Quiz 4: GB Flashcards
One of the principal forms of chronic rejection of a transplanted liver allograft
acquired biliary atresia
Common bile duct between the liver and the SI is blocked or absent.
Congenital biliary atresia
congenital cystic dilations of the bile ducts
Choledochal cyst
Most feared complication of choledochal cysts
cholangiocarcinoma
A crystalline mass formed within the gallbladder by accretion of bile components
Cholelithiasis
Where are gallstones formed?
gallbladder
Where are gallstones likely to pass to?
cystic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct, ampulla of Vater
What inhibits cholesterol secretion, enhances conversion of cholesterol to bile, and is an antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress on the gallbladder
melatonin
If gallstones migrate into the ducts of the biliary tract
choledocholithiasis
infection of the bile duct usu caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum
ascending cholangitis
what are the 3 common findings in cholangitis?
Charcot’s triad: abd. pain, jaundice, fever
Charcot’s triad w/ mental confusion and septic shock
Reynolds’ pentad
secondary to extrahepatic biliary obstruction
secondary sclerosing cholangitis
Concentric peri-ductal fibrosis
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
What are the 3 types of gallstones?
Cholesterol, pigment stones, mixed
stones that vary in color from light-yellow to dark-green or brown, oval, often have tiny dark central spot
cholesterol sones
Must be at least 80% cholesterol by weight
cholesterol stones
Develop when bile contains too much cholesterol and not enough bile salts
cholesterol stones
small, dark stones made of bilirubin and calcium salts
Pigment stones
Contain les than 20% cholesterol
pigment stones
Typically contain 20-80% cholesterol
mixed gallstones
Visible on plain x-ray if they have enough calcium
mixed stones, pigment stones
Calcium carbonate, palmitate phosphate, bilirubin, and other bile pigments
Mixed gallstones
Inflammatory condition characterized by retention of bile in the gb
cholecystitis
most often caused by cholelithiasis
cholecystitis
Can progress more rapidly to gangrene and sepsis
acalculous cholecystitis
Extensive ulceration of the mucosa, hemorrhage, edema and a dense transmural infiltrate of neuts and mononuclear cells
cholecystitis
gallbladder wall thickened and mucosal lining has lost all of its normal velvety, granular appearance.
chonic cholecystitis
surface epithelium has lost its normal delicate papillary appearance with an inc in fibrous tissue and mild chronic inflammation in the lamina propria
chronic cholecystitis
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in the muscularis
chronic cholecystits
Abnormal deposition of cholesterol and triglyceride filled macs in the lamina propria of the gallbladder
cholesterolosis
often associated with chronic cholecystitis
cholesterolosis
Distinctive bulge and lifting of the superficial epithelium overlying accumulating macs
cholesterolosis
Diffuse mucosal involvement often referred to “strawberry gallbladder”
cholesterolosis
Inflammatory scarring of the gallbladder wall combined with calcification within the wall
Porcelain gall bladder
Most common gb carcinoma
Well differentiated adenocarcinomas
Other forms of gb cancer
papillary form of adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, well differentiated adenocarcinoma w/squamous metaplasia
