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ANATOMY II > QUIZ 4 QUESTIONS > Flashcards

QUIZ 4 QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

THE NORMAL URINARY OUTPUT OF A HEALTHY KIDNEY IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD IS BETWEEN
________ AND ______ LITERS.

A

1.0, 1.8

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2
Q

THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD PLASMA FILTERED BY A NORMAL KIDNEY IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD IS
BETWEEN __________ AND ________ LITERS

A

150 & 180

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3
Q

THE NORMAL RANGE FOR GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN A PERSON’S BLOOD IS ________
mg/100ml OF BLOOD

A

80-120mg

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4
Q

NAME TWO ABNORMAL URINARY CONSTITUENTS

A

Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells

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5
Q

DEFINE: ACID ASH FOODS

A

Foods which increase the acidity of the urine

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6
Q

A DIET HIGH IN PROTEINS WOULD RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A URINALYSIS TEST?

A

pH lower than 4.5

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7
Q

_______________ IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A CONDITION OF HIGH BLOOD ACIDITY

A

Acidosis

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8
Q

A ________________ DIET INCREASES THE pH OF URINE

A

Vegetarian

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9
Q

A STRICT VEGETARIAN DIET MAY RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A URINALYSIS TEST?

A

Higher than 8.0

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10
Q

A BACTERIAL INFECTION OF THE URINARY TRACT, WOULD RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A
URINALYSIS TEST?

A

Higher than 8.0

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11
Q

________ IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF BILE PIGMENTS IN URINE

A

Bilirubinuria

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12
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF BILIRUBINURIA

A

Cirrhosis

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13
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF CASTS

A

High salt concentration

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14
Q

DEFINE: CASTS

A

Hardened cell fragments flushed out of the urinary tract

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15
Q

NAME ONE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS USED TO IDENTIFY NORMAL URINE

A

Color

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16
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL COLOR OF URINE?

A

Yellow

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17
Q

MOST NEPHRONS CALLED _____________, ARE LOCATED ENTIRELY WITHIN THE CORTEX

A

Cortical nephrons

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18
Q

NAME ONE OF THE BACTERIA THAT MAY CAUSE NITRITES IN THE URINE

A

E. coli

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19
Q

WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE, SMOOTH OR SKELETAL, IS FOUND IN THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL
SPHINCTER

A

Skeletal

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE FEMALE URETHRA?

A

4 cm

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21
Q

_______________ , THE ROLE OF THE GLOMERULUS, IS A LARGELY PASSIVE PROCESS IN
WHICH A PORTION OF THE BLOOD PASSES FROM THE GLOMERULAR BED TO THE
GLOMERULAR CAPSULE

A

Filtration

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22
Q

NAME ONE OF THE THREE FUNCTIONS OF THE NEPHRON

A

Filtration

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23
Q

PODOCYTES HAVE LONG, BRANCHING PROCESSES, ____________, THAT INTERDIGITATE
WITH OTHER PODOCYTES.

A

Foot processes

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24
Q

A DIET EXCESSIVELY HIGH IN CARBOHYDRATES CAN LEAD TO A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF
_________________ IN URINE

A

Glucose

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25
Q

IN PERITONEAL DYALISATE CONTAINS ____ & ____

A

Glucose and Salts

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26
Q

DEFINE: GLYCOSURIA

A

Abnormally high blood sugar levels in urine

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27
Q

GIVE A CAUS FOR GLYCOSURIA

A

High Carbohydrate intake

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28
Q

____ IS THE TERM FOR TH PRESENCE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN URINE

A

Hematuria

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29
Q

GIVE A CAUSE FOR HEMATURIA

A

physical trauma

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30
Q

GIVE A CAUSE FOR HEMOGLOBINURIA

A

Lysis of red blood cells

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31
Q

_____ IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN URINE

A

Hemoglobinuria

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32
Q

THE KIDNEY MAINTAINS THE ELECTROLYTE, ACID-BASE, AND FLUID BALANCES OF THE BLOOD AND IS THUS A MAJOR ____ ORGAN OF THE BODY.

A

Homeostatic Organ

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33
Q

LACK OF VOLUNTARY CONTROL OVER THE EXTERNAL SPHINCTER IS REFERRED TO AS?

A

Incontinence

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34
Q

IN WHAT AGE GROUP IS INCONTINENCE NORMAL?

A

Children 2 years or younger

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35
Q

GIVE ONE CAUS FOR INCONTINENCE IN OLDER CHILDREN AND ADULTS

A

Result of spinal injury

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36
Q

WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE, SMOOTH OR SKELETAL IS FOUND IN THE INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER

A

smooth

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37
Q

______ CELLS FUNCTION AS BLOOD PRESSURE SENSORS IN THE WALLS OF THE AFFERENT ARTERIOLE NEAR THE GLOMERULUS

A

Granular cells

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38
Q

NAME ONE OF THE COMPONENTS OF JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

A

Granular Cells

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39
Q

EACH NEPHRON HAS A REGION CALLED THE _____, THAT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FORMING CONCENTRATED URINE

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Complex (JGA/JGC)

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40
Q

PARTS OF THE LOOPS OF HENLE OF THE ______ NEPHRONS PENETRATE WELL INTO THE MEDULLA

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

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41
Q

GIVE A CAUSE OF KETONURIA

A

starvation

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42
Q

DEFINE: KETONURIA

A

A condition in which a person has a very high concentration of ketones in urine

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43
Q

THE____ IS A SPECIALIZED GROUP OF COLUMNAR CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS IN THE DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE ABUTTING THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS?

A

Macula Densa

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44
Q

WHAT IS THE LEGTH OF THE MALE URETHRA?

A

8 inches

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45
Q

THE PARASYMPATHETIC REFLEX THAT STARTS EACH TIME 200 mL OF URINE ACCUMULATE IN THE BLADDER IS CALLED?

A

Micturition Reflex

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46
Q

NITRITES IN THE URINE MAY BE INDICATIVE OF WHAT KIND OF INFECTION?

A

BACTERIAL INFECTION

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47
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND LEUKOCYTES IN URINE?

A

no

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48
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND NITRITES IN URINE?

A

no

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49
Q

NAME TWO NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE, OTHER THAN WATER AND SODIUM

A

Potassium, calcium

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50
Q

THE ACTION OF _____ GIVES STANDING URINE AN AMMONIA-LIKE ODOR

A

BACTERIA

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51
Q

THE URINE OF AN INDIVIDUAL WITH DIABETES MELLITUS HAS AN ODOR THAT SMELLS LIKE _____

A

fruity-like

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52
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL ODOR OF URINE?

A

SLIGHTLY AROMATIC

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53
Q

NAME AN EXAMPLE OF AN ORGANIZED SEDIMENT THAT MAY BE FOUND ABNORMALLY IN URINE

A

CASTS, EPITHELIAL CELLS

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54
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF PATHOLOGICAL ALBUMINURIA

A

damage by bacterial toxins, damage due to hypertension

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55
Q

____IS THE INFLAMMATION OF THE SAC AROUND THE HEART CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE

A

PERICARDITIS

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56
Q

____ARE THE FAT DEPOSITS THAT SURROUND THE KIDNEYS

A

Perirenal Fat Capsules

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57
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL pH FOR URINE?

A

4.5–8.0/average 6.0

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58
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ALBUMINURIA

A

Excessive exertion/ pregnancy

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59
Q

DEFINE: PYELONEPHRITIS

A

inflammation of the kidney

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60
Q

_____IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN URINE

A

PYURIA

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61
Q

GIVE A CAUSE OF PYURIA

A

inflammation of the urianryy tract

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62
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF RENAL CALCULI

A

precipitates of substances normally held in solution

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63
Q

NAME ONE INORGANIC COMPONENT NORMALLY FOUND IN URINE

A

sulfates/ phosphates/ chlorides

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64
Q

IN HEMODYALYSIS _____ARE REMOVED FROM THE BLOOD

A

TOXIC SUBSTANCES

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65
Q

THE TRIANGULAR REGION OF THE BLADDER DELINEATED BY 3 OPENINGS, TWO URETERS AND THE URETHRA, IS REFERRED TO AS THE ______

A

TRIGONE

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66
Q

DURING_____, MANY OF THE FILTRATE COMPONENTS MOVE THROUGH TUBULE CELLS AND RETURN TO THE BLOOD IN THE PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

A

tubular reabsorption

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67
Q

______, THE REVERSE OF TUBULAR REABSORPTION, IS IMPORTANT FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SUBSTANCE NOT ALREADY IN THE FILTRATE AND AS A DEVICE TO CONTROL BLOOD pH

A

TUBULAR SECRETION

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68
Q

IN A PREPARED URINE SAMPLE, ______ ARE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES THAT FORM CRYSTALS OR PRECIPITATE FROM SOLUTION

A

Unorganized Sediments

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69
Q

NAME ONE UNORGANIZED SEDIMENT

A

Calcium/ phosphates

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70
Q

_____ IS THE NAME GIVEN TO ABNORMAL BRAIN FUNCTION CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE

A

UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

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71
Q

NAME TWO PARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

A

Kidneys, ureters

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72
Q

DEFINE: UROBILINOGEN

A

by-product of bilirubin reduction

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73
Q

DEFINE: UROCHROME

A

PIGMENT WHICH GIVES URINE ITS

YELLOW COLOR

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74
Q

____________ IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH URINE EMPTIES

FROM THE BLADDER

A

Urination

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75
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND SULFATES IN URINE?

A

YES

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76
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND CHLORIDES IN URINE?

A

yes

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77
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND PHOSPHATES IN URINE?

A

yes

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78
Q

THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL CAN
VARY BETWEEN ________ AND _________.

A

1.003 AND 1.030

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79
Q

A LOWER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY FROM A URINE SAMPLE SHOULD BE BELOW
__________.

A

1.003

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80
Q

A HIGHER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY FROM A URINE SAMPLE IS ABOVE __________.

A

1.030

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81
Q

MANY DOCTORS USE DIALYSIS PREVENTIVELY IN _____________ WHEN URINE OUTPUT IS
LOW AND CONTINUE UNTIL KIDNEY FUNCTION IS RESTORED

A

Acute kidney failure

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82
Q

IN HEMODIALYSIS A __________________ IS SURGICALLY CREATED TO FACILITATE THE
REMOVAL & RETURN OF BLOOD

A

ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA

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83
Q

IN HEMODIALYSIS AN _______________ SEPARATES THE BLOOD FROM THE DIALYSATE.

A

Artificial membrane

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84
Q

IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS A ___________ IS INSERTED IN THE ABDOMINAL WALL AND IS USED
TO PUMP THROUGH THE DIALYSATE

A

Catheter

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85
Q

FOR __________________, DIALYSIS MAY BE BEGUN WHEN KIDNEY’S AREN’T REMOVING
WASTE PRODUCTS ADEQUATELY OR WHEN A PATIENT CAN NO LONGER PERFORM NORMAL
DAILY ACTIVITIES

A

Chronic kidney failure

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86
Q

A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM ___________ WILL
HAVE A LOWER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY.

A

Diabetes insipidus

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87
Q

A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM ___________ WILL
HAVE A HIGHER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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88
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE OUTCOMES OF A SUCCESSFUL DIALYSIS PROGRAM

A

Reasonable diet/Normal blood pressure

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89
Q

WHAT CAN DIALYSIS BE USED TO TREAT?

A

Long term kidney failure

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90
Q

HOW OFTEN IS DIALYSIS NORMALLY PERFORMED?

A

3 times a week

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91
Q

IN THE PROCESS CALLED ______________________, BLOOD IS REMOVED FROM THE BODY
AND PUMPED INTO A MACHINE THAT FILTERS THE TOXIC SUBSTANCES OUT OF THE BLOOD
AND THEN RETURNS THE PURIFIED BLOOD TO THE PATIENT

A

Hemodialysis

92
Q

A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM DIABETES MELLITUS
WILL HAVE A ________ THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

Higher

93
Q

A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM ALBUMINURIA WILL
HAVE A ____________ THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

Higher

94
Q

IN HEMODIALYSIS THE COMPOSITION OF THE DIALYSATE IS SIMILAR TO _______________.

A

Normal body fluids

95
Q

IN ______________________ THE DIALYSATE DRAINS BY GRAVITY.

A

Peritoneal dialysis

96
Q

IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, THE _______________, A MEMBRANE IN THE ABDOMEN, IS USED
AS THE FILTER

A

Peritoneum

97
Q

WHAT IS THE URINOMETER USED TO MEASURE?

A

Specific gravity of the urine

98
Q

NAME ONE CONDITION CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE FOR WHICH DOCTORS RECOMMEND
DIALYSIS.

A

Pericarditis

99
Q

GIVE THE SPECIFIC NAME OF THE ENTIRE LAB APPARATUS USED TO MEASURE SPECIFIC
GRAVITY OF URINE

A

Urinometer

100
Q

NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE URINOMETER THAT HOLDS THE URINE SAMPLE

A

Urinometer cylinder

101
Q

NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE URINOMETER THAT MOVES HIGHER OR LOWER
DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE URINE SAMPLE

A

Urinometer float

102
Q

NAME 2 COMPONENTS REMOVED DURING HEMODIALYSIS

A

Waste products and toxic substances

103
Q

WHAT DOES 2n, DIPLOID COMPLIMENT REFER TO IN TERMS OF CHROMOSOME #?

A

46

104
Q

LOBULES CONTAIN GLANDULAR ______________ THAT PRODUCE MILK DURING LACTATION

A

Alveoli

105
Q

THE TERMINUS OF THE DUCTUS DEFERENS ENLARGES TO FORM THE REGION CALLED THE _______________

A

Ampulla

106
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO OUTER VISIBLE STRUCTURES OF THE BREASTS

A

Nipple / Areola

107
Q

NAME THE DEEPER ENDOMETRIAL LAYER THAT FORMS A NEW FUNCTIONALIS LAYER AFTER MENSTRUATION ENDS

A

Basal Layer

108
Q

DEFINE: CHIASMATA

A

allow maternal and paternal chromosomes to exchange genetic material

109
Q

DEFINE: CIRCUMCISION

A

Removal of foreskin

110
Q

WHAT FEMALE STRUCTURE IS HOMOLOGUS TO THE MALE PENIS?

A

Clitoris

111
Q

NAME THE TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS OF SEMEN

A

Sperm and Seminal Fluid

112
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE RADIATING CROWN OF GRANULOSA CELLS THAT SURROUND THE GROWING SECONDARY OOCYTE INSIDE OF THE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE?

A

Corona Radiata

113
Q

IF FERTILIZATION DOES NOT OCCUR THE CORPUS LUTEUM WILL DEGENERATE INTO THE _______________, SCAR TISSUE

A

Corpus Albicans

114
Q

DEFINE: ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

A

Fertilized egg may implant in a uterine tube

115
Q

DURING ______________, CONTRACTION OF THE EJACULATORY DUCT PROPELS SPERM THROUGH THE PROSTATE TO THE PROSTATIC URETHRA

A

Ejaculation

116
Q

THE ENGORGING OF THE PENIS WITH BLOOD DURING AROUSAL IS CALLED AN _______________

A

Erection

117
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME GIVEN TO THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA OF THE FEMALE?

A

Vulva

118
Q

A FOLLICLE IS ENCASED BY ONE OR MORE LAYERS OF _______________ CELLS

A

smaller (follicle cells if 1 layer)

119
Q

THE SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF THE ENDOMETRIUM THAT SLOUGHS OFF ABOUT EVERY 28 DAYS IS CALLED THE _________________

A

Functional Layer

120
Q

DEFINE: GAMETOGENESIS

A

Process of gamete formation

121
Q

THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE OVARY IS CALLED?

A

Germinal epithelium

122
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM USED TO NAME LUETINIZING HORMONE (LH)?*

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

123
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF INTERSTITIAL CELLS?

A

Cells prompted by LH to produce testosterone

124
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM USED TO NAME INTERSTITIAL CELLS?

A

Leydig Cells

125
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION THE LACTIFEROUS DUCTS?

A

Ducts which the alveoli of each lobule pass the milk

126
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LACTIFEROUS SINUS?

A

Expanded storage of chamber

127
Q

EACH MAMMARY GLAND CONSISTS OF 15‐25 _____________ WHICH RADIATE AROUND THE NIPPLE AND ARE SEPARATED BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE AND ADIPOSE TISSUES

A

Lobes

128
Q

WITHIN EACH LOBE OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS ARE SMALLER CHAMBERS CALLED __________

A

Lobules

129
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS?

A

To produce milk to nourish the newborn infant

130
Q

DEFINE: MENARCHE

A

1st menstruation

131
Q

DEFINE: MENOPAUSE

A

When menstruation cycle stops

132
Q

WHICH DAYS IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE DO THE MENSES OCCUR?

A

Days 1-5

133
Q

DEFINE: MENSES (DON’T NEED TO INCLUDE DATES IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE WHEN THIS OCCURS)

A

The thickened endometrium is sloughed off and bleeding occurs.

134
Q

THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT THAT ANCHORS THE UTERUS IS CALLED THE _______________

A

Mesometrium

135
Q

THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT THAT ANCHORS THE UTERINE TUBES IS CALLED THE _______________

A

Mesosalpinx

136
Q

WHAT IS FOUND IN THE MIDPIECE OF THE SPERM?

A

A centriole with mitochondria wrapped around it

137
Q

WHAT IS THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEIOSIS I AND MITOSIS? (GIVE PHASE AND DESCRIBE HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME ARRANGEMENT)

A

In Metaphase of Meiosis I - replicated homologous chromosomes line up next to each other

138
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE STEM CELL THAT REPLICATES IT’S CHROMOSOMES BEFORE MEIOSIS I?

A

Mother Cell

139
Q

WHAT DOES n, HAPLOID COMPLIMENT REFER TO IN TERMS OF CHROMOSOME #?

A

23

140
Q

WHAT IS GAMETE FORMATION IN THE HUMAN FEMALE CALLED?

A

Oogenesis

141
Q

DEFINE: OOGONIA

A

Primitive stem cells

142
Q

LIST IN ORDER, THE STAGES OF OOGENESIS, FROM AN IMMATURE TO A MATURE STRUCTURE. (LIST ONLY THE VIABLE CELLS. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

Oogonium -> Primary Oocytes –> Secondary Oocytes –> Ovum

143
Q

NAME ONE OF THE LIGAMENTS THAT SUPPORT THE OVARIES

A

Ovarian Ligament

144
Q

WHAT IS THE ONLY TRUE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN OF THE FEMALE

A

Ovaries

145
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE ROUTE TRAVELED BY AN UNFERTILIZED EGG FROM ITS SITE OF MANUFACTURE UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BODY (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE PATH)

A

Ovary –> Fimbrae –> Fallopian Tube–> Uterus –> Vagina –> Vaginal Orifice

146
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE TWO CELLS THAT ARE PRODUCED AFTER MEIOSIS II IN THE HUMAN FEMALE

A

Ovum / Second Polar Body

147
Q

THE DIAMOND-SHAPED REGION BETWEEN THE LABIAL FOLDS ANTERIORLY, THE ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES LATERALLY AND THE ANUS POSTERIORLY IS CALLED THE _________

A

Perineum

148
Q

DEFINE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

A

Inflammation of the pelvic viscera

149
Q

GIVE A CAUSE OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

A

STDs

150
Q

DEFINE: PTOSIS (NEPHROPTOSIS)

A

dropping of the kidneys to a lower position in the abdominal cavity

151
Q

AS THE FOLLICLE GROWS, ITS EPITHELIUM CHANGES FROM SQUAMOUS TO CUBOIDAL CELLS AND COMES TO BE CALLED A ____________

A

Primary Follicle

152
Q

BEFORE BIRTH A FEMALE HUMAN HAS HER LIFETIME SUPPLY OF OOGONIA REACH THE ______________ STEP OF OOGENESIS / GAMETE DEVELOPMENT (GIVE THE STATE / TYPE OF CELL AS YOUR ANSWER)

A

Primary Oocyte

153
Q

OOGONIA BECOME ENCAPSULATED BY A SINGLE LAYER OF SQUAMOUSLIKE FOLLICLE CELLS AND FORM THE ______________ OF THE OVARY

A

Primordial Cells

154
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE STAGES OF MITOSIS (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

(PMAT) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

155
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE EIGHT STAGES OF MEIOSIS. (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2

156
Q

NAME TWO OF THE ACCESSORY GLANDS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A

Prostate Gland / Seminal Vesicle

157
Q

NAME ONE OF THE REGIONS OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

Prostatic urethra , Membranous Urethra

158
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?

A

Perpetuation of species

159
Q

HYPERTROPHY (ENLARGEMENT) OF THE PROSTATE GLAND WILL RESULT IN WHAT CONDITION?

A

Constriction of urethra

160
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO LIGAMENTS THAT WHICH HELP ATTACH THE UTERUS TO THE BODY WALL

A

Round ligaments / Uterosacral ligaments

161
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE TWO CELLS THAT ARE PRODUCED AFTER MEIOSIS I IN THE HUMAN FEMALE

A

Secondary oocyte/ First polar body

162
Q

AFTER MEIOSIS I, TETRADS HAVE DIVIDED INTO _____________, WHICH ARE A PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES HELD TOGETHER AT CENTROMERES

A

Dyads

163
Q

WHAT IS THE ONLY REPRODUCTIVE PRODUCT OF THE TESTIS?

A

Sperm

164
Q

THE PRIMITIVE MALE STEM CELLS ARE CALLED _____________

A

Spermatogonia

165
Q

THE DUCTUS DEFERENS IS ENCLOSED ALONG WITH BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES IN A CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATH CALLED THE _____________________

A

Spermatic Chord

166
Q

THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN SPERM, BEGINNING AT PUBERTY AND CONTINUING THROUGHTOUT LIFE IS CALLED______________

A

Spermatogenesis

167
Q

LIST IN ORDER, THE STAGES OF SPERMATOGENESIS, FROM AN IMMATURE TO A MATURE STRUCTURE. (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

Spermatogonium ->Primary Spermatocyte ->Secondary Spermatocyte -> Spermatids ->Spermatozoa (mature sperm)

168
Q

DEFINE: SPERMIOGENESIS

A

Maturation of Spermatids into mature sperm or spermatozoa

169
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF SUSTENTACULAR CELLS?

A

Sertoli Cells

170
Q

WHEN DOES SYNAPSIS OCCUR?

A

In Prophase 1 of Meiosis 1

171
Q

DEFINE: SYNAPSIS

A

Pairing of homologous chromosomes (in prophase 1 of meiosis 1)

172
Q

WHAT IS THE ONLY TRUE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN OF THE MALE

A

Testis

173
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE ROUTE TRAVELED BY A SPERM FROM ITS SITE OF MANUFACTURE UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BODY (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE PATH)

A

Testis -> Epididymis -> Vas Deferens -> Ejaculatory Duct -> Prostatic Urethra ->Penile Urethra -> External Urethral Orifice

174
Q

DEFINE: TETRADS

A

Little groups of 4 Chromatids (formed during Prophase of Meiosis 1)

175
Q

DEFINE: ERECTION

A

When penis is engorged with blood during sexual excitement

176
Q

THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE STROMA ADJACENT TO THE MATURE FOLLICLE FORMS A CAPSULE CALLED THE ______________

A

Theca Folliculi

177
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE STAGES OF THE UTERINE/ MENSTRUAL CYCLE?

A

Menstrual, Proliferative, Secretory

178
Q

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF VASECTOMY

A

It leads to sterility of a man.

179
Q

GIVE THE DEFINITION OF VASECTOMY

A

Cutting of ducts or vas deferens

180
Q

THE MATURE FOLLICLE IS CALLED ________________

A

Graafian Follicle

181
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE FOUND IN THE VESTIBULE, WHICH IS BORDERED/ ENCLOSED BY THE LABIA MINORA?

A

Clitoris, Urethral Orifice and Vaginal Orifice

182
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 15‐25 OF THE SECRETORY PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐ PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN, FSH and LH

A

HIGH Estrogen Levels INHIBIT further FSH and LH production

183
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 14 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETION OF LH

A

LH surge causes mature follicle to release secondary oocyte.

184
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE MENSTRUAL PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN, FSH AND LH

A

Estrogen and Progesterone are LOW, FSH and LH are secreted

185
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 6‐ 12 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN AND FSH

A

Follicle will produce Estrogen. FSH production will be INHIBITED.

186
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF OOGENESIS

A

Secondary oocyte will complete Meiotic Cycle up to Metaphase stage of Meiosis 2.

187
Q

LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 14 OF THE
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL
OF THE OVARIAN CYCLE AND OOGENESIS

A

Phases: ovarian cycle and oogenesis
Event: ovulation AND empty follicle turns into corpus luteum

188
Q

LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING
DAY 6‐ 12 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐
PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARIES (OVARIAN CYCLE)

A

Phase: follicular (ovarian phase)
Event: One follicle begins to mature

189
Q

LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE MENSTRUAL
PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE
OVARIES (OVARIAN CYCLE)

A

Phase: follicular (ovarian cycle)
Event: Several ovarian follicles to begin to enlarge

190
Q

LIST THE PHASES AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 15‐25 OF THE
SECRETORY PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐ PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF
THE OVARY (OVARIAN CYCLE)

A

Phase: Luteal (ovarian cycle)
Event: corpus luteum secretes estrogen & progesterone. No follicular development.

191
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE ROUTE TRAVELED BY AN UNFERTILIZED EGG FROM
ITS SITE OF MANUFACTURE UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BODY (LIST ONLY. DO NOT
DESCRIBE PATH)

A

ovary - fimbriae - fallopian tube - uterus - vagina - vaginal orifice

192
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE STAGES OF MITOSIS (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE
STAGES)

A

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

193
Q

LIST IN ORDER, THE STAGES OF SPERMATOGENESIS, FROM AN IMMATURE TO A
MATURE STRUCTURE. (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

spermatogonium - primary spermatocyte - secondary spermatocyte - spermatids - spermatozoa

194
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE ROUTE TRAVELED BY A SPERM FROM
ITS SITE OF MANUFACTURE UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BODY (LIST
ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE PATH)

A

testis - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - prostatic urethra - penile urethra - external urethral orifice

195
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐PREGNANT
WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE UTERUS (UTERINE CYCLE)

A

endometrium develops

196
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE
MENSTRUAL PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON‐PREGNANT
WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE UTERUS (UTERINE CYCLE)

A

Endometrium sloughs off. Menstruation occurs.

197
Q

IN HUMANS THE __________________ IS THE STRUCTURAL BASIS ON WHICH THE MESODERM MIGRATES TO FORM THE BODY STALK OR
UMBILICAL CORD.

A

Embryonic disk

198
Q

THE _______________ ENCASES THE YOUNG EMBRYONIC BODY IN A FLUID FILLED CHAMBER
THAT PROTECTS THE EMBRYO AGAINST MECHANICAL TRAUMA AND TEMPERATURE
EXTREMES AND PREVENTS ADHESIONS DURING RAPID EMBRYONIC GROWTH

A

Amnion

199
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING
IMPLANTATION (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES

A

Gastrulation > Formation of primary cell layers > Fetus

200
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE BLASTULA IN THE HUMAN?

A

Gastrula

201
Q

ONCE FERTILIZATION HAS OCCURRED, THE ZYGOTE BEGINS TO DIVIDE, FORMING A MASS OF
SUCCESSIVELY SMALLER AND SMALLER CELLS CALLED ______________

A

Blastomeres

202
Q

AFTER THE CLEAVAGE STAGES THE CELL MASS HOLLOWS OUT TO BECOME THE EMBRYONIC
FORM CALLED THE ___________

A

Blastocyst

203
Q

THE PART OF THE PLACENTA WHERE ALL EXCHANGES TO AND FROM THE EMBRYO/ FETUS IS
CALLED THE ____________

A

Chorionic villi

204
Q

THE SERIES OF MITOTIC DIVISIONS WITHOUT INTERVENING GROWTH PERIODS IS REFERRED
TO AS ______________

A

Cleavage stages

205
Q

THE PORTION OF THE UTERINE WALL BENEATH THE ICM, DESTINED TO TAKE PART IN
PLACENTA FORMATION IS CALLED THE _________________

A

Decidua basalis

206
Q

THE PORTION OF THE UTERINE WALL SURROUNDING THE BLASTOCYST NEAR THE UTERINE
LUMEN OR CAVITY IS CALLED THE __________________

A

Trophoblast

207
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE THREE BASIC ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ALL
ANIMALS

A

Morphogenesis

208
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT THAT FOLLOWS THE BLASTULA?

A

Early gastrula

209
Q

IN THE HUMANS THE ECTODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?

A

Nervous system

210
Q

IN THE HUMANS THE ENDODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?

A

Digestive system

211
Q

DEFINE: FERTILIZATION

A

Fusion of sperm and egg cell

212
Q

AFTER THE NINTH WEEK OF DEVELOPMENT THE EMBRYO IS REFERRED TO AS THE
_____________

A

Fetus

213
Q

THE FORMATION OF THREE DISTINCT CELL TYPES IN THE GASTRULA IS CALLED ____________

A

Gastrulation

214
Q

DEFINE: HUMAN ZYGOTE

A

Fused sperm and egg cell

215
Q

THE CELLS OF THE BLASTOCYST THAT WILL FORM THE EMBRYONIC BODY ARE CALLED
__________

A

Embryonic stem cell

216
Q

THE INTERVILLOUS SPACES ARE FILLED WITH WHAT DURING LIFE?

A

Blood

217
Q

IN THE HUMANS THE MESODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?

A

Skeletal system

218
Q

THE SOLID BALL OF 32 CELL CLEAVAGE STAGE OF THE EMBRYO IS CALLED ___________

A

Morula

219
Q

THE COMPOSITE OF THE UTERINE LINING AND THE CHORIONIC VILLI IS CALLED THE
__________________

A

Placenta

220
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE PRIMARY GERM CELL LAYERS

A

Endoderm

221
Q

THE CELLS OF THE BLASTOCYST THAT WILL BECOME THE CHORION AND PLACENTA ARE
CALLED THE _____________

A

Blastomeres

222
Q

IN HUMANS THE ALLANTOIS IS THE STRUCTURAL BASIS ON WHICH THE MESODERM
MIGRATES TO FORM THE BODY STALK ALSO CALLED THE ____________________

A

Umbilical cord

223
Q

THE EMBRYO’S FIRST BLOOD CELLS ORIGINATE AND THE PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS MIGRATE
FROM THE _____________ TO THE EMBRYO’S BODY TO SEED THE GONADAL TISSUE

A

Yolk sac

224
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO STRUCTURES THAT SURROUND THE OVULATED EGG/ OVUM

A

Zona pellucida

225
Q

DEFINE: ZYGOTE

A

Fertilized egg

226
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE FIRST 4 STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ‐ UP TO
IMPLANTATION (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

Zygote > Early cleavage > Late cleavage/morula > Blastocyst/Blastocyst implantation

227
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE EIGHT STAGES OF MEIOSIS. (LIST ONLY. DO NOT
DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

PMAT (1), PMAT (2)

ANATOMY II (11 decks)

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