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BIO 125 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How long should you wait before asking for a second helping at dinner?

A

at least 10 minutes

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2
Q

To relieve stress it is recommended you exercise ___ times a week for ___ minutes.

A

3 times; 30 minutes

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3
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Brain

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4
Q

Clomipranine and Prozac are drugs commonly used to treat ___.

A

OCD (?)

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5
Q

3 most common compulsions in OCD?

A

Cleaning, Checking and Repeating.

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6
Q

OCD is correlated with __________.

A

Depression

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7
Q

GHB is a powerful, _____, Central nervous system __________.

A

rapid; depressant

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8
Q

Under stress men’s ________ and _______ ________ which differs from women under stress.

A

blood pressure; cholesterol; increase

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9
Q

Most women who have been raped ________ their assailants.

A

Know

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10
Q

The balanced condition the body tries to maintain is known as ________.

A

Homeostasis

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11
Q

Before you can cope with stress the first thing you must do is _____________.

A

Identify the problem/what is stressing you

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12
Q

Drugs used as date rape drugs:

A

GHB
Rohypnol
Ketamine

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13
Q

Depo-Provera is a female hormone given to ___________.

A

Male sex offenders as a deterrent to rape

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14
Q

To help control stress in your life it is recommended you drink no more than __ alcoholic beverages per ____

A

4;per week

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15
Q

General Adaptation syndrome was proposed by:

A

Hans Selye

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16
Q

In General Adaptation Syndrome the stage during which damage to the body is likely to occur is the _____ stage.

A

Alarm (1)

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17
Q

1 in ___ women are victims of rape

A

4

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18
Q

1 in ___ men are victims of rape

A

10

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19
Q

3 common patterns of rape are based on

A
  1. Anger
  2. Power
  3. Pleasure
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20
Q

____% of rapes are interracial

A

3

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21
Q

How long does it take for rohypnol to take effect?

A

20-30 minutes

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22
Q

Intended uses of rohypnol

A

To treat insomnia

Used as pre surgery medication

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23
Q

Rohypnol facts

A

“Roofies”

  • inexpensive
  • 10x as strong as Valium
  • manufactured in Europe and Latin America.
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24
Q

What does Rohypnol do

A

Muscle relaxation
Lowers inhibitions
Amnesia

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25
Q

Your body’s response to stress:

A
  1. Increases heart rate
  2. Increased blood pressure
  3. Pupils dilate
  4. Peristalsis decreases - what moves food through the body *
  5. Decrease in digestive juices *
  6. Liver releases glucose *
  7. Urinary and anal sphincters will close *
  8. Increase in sweating
  9. Increase in respiration
  10. Bronchi dilate *
  11. Blood vessels of the skin constrict *
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26
Q

Suggestions for a good night’s sleep:

A
  1. Get up and go to bed at the same time every day
  2. quiet environment
  3. light protein snack
  4. get up if you cannot sleep
  5. avoid alcohol, sleeping meds, nicotine, caffeine, and vigorous exercise just before bed.
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27
Q

Fight or Flight response, Body’s response to stress (correct sequence of events in the body) -

A

Stress > Brain (Hypothalamus) > Pituitary Gland > ACTH > Blood > Adrenal Glands > Adrenaline, Cortisone, and other stress hormones > Blood > Body Responds To Stress

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28
Q

Most common drug used in drug-facilitated sexual assaults.

A

GHB

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29
Q

Why is it difficult to estimate the incidence of drug-facilitated rape involving GHB?

A

Victims make not seek help until days after - drug impairs memory and may not be able to identify signs of assault.
GHB is only detectable in a person’s system for a limited time, opportunity to detect the drug can quickly pass.

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30
Q

What does GHB do

A

Can mentally and physically paralyze an individual, and these effects are intensified when the drug is combined with alcohol.

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31
Q

In General Adaptation Syndrome during Resistance (2)

A

adaptation occurs and symptoms decrease

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32
Q

In General Adaptation Syndrome during Exhaustion:

A

adaptation is lost; the body begins to run out of energy

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33
Q

Why does stress cause the occurrence of more diseases?

A

Because stress depresses the immune system

34
Q

Diseases Related to Stress:

A
  1. Cardiovascular system- strokes and heart attacks
  2. Kidney problems- increased infection
  3. Mental disorders- depression, panic attacks, and suicide
  4. Ulcers
  5. Cancers
  6. TMJ
  7. IBS
35
Q

How does exercise relate to promoting good physical and mental health?

A

It helps REDUCE stress and COPE with stress.

36
Q

The rates of heart disease and ____ among police are higher than in the general public.

A

Cancer

37
Q

Optimists find ______ very stressful. This leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of ___________.

A

failure; the immune system

38
Q

Pessimists had an immune system that was _____________________

A

even more depressed than optimists.

39
Q

Starting at about age ___, pessimists begin to become chronically ill.

A

45

40
Q

The average age of death among police is ____ years. The average life span for others is ___ years.

A

57 for police

75 for the rest of us

41
Q

A high percent of bereaved men will die within _______ of their wives. Their death is usually due to ____________________________.

A

6 months; cardiovascular disease, cancer or infectious disease.

42
Q

A loss of short term memory is a side effect of which treatment for depression?

A

ECT

43
Q

Exogenous depression

A

comes from outside the body

44
Q

Endogenous depression

A

comes from within the body

45
Q

Carcinogens in cigarettes:

A
  • Benzopyrene
  • Vinyl chloride
  • Arsenic
46
Q

Co-carcinogens in cigarettes:

A

Formaldehyde

Phenol

47
Q

Where is most alcohol metabolized?

Where does the rest go?

A 
Most is metabolized in the liver.
The rest (2-10%) is given off by the lungs, kidneys and sweat glands.
48
Q

.03-.05% BAC

A

Effects first felt, light-headed, relaxed.

49
Q

.10-.15% BAC

A

6-10 hours metabolize

sensory and motor functions are decreased

50
Q

.2% BAC

A

Most are unable to function

51
Q

.35% BAC

A

Coma

52
Q

.35% + BAC

A

Death

53
Q

Cirrhosis of Liver:

A

-Liver enlarged, destroyed cells are replaced by scar tissue(does not have the ability to detoxify)

54
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A
  • Heavy drinking during first trimester
  • decrease in birth weight
  • small teeth, faulty enamel
  • misshapen earlobes
  • heart defects
  • small eyes, jaw
  • slow physical and mental growth
  • MR
  • IQ of 40-80
  • withdrawal symptoms
55
Q

Huffing effects

A
  • Dizziness
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorientation
  • Serious damage
  • Can lead to death
56
Q

Treatment for panic disorders

A

CBT

Medications

57
Q

Two parts of the brain involved in OCD.

A

Orbital Frontal Cortex

Basal Ganglia

58
Q

What neurotransmitter does not function properly in those with OCD?

A

Serotonin

59
Q

Example of an MAOI:
Side effects?
Facts?

A
  • oldest group of meds for depression
  • Nardil - ex
  • increased BP with sudafed, red wine or aged cheese.
60
Q

Tricyclics
Example:
Side effects?
Facts?

A
  • most important group of drugs to treat depression
  • Elavil - ex
  • side effects: dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, and blurred vision
61
Q

Lithium

Used for?

A

To treat manic depression (bipolar disorder)

62
Q

SSRI
Examples:
Facts?
Side effects?

A
  • newest medication for depressive disorders
  • examples: Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft
  • side effects: insomnia loss of appetite
63
Q

If agitation occurs after the first dose of an antidepressant medication, it is recommended that you:

A

Call a Dr

64
Q

The most common method to commit suicide:

A

Firearms

65
Q

______ is the single most preventable cause of death in the U.S.

A

Smoking/Tobacco

66
Q

Alcohol Poisoning symptoms:

A
  • large amounts of alcohol consumed in short amount of time
  • person is unconscious
  • person is cold, clammy, pale or blue skin
  • person breathes less than 8 times per min
  • person vomits and does not awaken
67
Q

Smoking has dropped ___% in the past 4 decades

A

30%

68
Q

Of those who stop smoking at clinics, about __% will resume smoking within one year.

A

75%

69
Q

1 in _ americans smoke

A

3

70
Q

_ of 4 smokers want to quit but cannot

A

3

71
Q

For people 15-24 it’s the ___ leading cause of death.

A

2nd

72
Q

How to help a suicidal person?

A
  • Ask if they are thinking about killing themselves, ask how you can help.
  • validate feelings, keep them safe.
  • find someone they can talk to about it, talk to a dr, counselor, or minister.
  • give them suicide hotline #
  • lock up pills, get gun out of the house
  • don’t leave them alone, take them to the hospital.
73
Q

Long term effects of smoking:

A
  • Cardiovascular disease: CHD, Stroke, Aortic aneurysm
  • Lung Cancer: 80% due to smoking
  • Increases LDL and Decreases Cholesterol- promotes plaque formation (obstruction of vessels- heart attack)
  • COPD diseases: Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema
74
Q

3 Factors that cause smoker’s cough:

A

Cilia are destroyed
Macrophages work less efficiently
Overproduction of mucous

75
Q

If you live with a smoker you have a ___% greater chance of developing lung cancer

A

20-30%

76
Q

Common traits of alcoholism

A
  • Gregarious
  • Impulsive
  • Rebellious
77
Q

Long term effects of Alcohol abuse

A

Cirrhosis of Liver: -Liver enlarged, destroyed cells are replaced by scar tissue(does not have the ability to detoxify)

Cardiomyopathy: weakened heart muscle

Cancer:
10x greater rate of cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas.

Ulcers

Increased BP

Increased strokes, and heart attacks

78
Q

Effects of inhalants

A
  • chemical solvents can damage protective fatty coating around brain cells, resulting in brain damage.
79
Q

Types of smoke:

A

Mainstream: inhaled by smoker and exhaled into the atmosphere (first hand smoke)

sidestream: smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette (second hand smoke)

80
Q

Two important neurotransmitters that are correlated with depression:

A

Serotonin

Norepinephrine (Adrenaline)

81
Q

Most common symptom of depression:

A

Fatigue

BIO 125 (9 decks)

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