Quiz 1 2024 Flashcards
What is the ECF volume of a 150 KG pig (L)?
30 L
Which substance is a major anion in the ECF
HCO3-
Which transporter directly uses energy to move its solute?
Ca2+ ATPase
If a cell with normal osmolarity is placed in a solution that is 330 moms/L, where will water move via osmosis
Water will move from the cell to the solution
Solution A has a osmolarity of 245 mOsm/L and solution B has an osmolarity of 230 mOsm/L Which solution has the greater osmotic pressure
Solution A
Which events is / are associated with repolarization
Opening of K+ channels and closing Na+ inactivation gates
Which statement apply to myelination of nerve fibers
- myelination decrease capacitance
- at nodes of river, membrane resistance is low
- myelination increases membrane resistance
- myelination increases capacitance
- myelination decreases membrane resistance
- at nodes of ranvier, membrane resistance is high
Myelination decreases capacitance
At nodes of ranvier membrane resistance is low
Myelination increases membrane resistance
Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and can use either ionotropic or metabotropic receptors
Glutamate
Which statement apply to inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
- Cl channels open
- post synaptic neuron is hyperpolarized
- Na+ and K+ channels open
- Post synaptic neuron is depolarized
Cl channels open
Post-synaptic neuron is hyperpolarized
Which CNS brain structure is most associated with coordination of volitional and stabilizing movements,as well as maintenance of posture
Cerebellum
VEGF-A expression ceases after the cardiovascular system is formed - true or false
False
When alpha 1 receptors are activated, which second messenger cascade is activated and what is the effect on vascular smooth muscle?
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
Phospholipase C
In the PNS, receptors on effector organs are nicotinic - true or false
False
Which fiber type has the smallest relative diameter and slowest conduction velocity
- alpha motor
- Gamma motor
- Type III sensory
- Post ganglionic autonomic
Post ganglionic autonomic
To which subunit of troponin does calcium bind when intracellular calcium concentration rises?
Troponin C
In cross bridge cycling, what causes myosin to release from actin, move towards the plus end of actin and bind a new site on actin?
ATP binding myosin head
What characteristics apply to slow twitch fibers
- Low oxidative capacity
- low vascular supply
- High vascular supply
- recruited last during a muscle contraction
- high oxidative capacity
- recruited first during a muscle contraction
Recruited first during a muscle contraction
High oxidative capacity
High vascular supply
How does extracellular calcium enter cardiac cells during a muscle contraction?
L-type calcium channels
Which enzyme changes myosin head conformation to allow it to bind to actin in smooth muscle?
Myosin light-chain kinase
Which substances can penetrate skin fairly well?
A. Fat-soluble vitamins
B. Water
C. Alcohols
D. CO2
E. O2
A, C, D, & E
Which characteristics apply to apocrine sweat glands?
A. Secrete into duct connected to pilosebaceous canal
B. Secrete only a watery fluid hypotonic to plasma
C. Secrete proteins and lipids in addition to typical sweat components
D. Secrete into duct connected to skin surface
A & C
What is the description/function of a Neutrophil?
Granules supply lysosomal enzymes and hydrogen peroxide to digest and kill
How many oxygen molecules can be bound in one hemoglobin molecule?
4
Which compounds are formed in a primary platelet plug and help stabilize the plug to ultimately form a clot?
Fibrin and Thrombin
What is the description/function of a Monocyte?
Transforms to a macrophage before using acidic pH, enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide to kill
What is the description/function of an Eosinophil?
Granules contain histaminase to dampen/stop allergic reactions
What is the description/function of a Basophil?
Contains cell-surface receptors for IgE and granules contain substances to enhance allergic reactions
What is the description/function of a Lymphocyte?
Involved in killing or inactivating antigens, and creating memory cells to respond to antigens when exposed in the future
