quiz 5 Flashcards
How many bones are in the skeletal system
206
Functions of skeletal system
- support
- movement
- production
- blood cell production
- calcium storage
- endocrine regulation
Support as a function in the skeletal system
They provide framework
Protection as a function of the skeletal system
The skull protects the brain and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord, etc
Movement as a function of the skeletal system
Bones act as levers to move the body
Mineral storage as a function of the skeletal system
Act as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus
Blood cell formation as a function of the skeletal system
Most blood cell formation occurs within the marrow of bones
Classification of bones
- Long bone– More long then wide (ex. most bones of the limbs)
- Short bones – they are as long as they are wide. Their function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. They are roughly cubed shaped.
(Ex. Bones of the wrist(carpals) and the ankles.) - Flat bones – principal function is either extensive protection or The provision of a broad surface For muscular attachment. Thin, flattened, have a bit of a curve.
(Ex. Sternum and most skull bones.) - Irregular bone – fit none of the other classes, serve purposes such as protection of the nervous tissue
(Ex. Vertebrae - protects spinal cord, and the hip bones.)
Osteoblasts
Bone–forming cells
Osteoclasts
Bone – destroying cells
Hematopoiesis and
- The process in the body by which all blood cells are formed
- this process occurs only in the red marrow
- in adults the long bones are filled with yellow marrow so hematopoiesis does not occur
- yellow marrow can convert to red marrow if a person becomes very anemic
Koilonychia
Condition in which the individual has spoon shaped fingernails, found in iron-deficient anemia
Where are spongy bones primarily located?
The ends of bones
Spongy bone is important because:
– It acts as a shock absorber
Osteogenesis
– The formation and development of bony tissue
– At six weeks, the skeleton is fibrous membrane and cartilage which needs to be converted to bony tissue
When does bone formation begin? (Osteogenesis)
At about six weeks of age
Why is it important for a baby to have a more pliable skeleton?
-it is impt to have this more fibrous and cartilage skeleton because this aids in the birth process when it is difficult to get the fetus through the birth canal
Posterior fontanelle
Soft spot on baby’s head
-The reason for these soft spots is because sometimes during delivery in the birth canal it is important that the head be made to be just a little bit smaller
The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by:
9 to 18 months of age
Dwarfism cause
Too Little GH (growth hormone)
Gigantism cause
Too much GH (growth hormone)
Dwarfism
Short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition.
-generally defined as an adult height of 4’10” or less
Gigantism
A rare condition that causes abnormal growth in children. This change is most notable in terms of height, but girth is affected as well.
occurs when a child’s pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone.
The problem with gigantism
– It’s hard on a person’s heart, and on all the other internal organs
– often they will not live beyond the age of 40
The most common bone disorder
Bone breakage
Common types of fractures:
– Simple – Compound – Compression – Comminuted – Depression – Impacted – Spiral – Greenstick
Simple fracture
– Also called a closed fracture
– Bones break cleanly but do not penetrate the skin
Compound fracture
– More serious than simple
– Broken ends of the bones penetrate the skin
– Bone infections known as osteomyelitis are possible
– Antibiotics are required
Comminuted fracture
– Bone fragments into many pieces
– Common in the aged where bones are brittle
Compression fracture
– Bone is crushed
– Common in porous bones (those with osteoporosis)
Depression fracture
– Bone is pressed inward
– Typical of skull fracture
Impacted fracture
-broken bone ends are forced into one another
– Common when trying to break a fall with one’s arm
Spiral fracture
Ragged break that occurs with a twist to the bone
– Common sports fracture
(Running and came down on their foot, leg twisted bc they had so much momentum)
Greenstick fracture
– Bone breaks incompletely
– Common in children with flexible bones
Even mild greenstick fracture’s are usually immobilized in a cast, in addition to holding the cracked pieces of the bone together so they can heal, The cast will prevent the bone from breaking all the way through.