Exam 1 Flashcards
How long should you wait before asking for a second helping at dinner?
at least 10 minutes
To relieve stress it is recommended you exercise ___ times a week for ___ minutes.
3 times; 30 minutes
Where is the hypothalamus located?
Brain
Clomipranine and Prozac are drugs commonly used to treat ___.
OCD (?)
3 most common compulsions in OCD?
Cleaning, Checking and Repeating.
OCD is correlated with __________.
Depression
GHB is a powerful, _____, Central nervous system __________.
rapid; depressant
Under stress men’s ________ and _______ ________ which differs from women under stress.
blood pressure; cholesterol; increase
Most women who have been raped ________ their assailants.
Know
The balanced condition the body tries to maintain is known as ________.
Homeostasis
Before you can cope with stress the first thing you must do is _____________.
Identify the problem/what is stressing you
Drugs used as date rape drugs:
GHB
Rohypnol
Ketamine
Depo-Provera is a female hormone given to ___________.
Male sex offenders as a deterrent to rape
To help control stress in your life it is recommended you drink no more than __ alcoholic beverages per ____
4;per week
General Adaptation syndrome was proposed by:
Hans Selye
In General Adaptation Syndrome the stage during which damage to the body is likely to occur is the _____ stage.
Alarm (1)
1 in ___ women are victims of rape
4
1 in ___ men are victims of rape
10
3 common patterns of rape are based on
- Anger
- Power
- Pleasure
____% of rapes are interracial
3
How long does it take for rohypnol to take effect?
20-30 minutes
Intended uses of rohypnol
To treat insomnia
Used as pre surgery medication
Rohypnol facts
“Roofies”
- inexpensive
- 10x as strong as Valium
- manufactured in Europe and Latin America.
What does Rohypnol do
Muscle relaxation
Lowers inhibitions
Amnesia
Your body’s response to stress:
- Increases heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Pupils dilate
- Peristalsis decreases - what moves food through the body *
- Decrease in digestive juices *
- Liver releases glucose *
- Urinary and anal sphincters will close *
- Increase in sweating
- Increase in respiration
- Bronchi dilate *
- Blood vessels of the skin constrict *
Suggestions for a good night’s sleep:
- Get up and go to bed at the same time every day
- quiet environment
- light protein snack
- get up if you cannot sleep
- avoid alcohol, sleeping meds, nicotine, caffeine, and vigorous exercise just before bed.
Fight or Flight response, Body’s response to stress (correct sequence of events in the body) -
Stress > Brain (Hypothalamus) > Pituitary Gland > ACTH > Blood > Adrenal Glands > Adrenaline, Cortisone, and other stress hormones > Blood > Body Responds To Stress
Most common drug used in drug-facilitated sexual assaults.
GHB
Why is it difficult to estimate the incidence of drug-facilitated rape involving GHB?
Victims make not seek help until days after - drug impairs memory and may not be able to identify signs of assault.
GHB is only detectable in a person’s system for a limited time, opportunity to detect the drug can quickly pass.
What does GHB do
Can mentally and physically paralyze an individual, and these effects are intensified when the drug is combined with alcohol.
In General Adaptation Syndrome during Resistance (2)
adaptation occurs and symptoms decrease
In General Adaptation Syndrome during Exhaustion:
adaptation is lost; the body begins to run out of energy
Why does stress cause the occurrence of more diseases?
Because stress depresses the immune system
Diseases Related to Stress:
- Cardiovascular system- strokes and heart attacks
- Kidney problems- increased infection
- Mental disorders- depression, panic attacks, and suicide
- Ulcers
- Cancers
- TMJ
- IBS
How does exercise relate to promoting good physical and mental health?
It helps REDUCE stress and COPE with stress.
The rates of heart disease and ____ among police are higher than in the general public.
Cancer
Optimists find ______ very stressful. This leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of ___________.
failure; the immune system
Pessimists had an immune system that was _____________________
even more depressed than optimists.
Starting at about age ___, pessimists begin to become chronically ill.
45
The average age of death among police is ____ years. The average life span for others is ___ years.
57 for police
75 for the rest of us
A high percent of bereaved men will die within _______ of their wives. Their death is usually due to ____________________________.
6 months; cardiovascular disease, cancer or infectious disease.
A loss of short term memory is a side effect of which treatment for depression?
ECT
Exogenous depression
comes from outside the body
Endogenous depression
comes from within the body
Carcinogens in cigarettes:
- Benzopyrene
- Vinyl chloride
- Arsenic
Co-carcinogens in cigarettes:
Formaldehyde
Phenol
Where is most alcohol metabolized?
Where does the rest go?
Most is metabolized in the liver. The rest (2-10%) is given off by the lungs, kidneys and sweat glands.
.03-.05% BAC
Effects first felt, light-headed, relaxed.
.10-.15% BAC
6-10 hours metabolize
sensory and motor functions are decreased
.2% BAC
Most are unable to function
.35% BAC
Coma
.35% + BAC
Death
Cirrhosis of Liver:
-Liver enlarged, destroyed cells are replaced by scar tissue(does not have the ability to detoxify)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Heavy drinking during first trimester
- decrease in birth weight
- small teeth, faulty enamel
- misshapen earlobes
- heart defects
- small eyes, jaw
- slow physical and mental growth
- MR
- IQ of 40-80
- withdrawal symptoms
Huffing effects
- Dizziness
- Hallucinations
- Disorientation
- Serious damage
- Can lead to death
Treatment for panic disorders
CBT
Medications
Two parts of the brain involved in OCD.
Orbital Frontal Cortex
Basal Ganglia
What neurotransmitter does not function properly in those with OCD?
Serotonin
Example of an MAOI:
Side effects?
Facts?
- oldest group of meds for depression
- Nardil - ex
- increased BP with sudafed, red wine or aged cheese.
Tricyclics
Example:
Side effects?
Facts?
- most important group of drugs to treat depression
- Elavil - ex
- side effects: dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, and blurred vision
Lithium
Used for?
To treat manic depression (bipolar disorder)
SSRI
Examples:
Facts?
Side effects?
- newest medication for depressive disorders
- examples: Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft
- side effects: insomnia loss of appetite
If agitation occurs after the first dose of an antidepressant medication, it is recommended that you:
Call a Dr
The most common method to commit suicide:
Firearms
______ is the single most preventable cause of death in the U.S.
Smoking/Tobacco
Alcohol Poisoning symptoms:
- large amounts of alcohol consumed in short amount of time
- person is unconscious
- person is cold, clammy, pale or blue skin
- person breathes less than 8 times per min
- person vomits and does not awaken
Smoking has dropped ___% in the past 4 decades
30%
Of those who stop smoking at clinics, about __% will resume smoking within one year.
75%
1 in _ americans smoke
3
_ of 4 smokers want to quit but cannot
3
For people 15-24 it’s the ___ leading cause of death.
2nd
How to help a suicidal person?
- Ask if they are thinking about killing themselves, ask how you can help.
- validate feelings, keep them safe.
- find someone they can talk to about it, talk to a dr, counselor, or minister.
- give them suicide hotline #
- lock up pills, get gun out of the house
- don’t leave them alone, take them to the hospital.
Long term effects of smoking:
- Cardiovascular disease: CHD, Stroke, Aortic aneurysm
- Lung Cancer: 80% due to smoking
- Increases LDL and Decreases Cholesterol- promotes plaque formation (obstruction of vessels- heart attack)
- COPD diseases: Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema
3 Factors that cause smoker’s cough:
Cilia are destroyed
Macrophages work less efficiently
Overproduction of mucous
If you live with a smoker you have a ___% greater chance of developing lung cancer
20-30%
Common traits of alcoholism
- Gregarious
- Impulsive
- Rebellious
Long term effects of Alcohol abuse
Cirrhosis of Liver: -Liver enlarged, destroyed cells are replaced by scar tissue(does not have the ability to detoxify)
Cardiomyopathy: weakened heart muscle
Cancer:
10x greater rate of cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas.
Ulcers
Increased BP
Increased strokes, and heart attacks
Effects of inhalants
- chemical solvents can damage protective fatty coating around brain cells, resulting in brain damage.
Types of smoke:
Mainstream: inhaled by smoker and exhaled into the atmosphere (first hand smoke)
sidestream: smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette (second hand smoke)
Two important neurotransmitters that are correlated with depression:
Serotonin
Norepinephrine (Adrenaline)
Most common symptom of depression:
Fatigue
