Quiz 5 2024 Flashcards
Which system is classified as a chemical buffer system that can serve as the first line of defense against shifts in pH?
phosphate buffer system
Which volatile acid presents a daily challenge to the normal pH?
Carbon Dioxide
What happens to plasma bicarbonate concentration during respiratory acidosis?
increases
What is the diagnosis for the following set of values?
pH = 7.062
HCO3 = 13 mEq/L
PCO2 = 67 mm Hg
Mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis
What is the diagnosis for the following set of values?
pH = 7.521
HCO3 = 36 mEq/L
PCO2 = 55 mm Hg
Metabolic alkalosis with partial respiratory compensation
What is the diagnosis for the following set of values?
pH = 7.221
HCO3 = 8.5 mEq/L
PCO2 = 22 mm Hg
Metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation
Which ganglia in the enteric nervous system is located between the submucosa and circular muscle?
Meissner’s plexus
Which substance is a GI paracrine involved in stimulating hydrogen ion secretion by gastric parietal cells?
Histamine
Which neuromodulator causes relaxation of smooth muscle and increases intestinal secretions?
Vasoactive Intestinal peptide
Which route does a hormone take to reach its target tissue?
Travels through the blood stream
Which substance is secreted in higher concentrations at high rates of saliva production?
HOC3-
In what area of the stomach does mixing of digesta occur?
Caudad region
What is secreted by mucous neck cells in the oxyntic glands of the stomach?
Mucous
What two substances form the barrier to damage by acid and pepsin in the gastric mucosa? Choose all that apply.
Bicarbonate
Mucous
Which portion of pancreatic secretions is stimulated by products of digestion?
Enzymatic
What substances in bile function to emulsify lipids for digestion and assist in absorbing lipid products of digestion?
Bile salts
How are glucose, galactose, and fructose absorbed from the enterocyte into blood?
GLUT 2
Which enzyme is released by the pancreas and is an endopeptidase?
Chymotrypsin
How is free iron transported from the enterocyte into blood?
Ferroportin
Which hormone influences sodium absorption and potassium secretion in cells of the colon?
Aldesterone
Which substance is secreted in exchange for chloride absorption in enterocytes of the ileum?
HOC3-
During the absorptive phase in the liver, which compound leaves the mitochondria and contributes to fatty acid synthesis?
Citrate
What do true carnivores primarily use for gluconeogenesis?
Glucogenic amino acids
During the post-absorptive phase, which amino acid is used by the skeletal muscle to transfer nitrogen (amino acid group) to the liver as it transaminates branched-chain amino acids for energy?
Alanine
What is the main precursor for gluconeogenesis in ruminants?
Propionate
