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ANATOMY II > QUIZ 2 QUESTION > Flashcards

QUIZ 2 QUESTION Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN AN ANEMIC FEMALE (ANSWER IN CELLS per
mm3
)?

A

less than 4.3 million per mm3

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2
Q

What is the normal range of a red blood cell count in an anemic male( answer in cells per MM3)?

A

Less than 4.5 million per mm3

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3
Q

What is the normal range of a red blood cell count in an healthy Female (answer in cells per MM3)?

A

4.3 - 5.5 million cell per mm3

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4
Q

What is the normal range of a red blood cell count in an healthy Male ( answer in cells per MM3)?

A

4.5 - 6 million cells per mm3

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5
Q

What is the range of total Leukocytes in a healthy person ( answer in cells per MM3)?

A

5k to 10k cells per mm3

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6
Q

Name one function of HDL Cholesterol:

A

acts as a scavenger of cholesterol in the blood

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7
Q

Give another Name for an antibody:

A

Agglutinin

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8
Q

What is the percentage of the American population w/ type A blood?

A

39%

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9
Q

What is the percentage of the American population w/ type AB blood?

A

4%

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10
Q

What is the percentage of the American population w/ type B blood?

A

12%

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11
Q

What is the percentage of the American population w/ type O blood?

A

45%

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12
Q

Give another Name for an antibody

A

agglutinins

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13
Q

A person w/ type B agglutinogens has which type of agglutinins in their blood?

A

agglutinin A

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14
Q

A PERSON WITH TYPE A AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

A

agglutinin B

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15
Q

GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR AN ANTIGEN

A

agglutinogen

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16
Q

_ ARE LEUKOCYTES THAT HAVE SPHERICAL, OVAL OR KIDNEY SHAPED NUCLEI AND NO GRANULES

A

agranulocytes

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17
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF AGRANULOCYTES

A

monocytes

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18
Q

LEUKOCYTES WANDER THROUGH THE BODY BY___________ TO REACH SITES OF INFLAMMATON OR TISSUE DESTRUCTION

A

ameboid motion

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19
Q

_ INDICATES A DECREASED OXYGEN-CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD

A

anemia

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20
Q

PLASMA PROTEINS THAT REACT WITH RBC’S ANTIGENS CAUSING CLUMPING/ AGGLUTINATION ARE CALLED?

A

antibodies

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21
Q

SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RBC PLASMA MEMBRANE THAT ARE PART OF THE ABO BLOOD TYPING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ARE CALLED?

A

antigens

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22
Q

THE OPTIMUM SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVEL FOR A NORMAL MIDDLE AGED MALE IS ________________ mg/dl

A

anything less that 200

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23
Q

NAME ONE TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD

A

neohemocytes

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24
Q

_________ IS THE DISEASE PROCESS IN WHICH THE BODY’S BLOOD VESSELS BECOME INCREASINGLY OCCLUDED BY PLAQUES

A

atherosclerosis

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25
Q

WHAT CAUSES ATHEROSCLEROSIS

A

CAUSED BY EXCESS LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DEPOSITION ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

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26
Q

DEFINE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS

A

OCCLUSION OF BLOOD VESSELS BY PLAQUES

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27
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF B LYMPHOCYTES?

A

Makes memory B cells

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28
Q

NAME ONE CELL B LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE INTO

A

memory B cells

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29
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BASOPHILS?

A

mediate inflammatory response

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30
Q

DEFINE: BLEEDING TIME

BLEEDING

A

AFTER PRICKING A FINGER OR EARLOBE, THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO STOP BLEEDING / 0-7 MINUTE RANGE

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31
Q

__________IS A PROTECTIVE MECHANISM THAT MINIMIZES BLOOD LOSS WHEN BLOOD VESSELS ARE RUPTURED

A

blood clotting

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32
Q

A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD AB CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

A

blood type AB only

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33
Q

A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD A CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

A

BLOOD TYPES A, AB

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34
Q

A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD B CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

A

BLOOD TYPES B, AB

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35
Q

A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD O CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

A

BLOOD TYPES O, A, B, AB (UNIVERSAL DONOR)

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36
Q

____________ IS A SYSTEM OF BLOOD CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RBC PLASMA MEMBRANE

A

Blood Typing

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37
Q

A PERSON WITH TYPE O AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

A

BOTH AGGLUTININ A AND B

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38
Q

_____ IS A MAJOR COMPONENT OF SMOOTH MUSCLE PLAQUES FORMED DURING ATHEROSCLEROSIS

A

Cholesterol

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39
Q

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF CHOLESTEROL

A

furnishes molecular components for syntesis of sex hormones

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40
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CONSTITUENTS OF WHOLE BLOOD?

A

Plasma and Formed Elements

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41
Q

NAME ONE FUNCTION OF VLDL CHOLESTEROL

A

DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

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42
Q

NAME ONE FUNCTION OF LDL CHOLESTEROL

A

DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

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43
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO

BASOPHILS MAKE UP

A

less than 1 %

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44
Q

NAME ONE FUNCTION OF VLDL CHOLESTEROL

A

deposit cholesterol on blood vessel walls

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45
Q

________ IS A PROCESS BY WHICH LEUKOCYTES HAVE THE ABILITY OF TO MOVE IN AND OUT OF BLOOD VESSELS

A

diapedesis

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46
Q

NAME ONE FACTOR THAT AFFECTS THE CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN YOUR BODY

A

genetics

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47
Q

A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE B CANNOT RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE ________

A

DONOR A AND AB

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48
Q

A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE A CANNOT RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE _________

A

DONOR B OR AB

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49
Q

A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE O CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE ________

A

DONOR O

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50
Q

NAME ONE ENDOGENOUS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL

A

FATTY ACID

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51
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO

EOSINOPHILS MAKE UP?

A

2-4%

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52
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EOSINOPHILS

A

COUNTER ATTACKING PARASITIC WORMS

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53
Q

___________ IS A HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN

A

ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS

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54
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS?

A

the infants RH+ blood is removed and replaced with RH- blood from an usensitized donor

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55
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS?

A

transport oxygen

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56
Q

NAME ONE EXOGENOUS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL

A

foods: cheese

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57
Q

FIBRINOGEN IS THE SOLUBLE FORM OF WHAT PROTEIN?

A

fibrin

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58
Q

_________ IS ENZYMATICALLY PRECIPATED INTO INSOLUBLE

FIBRIN

A

fibrinogen

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59
Q

A WHITE MILKY SOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD CAPABLE OF
CARRYING TWICE AS MUCH OXYGEN AS BLOOD IS
CALLED ___________

A

fluosol

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60
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF FORMED

ELEMENTS?

A

45%

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61
Q

NAME ONE OF THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD

A

Red Blood Cell

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62
Q

__________ ARE LEUKOCYTES THAT HAVE PECULIARLY

SHAPED NUCLEI AND GRANULE

A

Granulocytes

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63
Q

THE ETCHED SLIDE USED TO COUNT CELLS IS CALLED _______

A

hemacytometer

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64
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE SLIDE USED IN LAB THAT IS

SPECIALIZED FOR CELL COUNTING?

A

hemacytometer

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65
Q

HE COUNTING OF CELLS IS CALLED _______

A

hemacytometry

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66
Q

DURING WHAT BLOOD ACTIVITY WERE TUBES USED TO MEASURE PCV?

A

Hematocrit tubes

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67
Q

THE CENTRIFUGING OF WHOLE BLOOD TO SEPARATE INTO IT’S CONSTITUENT PARTS IN A TEST TUBE IS CALLED ___________

A

hematocrit

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68
Q

THE STEM CELL FOR ALL BLOOD CELL FORMATION IS CALLED A ______________

A

Hemocytoblast

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69
Q

GIVE THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR BLOOD CLOTTING/ COAGULATION

A

Hemostasis

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70
Q

WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION “HDL” STAND FOR?

A

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

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71
Q

CHOLESTEROL BOUND INTO __________ IS DESTINED TO BE

DEGRADED BY THE LIVER AND THEN ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY

A

High-density Lipoproteins (HDL)

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72
Q

DEFINE: LEUKEMIA

A

A malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues

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73
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LEUKEMIA

A

reduction in

number of RBC’s and platelets

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74
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A WHITE BLOOD CELLS COUNT IN HUMANS (ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3
)?

A

4,800-10,800 PER mm3

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75
Q

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ONE GRANULOCYTE AND ONE

AGRANULOCYTE

A

Granulocytes - basophils

Agranulocyte - monocytes

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76
Q

DEFINE: LEUKOCYTOSIS

A

ABNORMALLY HIGH WBC CELLS COUNT

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77
Q

NAME ONE CAUSE OF LEUKOCYTOSIS

A

VIRAL INFECTION

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78
Q

DEFINE: LEUKOPENIA

A

DECREASE IN WBC’S BELOW NORMAL / <4000 PER MM3 WBC’S

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79
Q

WHAT (NON-DISEASE) EXPOSURES MAY BE INDICATED BY THE

PRESENCE OF LEUKOPENIA?

A

X-ray therapy

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80
Q

LEUKOPENIA MAY INDICATE WHAT DISEASES (NAME ONLY

ONE)

A

tuberculosis

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81
Q

NAME 1 FACTOR AFFECTING LOCAL BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE SKIN

A

OXYGEN SUPPLY

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82
Q

WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION “LDL” STAND FOR?

A

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

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83
Q

CHOLESTEROL BOUND INTO __________ TRAVELS TO THE BODY’S TISSUES AND WHEN LEVELS ARE HIGH WILL DEPOSIT
CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

A

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

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84
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO

LYMPHOCYTES MAKE UP?

A

25% +

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85
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES

A

T LYMPHOCYTES

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86
Q

__________ ARE LARGE MULTINUCLEATE CELLS FORMED IN THE BONE MARROW FROM WHICH PLATLETS DEVELOP

A

Megakaryocytes

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87
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LYMPHOCYTE POPULATION DO MONOCYTE MAKE UP?

A

Monocyte- 3-8%

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88
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MONOCYTE?

A

Active phagocytes/ increase dramatically during infections such
as tuberculoisis

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89
Q

ARTIFICIAL RED BLOOD CELLS THAT CONSIST OF
MICROSCOPIC SPHERES OF HEMOGLOBIN SURROUNDED BY LIPIDS WITH THE CAPACITY TO CARRY OXYGEN ARE
CALLED_____________

A

Neohemocytes

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90
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO

NEUTROPHILS MAKE UP?

A

Neutrophil- 50-70%

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91
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NEUTROPHILS?

A

Active Phagocyte, numbers increase during infections

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92
Q

A PERSON WITH TYPE AB AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

A

none

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93
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF PLASMA?

A

55%

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94
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE PLASMA IS COMPOSED OF WATER

A

90%

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95
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLASMA CELLS?

A

Produce antibodies

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96
Q

PLATLETS RELEASE _____________ DURING COAGULATION

A

Platelet Factor 3 (PF3)

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97
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLATLETS

A

blood clotting

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98
Q

APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY PLATELETS ARE FOUND PER mm3 OF BLOOD?

A

250,000- 400, 000 PER mm3

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99
Q

THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF RBC’S IS CALLED__________

A

Polycythemia

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100
Q

TF3, PF3 WITH CLOTTING FACTORS AND CALCIUM FORM

A

Prothrombin Activator

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101
Q

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A BLOOD SMEAR?

A

PROVIDES DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION ON BLOOD DISEASES

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102
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL LIFE SPAN OF RBC’S?

A

120 DAYS

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103
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN OXYGEN CARRIER OF RED BLOOD CELLS

A

Hemoglobin

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104
Q

THE LACK OF RH ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE IS

CHARACTERIZED BY THE NOTATION ______________

A

RH-

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105
Q

ANOTHER GLYCOPROTEIN BLOOD TYPING SYSTEM THAT USES

PLUSES AND MINUSES IS CALLED?

A

RH System

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106
Q

THE PRESENCE OF RH ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE IS

CHARACTERIZED BY THE DESIGNATION ____________

A

RH+

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107
Q

RH ANTIBODIES BEING PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO RH+ ANTIGENS IS CALLED____________

A

Sensitization

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108
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF T LYMPHOCYTES?

A

DESTROY TUMORS

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109
Q

__________ CONVERTS FIRBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN

A

Thrombin

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110
Q

PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR CONVERTS PROTHROMBIN TO ____________

A

Thrombin

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111
Q

INJURED TISSUE RELEASES ____________ DURING

COAGULATION

A

Tissue Factor (TF)

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112
Q

A PERSON WITH A AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?

A

TYPE A

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113
Q

A PERSON WITH AB AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?

A

TYPE AB

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114
Q

A PERSON WITH B AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE

A

TYPE B

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115
Q

A PERSON WITH O AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?

A

TYPE O

116
Q

NAME ONE CAUSE OF LEUKOPENIA

A

TUBERCULOSIS

117
Q

A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE AB CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE _____

A

UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT- A/ B/ AB/ O

118
Q

WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION VLDL STAND FOR?

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

119
Q

THE _____________ IS A FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM THAT

RECOGNIZES SOMETHING AS FOREIGN AND ACTS TO DESTROY OR NEUTRALIZE IT

A

Adaptive Immune System

120
Q

LYMPH ENTERS THE LYMPH NODE VIA _____________

A

Afferent Vessels

121
Q

WHAT DO PLASMA CELLS PRODUCE?

A

Antibodies

122
Q

________ ARE A HETEROGENOUS GROUP OF PROTEINS THAT COMPRISE THE GENERAL CLASS OF PLASMA PROTEINS CALLED
GAMMA GLOBULINS

A

Immunoglobins (Igs)

123
Q

THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS IN EACH ARM OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTRUCT ONE
_____________ WHICH IS UNIQUELY SHAPED TO FIT A SPECIFIC
ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT OF AN ANITGEN

A

Antigen-Binding Site

124
Q

MACROMOLECULES THAT ARE CAPABLE OF PROVOKING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE AND REACTING WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS PRODUCTS ARE SAID TO BE __________

A

Antigenic

125
Q

THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS IN EACH ARM OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTRUCT ONE
ANTIGEN-BINDING SITE WHICH IS UNIQUELY SHAPED TO FIT A
SPECIFIC __________________ OF AN ANTIGEN

A

Antigenic Determinant

126
Q

AN INABILTY TO RECOGNIZE SELF FROM NONSELF WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKING IT’S OWN TISSUES IS CALLED
_________

A

Autoimmunity

127
Q

WHERE DO B CELLS/ LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE

A

Bone marrow

128
Q

WHAT IS THE FIBROUS OUTER COVERING OF THE LYMPH NODE CALLED?

A

Capsule

129
Q

THE ENLARGED TERMINUS OF THE THORACIC DUCT THAT RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE DIGESTIVE VISCERA IS CALLED _____________

A

Cisternae Chyli

130
Q

_________ IS TRIGGERED WHEN AN ANTIGEN BINDS THE SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE RECEPTORS OF A T OR B CELL, CREATING A PROLIFERATION OF CLONED LYMPHOCYTES, AND
FASTER IMMUNE RESPONSE UPON SUBSEQUENT MEETINGS
WITH THAT ANTIGEN

A

Clonal Selection

131
Q

HEAVY CHAINS AND LIGHT CHAINS HAVE A ____________ , IN WHICH THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IDENTICAL IN BOTH CHAINS

A

Constant Region

132
Q

THE OUTER REGION OF THE LYMPH NODE IS CALLED THE

___________

A

Cortex

133
Q

INVAGINATIONS OF THE MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM OF THE TONSILS ARE CALLED?

A

Crypts

134
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CRYPTS OF THE TONSILS?

A

Trap bacteria and other foreign matter to be destroyed

135
Q 
AFTER CLONAL SELECTION T CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO 
WHAT CELLS (NAME ONLY ONE)?
A

Memory T cells

136
Q

DEFINE: CELLULAR IMMUNITY

A

Adaptive immunity mediated by T cells

137
Q

EACH MONOMER OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSISTS OF A HEAVY AND LIGHT CHAIN BOUND TOGETHER BY ____________

A

Disulfide Bridges

138
Q

THE ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN TISSUES IS

CALLED____________

A

Edema

139
Q

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF THE INVOLUTION (SHRINKING) OF THE THYMUS WITH AGE

A

Immunodefiency of the elderly

140
Q

LYMPH EXITS THE LYMPH NODE VIA THE ______________

A

Efferent Vessels

141
Q

ORIGINALLY USED TO MEASURE ANTIBODY TITER,

_____________ HAS BEEN MODIFIED FOR USE IN HIV-1 BLOOD SCREENING

A

ELISA

142
Q

ELISA IS AN AN ACRONYM FOR WHAT?

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

143
Q

GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC AREA INSIDE A TONSIL

A

Follicles

144
Q

ANTIBODIES/ IMMUNOGLOBINS ARE A HETEROGENOUS GROUP

OF PROTEINS THAT COMPRISE THE GENERAL CLASS OF PLASMA PROTEINS CALLED

A

Gamma Globulins

145
Q

THE PART OF THE CORTEX OF THE LYMPH NODES THAT
CONTAIN RAPIDLY DIVIDING B CELLS AND HAVE CELLS
ARRANGED INTO GLOBULAR MASSES IS CALLED__________

A

Germinal Centers

146
Q

THE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHAIN OF AN

IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS CALLED IT’S ________________

A

Heavy Chain(s)

147
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE AREA FROM WHICH EFFERENT VESSELS EXIT THE LYMPH NODE?

A

Hilum

148
Q

NAME TWO OF THE FIVE CLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBINS

A

IgM, IgE

149
Q

THE IMMUNE RESPONSE PROTECTS US FROM WHAT (GIVE ONLY ONE ANSWER)?

A

viral infections

150
Q

LYMPHOCYTES BECOME______________ AN EVENT INDICATED
BY THE APPEARANCES OF SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE PROTEINS THAT ENABLE THE LYMPHOCYTES TO RESPOND (BY BINDING) TO A PARTICULAR ANTIGEN

A

Immunocompetent

151
Q

DEFINE: HUMORAL IMMUNITY

A

Indirect immunity mediated by antibodies of plasma

cells

152
Q

THE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHAIN OF AN

IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS CALLED IT’S ____________

A

Light Chain(s)

153
Q

LYMPH IS FILTERED THROUGH WHAT BEAN-SHAPED STRUCTURES?

A

Lymph Nodes

154
Q

LYMPH CIRCULATES THROUGH __________ BEFORE EXITING THE NODE

A

Lymph Sinuses

155
Q

________ RAMIFY THROUGH NEARLY ALL THE TISSUES OF THE BODY AND PICK UP LEAKED PLASMA/ FLUID

A

Lymphatic Capillaries

156
Q

LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES SEND LYMPH TO LYMPHATIC

EVESSELS AND THE LARGER _____________

A

Lymphatic Collecting Vessels

157
Q

LYMPHATIC COLLECTING VESSELS SEND LYMPH TO THE LARGER ________ BEFORE SENDING IT BACK TO VASCULAR CIRCULATION

A

Lymphatic Trunks

158
Q

THESE PHAGOTITIC CELLS ARE FOUND INSIDE LYMPH NODES AND DESTROY BACTERIA, CANCER CELLS, AND OTHER FOREIGN MATTER FOUND IN THE LYMPHATIC STREAM

A

Macrophages

159
Q

THE INTERNAL PART OF THE LYMPH NODE WITH CELLS THAT ARE ARRANGED IN A CORD-LIKE FASHION IS CALLED THE _________

A

Medulla

160
Q

______________ IS A CANCER OF THE BONE MARROW
CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL
ANTIBODIES

A

Multiple Myeloma

161
Q

NAME ONE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

A

Multiple Sclerosis

162
Q 
AFTER CLONAL SELECTION B CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO 
WHAT CELLS (NAME ONLY ONE!)?
A

Memory B cells

163
Q

NAME ONE PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN

A

bone marrow

164
Q

THE BULK OF THE SPLEEN CONSISTS OF _____________

COMPOSED OF VENOUS SINUSES AND AREAS OF RETICULAR TISSUE AND MACROPHAGES

A

Red Pulp

165
Q

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

A

immune response

166
Q

_______ DRAINS LYMPH FROM THE RIGHT UPPER

EXTREMITY, HEAD, AND THORAX

A

Right Lymphatic Duct

167
Q

NAME ONE SECONDARY LYMPHOID AREA

A

appendix

168
Q

GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

ability to differentiate self from non self

169
Q

GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A LYMPHOID ORGAN

A

bone marrow

170
Q

WHAT IS THE AREA OF RETICULAR TISSUE AND MACROPHAGES

WITHIN THE SPLEEN CALLED?

A

Splenic Cords

171
Q

SWOLLEN GLANDS REFERS TO THE SWELLING OF WHAT

CLUSTERED STRUCTURES?

A

Lymph Nodes

172
Q

WHERE DO T CELLS/ LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE?

A

Thymus

173
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE CONSTITUENT PARTS OF THE LYMPHATIC

SYSTEM

A

LYMPHATIC VESSELS

174
Q

THE LARGE ___________ RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE BULK OF THE BODY

A

Thoracic Duct

175
Q

__________ ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SEPTA THAT EXTEND

INTO THE LYMPH NODE TO DIVIDE THE NODE INTO SEVERAL COMPARTMENTS

A

Trabeculae (Septa)

176
Q

WHAT PREVENTS LYMPH BACKFLOW IN LYMPHATIC VESSELS?

A

Valves

177
Q

HEAVY CHAINS AND LIGHT CHAINS HAVE A CONSTANT
REGION IN WHICH THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IDENTICAL IN BOTH CHAINS, AND A _____________, WHICH DIFFERS IN THE
IMMUNOGLOBULINS FORMED IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT
ANTIGENS

A

Variable (V) Region

178
Q

CLUSTERED AROUND CENTRAL ARTERIES, AREAS OF LYMPHOCYTES SUSPENDED IN RETICULAR FIBERS IN THE SPLEEN ARE CALLED_______________

A

White Pulp

179
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF WHITE PULP?

A

Immune function of the spleen

180
Q

WHAT PARTS OF THE HEART ARE REFERRED TO AS THE “LITTLE EARS” AND LIE ABOVE THE ATRIA ON EACH SIDE OF THE HEART

A

Auricles

181
Q

WHERE DOES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEART ITSELF COLLECT AND EMPTY INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM?

A

Coronary Sinus

182
Q

IN THE FETUS, _________ ALLOWS BLOOD TO PASS DIRECTLY FROM THE PULMONARY TRUNK TO THE AORTA, THUS BYPASSING THE NONFUNCTIONAL FETAL LUNGS

A

Ductus Arteriosum

183
Q

__________ IS A FETAL CIRCULATION SHUNT THAT BYPASSES THE FETAL LIVER

A

Ductus Venosus

184
Q

BLOOD VESSELS THAT ARE CLOSER TO THE PUMPING HEART AND MUST WITH EXPAND TO WITHSTAND PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS ARE CALLED__________ ARTERIES

A

Elastic Arteries

185
Q

THE TUNICA INTERNA CONSISTS OF A SINGLE THIN LAYER OF _________

A

Endothelium

186
Q

_______ ALLOWS BLOOD TO PASS FORM THE RIGHT TO THE LEFT ATRIUM, THUS BYPASSING THE FETAL LUNGS

A

Foramen Ovale

187
Q

WHAT IS THE OVAL DEPRESSION REMNANT OF THE FORAMEN OVALE CALLED?

A

Fossa Ovalis

188
Q

BECAUSE CARDIAC MUSCLES ARE ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED BY GAP JUNCTIONS, THE ENTIRE MYOCARDIUM BEHAVES LIKE A SINGLE UNIT CALLED A _______________

A

Functional Syncytium

189
Q

THIS IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

190
Q

____________ IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE UMBILICAL VEINS

A

Round Ligament

191
Q

________ IS A FIBROUS BAND REMNANT OF THE DUCTUS

VENOSUS

A

Ligamentum Venosus

192
Q

______ IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE UMBILICAL ARTERIES

A

Medial Umbilical Ligaments

193
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MODERATOR BAND?

A

helps

coordinate contraction of the ventricle

194
Q

WHAT ARE THE MUSCLES INSIDE THE AURICLES CALLED?

A

Pectinate Muscle

195
Q

NAME 1 CHARACTERISTIC OF PERICARDITIS

A

PAINFUL ADHESION OF PERICARDIAL LAYERS

196
Q

THE PITTED AND RIDGES APPEARANCE OF THE INNER

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE IS CALLED?

A

Trabeculae Carnae

197
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA EXTERNA /

ADVENTITIA?

A

PROTECTION

198
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA INTERNA / INTIMA?

A

Helps decrease resistance to blood flow

199
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA MEDIA?

A

alters peripheral resisitance

200
Q

THE WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS ARE CONSTRUCTED OF THREE COATS OR ________

A

Tunics

201
Q

DEFINE: PULSE

A

Alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur

with each contraction and relaxation of the heart

202
Q

THE PULSE OBTAINED BY COUNTING OF HEARTBEATS IS CALLED THE _________ PULSE

A

Apical Pulse

203
Q

IN WHAT GROUP OF PEOPLE IS A FINDING OF BRADYCARDIA POSITIVE AND NORMAL?

A

Athletes

204
Q

WHAT CAN BE AUSCULTATED ABOVE THE LEFT NIPPLE ON THE SURFACE OF THE THORACIC CAVITY/ RIBS?

A

Auscultation of Semilunar Valves

205
Q

THE ABILITY OF THE HEART MUSCLE TO DEPOLARIZE
SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE ABSENCE OF EXTERNAL
STIMULATION IS CALLED _________

A

automacity

206
Q

NERVES OF THE ____________ SYSTEM ACCELERATE OR
DECELERATE THE HEARTBEAT RATE DEPENDING ON WHICH
DIVISION IS ACTIVATED

A

autonomic nervous system

207
Q

A HEART RATE BELOW 60 BEATS/MIN IS REFERRED TO

AS ___________

A

Bradycardia

208
Q

WHAT OCCURS DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

A

The contraction and relaxation of both the Atria and Ventricles

209
Q

A LARGE PULSE DEFICIT IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT HEART

PROBLEMS (GIVE ONLY ONE ANSWER)

A

cardiac impairment

210
Q

THE BLOOD PRESSURE TEST IN WHICH ONE HAND IS IMMERSED IN VERY COLD WATER IS CALLED THE ___________

A

Cold Pressor Test

211
Q

SKIN SENSITIVITY LEADING TO SWELLING AT THE POINT OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION IS CALLED _______

A

dermographism

212
Q

_____________ IS A CONDITION IN WHICH A DIRECT LINE OF

MECHANICAL STIMULATION SWELLS

A

Dermographism

213
Q

VENTRICULAR RELAXATION DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS CALLED?

A

Diastole

214
Q

PACEMAKERS APPEARING ERRATICALLY AND AT ABNORMAL SITES IN THE HEART MUSCLE IS CALLED _________

A

Ectopic Pacemakers

215
Q

DEFINE: ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

A

The graphical representation of the electrical activities of the
heart.

216
Q

THE INSTRUMENT THAT RECORDS THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART IS CALLED AN _________

A

Electrocardiograph

217
Q

NAME ONE FACTOR THAT MAY EFFECT/ ALTER BLOOD

PRESSURE

A

exercise

218
Q

NAME ONE FACTOR THAT INFLUENCES SKIN COLOR

A

oxygen supply

219
Q

___________ IS A CONDITION OF RAPID UNCOORDINATED

HEART CONTRACTIONS

A

Fibrillation

220
Q

________ ARE ABNORMAL HEART SOUNDS

A

Heart murmurs

221
Q

WHAT CAUSES HEART MURMURS?

A

valvular problems

222
Q

A LARGER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM OUTSIDE THE CELLS THAT DECREASES RESTING POTENTIAL OF PLASMA MEMBRANES , THEREBY DECREASING THE FORCE OF HEART CONTRACTION IS CALLED__________

A

Hyperkalemia

223
Q

DURING THE COLD PRESSOR TEST SUBJECTS THAT HAVE A
RISE OF DIASTOLIC OR SYSTOLIC PRESSURE OF 22mm OF Hg OR
MORE, WHICH ISN’T NORMAL, ARE CALLED______

A

Hyperreactors

224
Q

DURING THE COLD PRESSOR TEST SUBJECTS THAT HAVE A
RISE OR FALL OF DIASTOLIC OR SYSTOLIC PRESSURE OF
BETWEEN 0 AND 22mm OF Hg, WHICH IS NORMAL, ARE
CALLED_________

A

Hyporeactors

225
Q

THE__________ SYSTEM CONSISTS OF SPECIALIZED

NONCONTRACTILE MYOCARDIAL TISSUE, THAT EXERTS CONTROL ON THE RHYTHMIC BEATING OF THE HEART

A

Nodal System

226
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO SOUNDS THAT CAN BE HEARD DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE

A

dup

227
Q

SMALLER VESSELS THAT ARE EXPOSED TO LESS EXTREME

PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS, BUT HAVE SUBSTANTIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE TUNICA MEDIA ARE CALLED_____ ARTERIES

A

Muscular Arteries

228
Q

DEFINE: CARDIAC CYCLE

A

One complete heartbeat, DIASTOLE AND SYSTOLE

229
Q

NAME ONE SUPERFICIAL ARTERY WHERE THE PULSE IS EASILY PALPATED

A

Facial Artery

230
Q

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PULSE AND THE APICAL PULSE IS CALLED ____________

A

Pulse Deficit

231
Q

PURKINJE FIBERS ARE NOT FIBERS BUT ESSENTIALLY LONG STRANDS OF BARREL-SHAPED CELLS CALLED?

A

Purkinje Myocytes

232
Q

THE SPONTANEOUS DEPOLARIZATION- REPOLARIZATION EVENTS THAT OCCUR IN A REGULAR AND CONTINUOUS MANNER IN THE CARDIAC MUSCLE IS KNOWN AS

A

Rhythmicity

233
Q

THE “LUP” HEARD WHEN LISTENING TO THE HEART SOUNDS IS CAUSED BY THE CLOSURE OF WHAT VALVES?

A

bicuspid

234
Q

WHAT IS THE SA NODE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS BECAUSE IT KEEPS THE HEART BEATING AT A STABLE RATE

A

the Pacemaker

235
Q

DURING THE BLOOD PRESSURE READING, AS PRESSURE IN THE
SPHYGMOMANOMETER IS SLOWLY RELEASED THE
______________ ARE HEARD

A

Sounds of Kortokoff

236
Q

NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE BLOOD PRESSURE

NOT THE STETHESCOPE!

A

Sphygmomanometer

237
Q

NAME THE ONE OF THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO MEASURE BLOOD PRESSURE

A

Sphygmomanometer

238
Q

VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS CALLED?

A

Systole

239
Q

A HEART RATE ABOVE OVER 100 BEATS/MIN IS REFERRED TO AS __________

A

Tachycardia

240
Q

THE PRESSURE FLUXUATION THAT IS DO TO THE SHUTTING OF THE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE WHICH CAUSES A MOMENTARY INCREASE IN AORTIC PRESSURE DUE TO ELASTIC
RECOIL OF THE AORTA IS CALLED________

A

The Dicrotic Notch

241
Q

Which heart sound is the loudest?

A

The First Heart sound

242
Q

WHERE IS THE BEST PLACE TO AUSCULTATE THE HEART

SOUNDS?

A

The left side of the chest below the left nipple

243
Q

DEFINE: BLOOD PRESSURE

A

The pressure the blood exerts against any unit area of the blood vessel
walls, usually arteries

244
Q

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SYSTOLIC PULSE AND THE DIASTOLIC PULSE IS CALLED___________

A

The Pulse Pressure

245
Q

DEFINE: FLARE

A

THE REDNESS DUE TO MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF THE

SKIN DUE TO LOCAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

246
Q

THE REDNESS DUE TO MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF THE

SKIN DUE TO LOCAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

A

The Semi-Lunar Valves

247
Q

EXCESSIVE VAGAL STIMULATION THAT STOPS THE HEART, AFTER WHICH THE VENTRICLES WILL BEGIN TO CONTRACT
AGAIN IS KNOWN AS _____________________

A

Vagal Escape

248
Q

GIVE ONE REASON VAGAL ESCAPE MAY OCCUR

A

Sympathetic reflexes

249
Q

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE MEASURED DURING WHAT PART OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

A

Ventricular contraction

250
Q

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE MEASURED DURING WHAT PART OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

A

Ventricular relaxation

251
Q

DEFINE: WHEAL

A

EXCESSIVELY SWOLLEN AREA DUE TO MECHANICAL

STIMULATION

252
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH ATROPINE SULFATE?

A

speeds up the heart rate

253
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH COLD RINGER’S?

A

slows down the heart rate

254
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH SODIUM IONS?

A

DECREASED STRENGTH

255
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH DIGITALIS?

A

slows the heart rate and steadies contraction

256
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH EPINEPHRINE?

A

speeds up the heart rate

257
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH CALCIUM IONS

A

INCREASED STRENGTH OF CONTRACTION

258
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH PILOCARPINE?

A

slows the heart rate

259
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH POTASSIUM IONS

A

weakens heart contractions

260
Q

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ON THE HEART?

A

slows the heart rate

261
Q

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ON THE HEART?

A

speeds up the heart rate

262
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN A SOLUTION WITH WARM RINGER’S?

A

speeds up the heart rate

263
Q

THE _______ OF THE HEART RESTS ON THE DIAPHRAGM, AND FROM ITS ______ THE GREAT VESSELS EMERG (HINT: NOT CHAMBERS)

A

Apex, Base

264
Q

THE _____ IS A DOUBLE-WALLED SAC ENCLOSING THE HEART.

A

pericardium

265
Q

THE PERIETAL AND VISCERAL PERICARDIUM ARE ALSO KNOWN AS THE _____ AND _____ RESPECTIVELY (NAME EITHER)

A

Serous Pericardium, epicardium

266
Q

THE CARDIAC MUSCLE OF THE HEART IS TOGETHER KNOWN AS ______.

A

myocardium

267
Q

THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES ARE LINED BY SEROUS ENDOTHELIUM CALLED THE ____.

A

endocardium

268
Q

THE SEPTUM OF THE HEART DIVIDES IT INTO REIGHT AND LEFT HALVES. IT CONSISTS OF THE ____ SUPERIORLY, AND THE ____ INFERIORLY.

A

inter-atrial, inter-ventricular

269
Q

THE ____ ARE RECEIVING CHAMBERS OF THE HEART, AND ARE RELATIVELY INEFFECTIVE AS PUMPS.

A

atria

270
Q

THE RIGHT ATRIUM RECEIVES RELATIVELY OXYGEN-POOR BLOOD FROM THE BODY VIA THE ____ AND ____ AND THE ____ (GIVE ANY ONE)

A

Superior Vena

271
Q

THE FOUR _____ DELIVER OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS TO THE LEFT ATRIUM OF THE HEART.

A

Pulmonary Veins

272
Q

THE RIGHT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART PUMPS BLOOD INTO THE _____, WHICH ROUTES BLOOD TO THE LUNGS TO BE OXYGENATED.

A

Pulmonary Artery

273
Q

THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART DISCHARGES BLOOD INTO THE _____, FROM WHICH ALL SYSTEMIC ARTERIES OF THE BODY DIVERGE TO SUPPLY THE BODY TISSUES.

A

aorta

274
Q

THE VALVE BETWEEN THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT ATRIUM IS CALLED?

A

Bicuspid valve

275
Q

THE VALVE BETWEEN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT ATRIUM IS CALLED?

A

Tricuspid valve

276
Q

TINY WHITE COLLAGENIC CORDS CALLED THE _____ ANCHOR THE CUSPS OF THE AV VALVES TO THE VENTRICULAR WALLS

A

Chordae tendonae

277
Q

THE CHORDAE TENDONAE ORIGINATE FROM SMALL BUNDLES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CALLED _____ THAT PROJECT FROM THE MYOCARDIAL WALL.

A

Papillary muscles

278
Q

NAME THE TWO SEMILUNAR VALVES OF THE HEART

A

Pulmonary and Aortic semilunar valves

279
Q

THE HEART FUNCTIONS AS A DOUBLE PUMP. THE RIGHT SIDE SERVES/DRIVES THE _____ CIRCULATION.

A

pulmonary

280
Q

THE HEART FUNCTIONS AS A DOUBLE PUMP, THE LEFT SIDE SERVES/DRIVES THE _____ CIRCULATION.

A

systemic

281
Q

THE RIGHT AND LEFT _____ ISSUE FROM THE BASE OF THE AORTA JUST ABOVE THE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE AND ENCIRCLE THE HEART IN THE CORONARY SULCUS.

A

Coronary arteries

282
Q

THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLIES THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE VENTRICLES & LATERAL ASPECT OF THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART THROUGH ITS _____ AND ______ BRANCHES (GIVE EITHER)

A

Right Marginal Artery

283
Q

THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLIES THE ANTERIOR VENTRICULAR WALLS AND LATERODORSAL PART OF THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART VIA THE _____ AND THE _____ ARTERIES (GIVE EITHER)

A

Circumflex Artery

284
Q

THE MYOCARDIUM IS DRAINED BY THE _____, _____, AND ______ CARDIAC VEINS, WHICH EMPTY INTO THE CORONARY SINUS (GIVE ANY ONE)

A

middle

285
Q

THE MYOCARDIUM IS DRAINED BY THE GREAT, MIDDLE, AND SMALL CARDIAC VEINS, WHICH EMPTY INTO THE _____.

A

Coronary sinus

ANATOMY II (11 decks)

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