Lecture Exams 4 Flashcards
what are the 4 processes of respiration
i) pulmonary ventilation
ii) pulmonary gas exchnage
iii) gas transport
iv) tissue gas ecnage
define the pulmonary gas excahnge
movemnt of gases between lungs and the blood
define the as transport
movemnt of gases through the blood
define the tissue gas exchnage
movemnt of gases between issues and blood
what is the respiratory zone
the area whre gases are exchnage
what is the conducting zone
conduits through which air travels on its way in and out of the body as it is inhaled or exhaled
what are the structures of the conducting zones
nose and nasal cavity through the bronchioles
what are the strutures if the respiratory zone
aveoli
besides respiration, what other mechanisma is associated with the respiratory system
the mechanism of speech, sense of the smell, maintaning the bodys homestasis
proper functioning of the the respiratory system is critical in what
mainatining acid base balance in the extracelluar fluid
whats the function of the angiotensin-II
mainatain acid base homeostasis and is also critical in maintaining blood pressure and fluid homestasis
recap of the fucntions of respiration
● Producing speech and other vocalizations
● Detecting odors
● Helping to expel contents of the abdominopelvic cavity
● Assisting in the flow of venous blood and lymph in the thoracic
and abdominopelvic cavities
● Maintaining acid-base homeostasis
● Assisting in the production of angiotensin-II for maintenance
of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis
define the intrapulmonary pressure
pressure inisde lung decreases as lung volume increases
what time does pressure in the lungs decreases
inspiration
what time does pressure in the lungs increase
expiration
when pressure in the lung decreases, what happens with the lung volume
increase
when does the pleural cavity pressure becomes more negative
pleura cavity becomes negative as chest wall expands during inspiration
during what stage does pleura cavity returns to the intial value
when the chest wall recoils
what happens to airway resistance as smooth muscle relaxes
airway resistance decreases
as smooth muscle constracts, airway resistance …
increases
How does the respiratory system contribute to the
maintenance of homeostasis?
gas exchange and regualrion of pH
what is the relationship between pressure and volume
pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related—as the volume
of a container increases, the pressure the gas exerts on the container
decreases. The opposite is also true—as the volume of a
container decreases,
what hapens to the atmospheric pressure when you go under sea level
atmospheric pressure increases
During normal inspiration,
the intrapleural pressure
remains lower than the intrapulmonary
pressure.
When the volume of the lungs increases, the intrapulmonary pressure
decreases
relaxation of the brochial smooth muslce does what
increases the diameter of the the bronchioles
what are the physical factors that that affects pulmonary ventilation
i) air resistance
ii) alveolar surface tension
iii) pulmonary compliance
pulmonary compliance is primarily determined by 3 factors
i) degree of alveolar surface tension
ii) distensibility of elastic tissue in the lungs
iii) ability of the chest wall to move
define pulmonary compliance
physical factor that influences the effectiveness of gas
exchange
gas exchange consits if what 2 processes
i) pulmonary gas exchange
ii) tissue gas exchange
pulmonary gas exchange involves the exchange of gases between what and what
involves the exchange of gas between alveoli and blood
tissue gas exchange involves the exchange of gases between…
exchnage of gas between the blood systemic capillaries and the bodys cells
factors that affect efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange
i) Surface area of respiratory membrane
ii) Thickness of respiratory membrane
factors that affects efficiency of tissue gas exchange
i) surface
ii) distance
iii) perfusion of tissue
what is the daltons law of partial pressure
each gas in a
mixture exerts its own pressure, called its partial pressure
factors that cuases more oxygen unloading
i) temperature increase
ii) H+ concentration increase
iii) Pco2 increase
