
Q

Gold standard of endometritis dx

A

endometrial biopsy

74
Q

Most common ifx agent in PID

A

bacteria

75
Q

Most common serious infx of women 16-25

A

PID

76
Q

Most common gynecologic cancers in US

A

endometrial cancer

77
Q

Most common type of endometrial cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

78
Q

Peak incidence of endometrial cancer

A

55-65

79
Q

3rd most common cause of gynecologic cancer death

A

endometrial carcinoma

80
Q

20% of all endometrial cancers resemble ….

A

serous carcinoma of the ovary

81
Q

benign, smooth muscle tumors of the uterus

A

leiomyomas (fibroids)

82
Q

Where are leiomyomas (fibroids) usually found?

A

myometrium of the corpus

83
Q

What are the 3 classifications of fibroids?

A

intramural, submucosal, subserol

84
Q

discrete, well-circumscribed tumors that are often round, firm, and when sectioned appear grey-white in color

A

fibroids

85
Q

characteristic whorled pattern of smooth muscle. Muscle cells are generally uniform in size and shape with oval nuclei, scarce mitotic activity.

A

Leiomyoma (fibroids)

86
Q

relatively uncommon malignant neoplasms that arise from the myometrium or endometrial stroma that is undergoing smooth muscle differentiation.

A

Leiomyosarcomas

87
Q

Usu contain muscle cells that become spindle shaped. Several cells with inc mitotic figures

A

leiomyosarcomas

88
Q

Common benign ovarian tumor

A

ovarian serous cysstadenoma

89
Q

Superficial resemblance to the most common type of ovarian cancer

A

ovarian serous cystadenoma

90
Q

Most common type of ovarian cancer

A

serous carcinoma of the ovary

91
Q

Most ovarian cancers are classified as…

A

epithelial

92
Q

Most notable mutated genes in ovarian cancer

A

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2

93
Q

Form of dystrophic calcification that can be seen in neoplasms

A

Psammoma bodies

94
Q

Where are psammoma bodies commonly seen?

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, ovarian papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma, meningioma, mesothelioma, prolactinoma of the pituitary

95
Q

Most common tissue element in the teratoma

A

skin

96
Q

What type of teratomas are more worrisome because they are more aggresive

A

immature

97
Q

Dermoid cysts

A

immature teratomas

Pathology 3 (10 decks)

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