Quiz 1 2023 Flashcards
What is the interstitial fluid volume (L) of a sheep weighing 77kg? Show your work, include units in your answer
77 kg X 16 %
77 kg X .16 = 12.3 L
What substance is a major anion in the ICF
Organic phosphate
Which transporter indirectly uses energy by using the Na+ gradient to transport glucose against it concentration gradient
Na+ / Gloucester co-transporter (SGLT 1)
If a cell with a normal osmolarity is placed into an extracellular solution with an osmolarity of 240 moms/L, where will water move via osmosis
Water will move from the extracellular solution into the cell
How would a solution of 270 mOsm/ L be described when compared to a solution of 250 mOsm/L
Hyperosmotic
Solution A has an osmolarity 245 mOsm/L and solution B has an osmolarity of 230 mOsm/ L. Which solution has a greater osmotic pressure
Solution A
Which ion is most commonly responsible for despolarizing the membrane potential?
Na+
Which events is/are associated with depolarization? Ore than one may be correct
Closing of Na+ inactivation gates
Opening of K+ channels
Which characteristic would allow an action potential to propagate the farthest?
Internal resistance is low
Which neurotransmitter is considered to be inhibitory?
Glycine
Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and can use either ioniotropic or metabotropic receptors?
Glutamate
What is the second messenger that, along with calcium will activate protein kinase C in the phospholipids C system
DAG
Which type of axon would carry motor signals to skeletal muscle
Somatic efferent
Which area of the CNS is the intermediate in receiving sensory information to pass on the cerebrum?
Brainstem
Which major division on the CNS contains the hypothalamus, which is involved in regulation of hormone secretion from the pituitary gland?
Forebrain
All preganglionic neurons in the automatic nervous system releases ACh?
True
Where are the cell bodies of the PSNS preganglionic neurons located?
Brainstem or spinal cord
Which adrenergic receptor will cause relaxation of smooth muscle when stimulated?
Beta 2
Which adrenergic receptor causes inhibition of neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic terminal?
Alpha 2
Which receptor is/are stimulators in the PSNS and use the phospholipase C signaling pathway?
M1
M3
M5
To which subunit of troponin does calcium bind when intracellular calcium concentration rises?
Troponin C
Within the myofibril, where does the force of concentration develop?
A band
How does extracellular calcium enter cardiac cells during a muscle contraction?
L-type calcium channels
Which structures replace sacromeres in smooth muscles?
Dense bodies
Which enzyme changes myosin head conformation to allow it to bind actin in smooth muscle?
Myosin light-chain kinase
