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Pathology 3 > Quiz 4: Breast > Flashcards

Quiz 4: Breast Flashcards

0
Q

What cells of the lobules and terminal ducts produce milk?

A

Luminal epithelial cells

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1
Q

What 2 types of cells are the lactiferous ducts lined by?

A

luminal epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells

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2
Q

What cells assist in milk ejection during lactation?

A

Myoepithelial cells

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3
Q

During menses, which hormone stimulates epithelial cell proliferation and promotes duct elongation and branching?

A

Estrogen

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4
Q

No breast tissue, nipple, or aureola

A

amastia

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5
Q

no mammary gland tissue, has nipple and aureola

A

amazia

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6
Q

no nipple or aureola, has mammary gland tissue

A

athelia

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7
Q

one or more additional nipples, usu on the milk line

A

supernumerary nipple

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8
Q

imaginary line extends bilaterally from axillae to the groin

A

milk line

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9
Q

ectopic breast tissue

A

supernumerary breast tissue (polymastia)

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10
Q

What causes inverted nipple?

A

fibrous bands of tissue that tether the nipple in an inverted position

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11
Q

spontaneous flow of milky nipple discharge that occurs in the absence of childbirth or lactation

A

galactorrhea

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12
Q

Inflammation of the parenchyma of the mammary gland

A

mastitis

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13
Q

mastitis of lactating women

A

puerperal mastitis

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14
Q

What 2 bacteria are most commonly associated with infectious mastitis?

A

Staph aureus and strep epidermis

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15
Q

painful mass in the sub areolar area with overlying skin erythema

A

peri ductal mastitis

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16
Q

keratinizing squamous epithelium in the duct system of the nipple with often extends to an abnormal depth. Chronic granulomatous inflammatory response. Dilation and rupture of involved ducts.

A

Peri ductal mastitis

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17
Q

dilation of the sub-areolar ducts. Widening of the lactiferous ducts that are filled with granular debris including lipid laden macs.

A

Mammary duct ectasia

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18
Q

What condition is characterized by accumulation of foamy macs beneath the luminal duct epithelium

A

Mammary duct ectasia

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19
Q

Non cancerous fibrous lumps and cords in breast tissue

A

fibrocystic breast dz

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20
Q

What is the most common disorder of the breast?

A

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

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21
Q

Where are the changes of fibrocystic breast dz most often found?

A

Upper outer quadrant

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22
Q

Characterized by irregular fatty spaces which are surrounded by foamy histocytes and multinucleated giant cells

A

Fat necrosis

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23
Q

a result of prior breast trauma or subsequent to surgery

A

fat necrosis

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24
Q

Results from the rupture of adipocytes and hemorrhage from broken blood vessels

A

fat necrosis

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25
Q

mammography reveals central radiolucent area of fat with inc density and/or presence of calcifications at the fat periphery

A

Fat necrosis

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26
Q

single or multiple hard masses made up of collagenized stroma surrounding atrophic ducts and lobules

A

lymphocytic mastopathy

27
Q

Thickening and fibrosis of stromal tissue and lymphocytic infiltrates that surrounds the epithelium and blood vessels

A

Lymphocytic mastopathy

28
Q

Most commonly found in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis

A

Lymphocytic mastopathy

29
Q

Core needle biopsy specimen of a palpable nodule reveals dense stromal fibrosis and occasional peri-ductal lymphocytic infiltration.

A

lymphocytic mastopathy

30
Q

Most common benign tumor of the breast

A

Fibroadenoma

31
Q

Freely movable, well circumscribed mass with prominent fibrotic capsule

A

Fibroadenoma

32
Q

Well encapsulated; notable hyperplasia of intraductal epithelial cells. Hyperplastic cells have no abnormalities in nuclear size, normal nucleus to cytoplasm ratio

A

Fibroadenoma

33
Q

Localized focus of hyperplsatic cells in breast tissue during pregnancy

A

Lactating adenoma

34
Q

Hyperplastic lobules with marked cytoplasmic vacuolization

A

lactating adenoma

35
Q

Originates in the large ducts and is located centrally beneath the nipple

A

solitary ductal papilloma (SDP)

36
Q

located in the terminal ducts at the periphery of the breast

A

Multiple intraductal papilloma (MP)

37
Q

presence f myoepithelial cells and multi-layered ductal cells

A

multiple intraductal papilloma

38
Q

these cells become flattened and the nuclei of the cells usu appear next to the luminal surface. Long axis tend to point in the same direction

A

multi layered cells of MP

39
Q

Majority of breast cancers originate where?

A

Glandular tissue

40
Q

Majority of breast cancers are classified as what type of cancer?

A

adenocarcinomas

41
Q

What 2 tissues are considered glandular and may give rise to adenocarcinomas?

A

lobular tissues, ductal tissues

42
Q

What is the common denominator to many of the breast cancer risk factors?

A

Their effect on the level and duration of exposure to endogenous estrogenic stimulation

43
Q

… increase the chance of DNA replication errors

A

Estrogens

44
Q

… are over-expressed in around 70% of breast cancer cases

A

estrogen receptors

45
Q

What mutated genes appear to be responsible for approx 30-40% of inherited breast cancers?

A

BRCA1/BRCA2

46
Q

Tumor suppressor genes involved in DNA repair of double stranded breaks

A

BRCA1/BRCA2

47
Q

50-85% carrying a mutated … gene will go on to develop breast cancer

A

BRCA1

48
Q

Approx 30% of breast cancers have amplification of … gene or over-expression of its protein.

A

HER2/neu

49
Q

What gene is associated with increased risk for dz recurrence and worse prognosis?

A

HER2/neu

50
Q

Most common type of breast cancer

A

ductal carcinoma (AKA infiltrating ductal carcinoma)

51
Q

Single hard mass with irregular borders, not easily movable on a PE

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

52
Q

Nearly 80% of all cases of breast cancer are diagnosed as

A

infiltrating ductal carcinomas

53
Q

What is a characteristic feature of ductal carcinoma?

A

Heterogeneity of the malignant ductal cells

54
Q

What makes the tumor feel firmer than normal breast tissue?

A

Collagen bands

55
Q

Second most common breast cancer

A

Lobular carcinoma

56
Q

Scirrhous appearance

A

ductal carcinoma

57
Q

What is associated with a worse prognosis of breast cancer?

A

Signet rings

58
Q

single file pattern

A

lobular carcinoma

59
Q

high risk for multiple loci, inc risk for both breasts to be involved

A

lobular carcinoma

60
Q

Involves the nipple and areolar area. Associated with underlying in-situ or invasive carcinoma

A

Paget’s dz

61
Q

Appearance of eczematous changes overlying the nipple and areola

A

Paget’s dz

62
Q

large round cells with pale cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei, seen within the epidermis

A

Paget cells

63
Q

cells derived from glandular epithelium

A

paget cells

64
Q

Form of ductal carcinoma distinguished by markedly inflamed appearance of the affected breast

A

inflammatory breast cancer

65
Q

Often presents without palpable lump

A

inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)

Pathology 3 (10 decks)

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