QUIZ 2 QUESTION Flashcards
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN AN ANEMIC FEMALE (ANSWER IN CELLS per
mm3
)?
less than 4.3 million per mm3
What is the normal range of a red blood cell count in an anemic male( answer in cells per MM3)?
Less than 4.5 million per mm3
What is the normal range of a red blood cell count in an healthy Female (answer in cells per MM3)?
4.3 - 5.5 million cell per mm3
What is the normal range of a red blood cell count in an healthy Male ( answer in cells per MM3)?
4.5 - 6 million cells per mm3
What is the range of total Leukocytes in a healthy person ( answer in cells per MM3)?
5k to 10k cells per mm3
Name one function of HDL Cholesterol:
acts as a scavenger of cholesterol in the blood
Give another Name for an antibody:
Agglutinin
What is the percentage of the American population w/ type A blood?
39%
What is the percentage of the American population w/ type AB blood?
4%
What is the percentage of the American population w/ type B blood?
12%
What is the percentage of the American population w/ type O blood?
45%
Give another Name for an antibody
agglutinins
A person w/ type B agglutinogens has which type of agglutinins in their blood?
agglutinin A
A PERSON WITH TYPE A AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD
agglutinin B
GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR AN ANTIGEN
agglutinogen
_ ARE LEUKOCYTES THAT HAVE SPHERICAL, OVAL OR KIDNEY SHAPED NUCLEI AND NO GRANULES
agranulocytes
NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF AGRANULOCYTES
monocytes
LEUKOCYTES WANDER THROUGH THE BODY BY___________ TO REACH SITES OF INFLAMMATON OR TISSUE DESTRUCTION
ameboid motion
_ INDICATES A DECREASED OXYGEN-CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD
anemia
PLASMA PROTEINS THAT REACT WITH RBC’S ANTIGENS CAUSING CLUMPING/ AGGLUTINATION ARE CALLED?
antibodies
SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RBC PLASMA MEMBRANE THAT ARE PART OF THE ABO BLOOD TYPING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ARE CALLED?
antigens
THE OPTIMUM SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVEL FOR A NORMAL MIDDLE AGED MALE IS ________________ mg/dl
anything less that 200
NAME ONE TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD
neohemocytes
_________ IS THE DISEASE PROCESS IN WHICH THE BODY’S BLOOD VESSELS BECOME INCREASINGLY OCCLUDED BY PLAQUES
atherosclerosis
WHAT CAUSES ATHEROSCLEROSIS
CAUSED BY EXCESS LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DEPOSITION ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS
DEFINE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS
OCCLUSION OF BLOOD VESSELS BY PLAQUES
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF B LYMPHOCYTES?
Makes memory B cells
NAME ONE CELL B LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE INTO
memory B cells
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BASOPHILS?
mediate inflammatory response
DEFINE: BLEEDING TIME
BLEEDING
AFTER PRICKING A FINGER OR EARLOBE, THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO STOP BLEEDING / 0-7 MINUTE RANGE
__________IS A PROTECTIVE MECHANISM THAT MINIMIZES BLOOD LOSS WHEN BLOOD VESSELS ARE RUPTURED
blood clotting
A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD AB CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT
blood type AB only
A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD A CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT
BLOOD TYPES A, AB
A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD B CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT
BLOOD TYPES B, AB
A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD O CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT
BLOOD TYPES O, A, B, AB (UNIVERSAL DONOR)
____________ IS A SYSTEM OF BLOOD CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RBC PLASMA MEMBRANE
Blood Typing
A PERSON WITH TYPE O AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD
BOTH AGGLUTININ A AND B
_____ IS A MAJOR COMPONENT OF SMOOTH MUSCLE PLAQUES FORMED DURING ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Cholesterol
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF CHOLESTEROL
furnishes molecular components for syntesis of sex hormones
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CONSTITUENTS OF WHOLE BLOOD?
Plasma and Formed Elements
NAME ONE FUNCTION OF VLDL CHOLESTEROL
DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS
NAME ONE FUNCTION OF LDL CHOLESTEROL
DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO
BASOPHILS MAKE UP
less than 1 %
NAME ONE FUNCTION OF VLDL CHOLESTEROL
deposit cholesterol on blood vessel walls
________ IS A PROCESS BY WHICH LEUKOCYTES HAVE THE ABILITY OF TO MOVE IN AND OUT OF BLOOD VESSELS
diapedesis
NAME ONE FACTOR THAT AFFECTS THE CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN YOUR BODY
genetics
A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE B CANNOT RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE ________
DONOR A AND AB
A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE A CANNOT RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE _________
DONOR B OR AB
A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE O CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE ________
DONOR O
NAME ONE ENDOGENOUS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL
FATTY ACID
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO
EOSINOPHILS MAKE UP?
2-4%
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EOSINOPHILS
COUNTER ATTACKING PARASITIC WORMS
___________ IS A HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS?
the infants RH+ blood is removed and replaced with RH- blood from an usensitized donor
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS?
transport oxygen
NAME ONE EXOGENOUS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL
foods: cheese
FIBRINOGEN IS THE SOLUBLE FORM OF WHAT PROTEIN?
fibrin
_________ IS ENZYMATICALLY PRECIPATED INTO INSOLUBLE
FIBRIN
fibrinogen
A WHITE MILKY SOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD CAPABLE OF
CARRYING TWICE AS MUCH OXYGEN AS BLOOD IS
CALLED ___________
fluosol
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF FORMED
ELEMENTS?
45%
NAME ONE OF THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD
Red Blood Cell
__________ ARE LEUKOCYTES THAT HAVE PECULIARLY
SHAPED NUCLEI AND GRANULE
Granulocytes
THE ETCHED SLIDE USED TO COUNT CELLS IS CALLED _______
hemacytometer
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE SLIDE USED IN LAB THAT IS
SPECIALIZED FOR CELL COUNTING?
hemacytometer
HE COUNTING OF CELLS IS CALLED _______
hemacytometry
DURING WHAT BLOOD ACTIVITY WERE TUBES USED TO MEASURE PCV?
Hematocrit tubes
THE CENTRIFUGING OF WHOLE BLOOD TO SEPARATE INTO IT’S CONSTITUENT PARTS IN A TEST TUBE IS CALLED ___________
hematocrit
THE STEM CELL FOR ALL BLOOD CELL FORMATION IS CALLED A ______________
Hemocytoblast
GIVE THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR BLOOD CLOTTING/ COAGULATION
Hemostasis
WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION “HDL” STAND FOR?
HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
CHOLESTEROL BOUND INTO __________ IS DESTINED TO BE
DEGRADED BY THE LIVER AND THEN ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY
High-density Lipoproteins (HDL)
DEFINE: LEUKEMIA
A malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues
GIVE ONE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LEUKEMIA
reduction in
number of RBC’s and platelets
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A WHITE BLOOD CELLS COUNT IN HUMANS (ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3
)?
4,800-10,800 PER mm3
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ONE GRANULOCYTE AND ONE
AGRANULOCYTE
Granulocytes - basophils
Agranulocyte - monocytes
DEFINE: LEUKOCYTOSIS
ABNORMALLY HIGH WBC CELLS COUNT
NAME ONE CAUSE OF LEUKOCYTOSIS
VIRAL INFECTION
DEFINE: LEUKOPENIA
DECREASE IN WBC’S BELOW NORMAL / <4000 PER MM3 WBC’S
WHAT (NON-DISEASE) EXPOSURES MAY BE INDICATED BY THE
PRESENCE OF LEUKOPENIA?
X-ray therapy
LEUKOPENIA MAY INDICATE WHAT DISEASES (NAME ONLY
ONE)
tuberculosis
NAME 1 FACTOR AFFECTING LOCAL BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE SKIN
OXYGEN SUPPLY
WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION “LDL” STAND FOR?
LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
CHOLESTEROL BOUND INTO __________ TRAVELS TO THE BODY’S TISSUES AND WHEN LEVELS ARE HIGH WILL DEPOSIT
CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO
LYMPHOCYTES MAKE UP?
25% +
NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES
T LYMPHOCYTES
__________ ARE LARGE MULTINUCLEATE CELLS FORMED IN THE BONE MARROW FROM WHICH PLATLETS DEVELOP
Megakaryocytes
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LYMPHOCYTE POPULATION DO MONOCYTE MAKE UP?
Monocyte- 3-8%
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MONOCYTE?
Active phagocytes/ increase dramatically during infections such
as tuberculoisis
ARTIFICIAL RED BLOOD CELLS THAT CONSIST OF
MICROSCOPIC SPHERES OF HEMOGLOBIN SURROUNDED BY LIPIDS WITH THE CAPACITY TO CARRY OXYGEN ARE
CALLED_____________
Neohemocytes
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO
NEUTROPHILS MAKE UP?
Neutrophil- 50-70%
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NEUTROPHILS?
Active Phagocyte, numbers increase during infections
A PERSON WITH TYPE AB AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD
none
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF PLASMA?
55%
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE PLASMA IS COMPOSED OF WATER
90%
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLASMA CELLS?
Produce antibodies
PLATLETS RELEASE _____________ DURING COAGULATION
Platelet Factor 3 (PF3)
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLATLETS
blood clotting
APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY PLATELETS ARE FOUND PER mm3 OF BLOOD?
250,000- 400, 000 PER mm3
THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF RBC’S IS CALLED__________
Polycythemia
TF3, PF3 WITH CLOTTING FACTORS AND CALCIUM FORM
Prothrombin Activator
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A BLOOD SMEAR?
PROVIDES DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION ON BLOOD DISEASES
WHAT IS THE NORMAL LIFE SPAN OF RBC’S?
120 DAYS
WHAT IS THE MAIN OXYGEN CARRIER OF RED BLOOD CELLS
Hemoglobin
THE LACK OF RH ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE IS
CHARACTERIZED BY THE NOTATION ______________
RH-
ANOTHER GLYCOPROTEIN BLOOD TYPING SYSTEM THAT USES
PLUSES AND MINUSES IS CALLED?
RH System
THE PRESENCE OF RH ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE IS
CHARACTERIZED BY THE DESIGNATION ____________
RH+
RH ANTIBODIES BEING PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO RH+ ANTIGENS IS CALLED____________
Sensitization
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF T LYMPHOCYTES?
DESTROY TUMORS
__________ CONVERTS FIRBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN
Thrombin
PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR CONVERTS PROTHROMBIN TO ____________
Thrombin
INJURED TISSUE RELEASES ____________ DURING
COAGULATION
Tissue Factor (TF)
A PERSON WITH A AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?
TYPE A
A PERSON WITH AB AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?
TYPE AB
A PERSON WITH B AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE
TYPE B
A PERSON WITH O AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?
TYPE O
NAME ONE CAUSE OF LEUKOPENIA
TUBERCULOSIS
A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE AB CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE _____
UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT- A/ B/ AB/ O
WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION VLDL STAND FOR?
Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
THE _____________ IS A FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM THAT
RECOGNIZES SOMETHING AS FOREIGN AND ACTS TO DESTROY OR NEUTRALIZE IT
Adaptive Immune System
LYMPH ENTERS THE LYMPH NODE VIA _____________
Afferent Vessels
WHAT DO PLASMA CELLS PRODUCE?
Antibodies
________ ARE A HETEROGENOUS GROUP OF PROTEINS THAT COMPRISE THE GENERAL CLASS OF PLASMA PROTEINS CALLED
GAMMA GLOBULINS
Immunoglobins (Igs)
THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS IN EACH ARM OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTRUCT ONE
_____________ WHICH IS UNIQUELY SHAPED TO FIT A SPECIFIC
ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT OF AN ANITGEN
Antigen-Binding Site
MACROMOLECULES THAT ARE CAPABLE OF PROVOKING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE AND REACTING WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS PRODUCTS ARE SAID TO BE __________
Antigenic
THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS IN EACH ARM OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTRUCT ONE
ANTIGEN-BINDING SITE WHICH IS UNIQUELY SHAPED TO FIT A
SPECIFIC __________________ OF AN ANTIGEN
Antigenic Determinant
AN INABILTY TO RECOGNIZE SELF FROM NONSELF WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKING IT’S OWN TISSUES IS CALLED
_________
Autoimmunity
WHERE DO B CELLS/ LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE
Bone marrow
WHAT IS THE FIBROUS OUTER COVERING OF THE LYMPH NODE CALLED?
Capsule
THE ENLARGED TERMINUS OF THE THORACIC DUCT THAT RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE DIGESTIVE VISCERA IS CALLED _____________
Cisternae Chyli
_________ IS TRIGGERED WHEN AN ANTIGEN BINDS THE SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE RECEPTORS OF A T OR B CELL, CREATING A PROLIFERATION OF CLONED LYMPHOCYTES, AND
FASTER IMMUNE RESPONSE UPON SUBSEQUENT MEETINGS
WITH THAT ANTIGEN
Clonal Selection
HEAVY CHAINS AND LIGHT CHAINS HAVE A ____________ , IN WHICH THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IDENTICAL IN BOTH CHAINS
Constant Region
THE OUTER REGION OF THE LYMPH NODE IS CALLED THE
___________
Cortex
INVAGINATIONS OF THE MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM OF THE TONSILS ARE CALLED?
Crypts
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CRYPTS OF THE TONSILS?
Trap bacteria and other foreign matter to be destroyed
AFTER CLONAL SELECTION T CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO WHAT CELLS (NAME ONLY ONE)?
Memory T cells
DEFINE: CELLULAR IMMUNITY
Adaptive immunity mediated by T cells
EACH MONOMER OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSISTS OF A HEAVY AND LIGHT CHAIN BOUND TOGETHER BY ____________
Disulfide Bridges
THE ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN TISSUES IS
CALLED____________
Edema
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF THE INVOLUTION (SHRINKING) OF THE THYMUS WITH AGE
Immunodefiency of the elderly
LYMPH EXITS THE LYMPH NODE VIA THE ______________
Efferent Vessels
ORIGINALLY USED TO MEASURE ANTIBODY TITER,
_____________ HAS BEEN MODIFIED FOR USE IN HIV-1 BLOOD SCREENING
ELISA
ELISA IS AN AN ACRONYM FOR WHAT?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC AREA INSIDE A TONSIL
Follicles
ANTIBODIES/ IMMUNOGLOBINS ARE A HETEROGENOUS GROUP
OF PROTEINS THAT COMPRISE THE GENERAL CLASS OF PLASMA PROTEINS CALLED
Gamma Globulins
THE PART OF THE CORTEX OF THE LYMPH NODES THAT
CONTAIN RAPIDLY DIVIDING B CELLS AND HAVE CELLS
ARRANGED INTO GLOBULAR MASSES IS CALLED__________
Germinal Centers
THE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHAIN OF AN
IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS CALLED IT’S ________________
Heavy Chain(s)
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE AREA FROM WHICH EFFERENT VESSELS EXIT THE LYMPH NODE?
Hilum
NAME TWO OF THE FIVE CLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBINS
IgM, IgE
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE PROTECTS US FROM WHAT (GIVE ONLY ONE ANSWER)?
viral infections
LYMPHOCYTES BECOME______________ AN EVENT INDICATED
BY THE APPEARANCES OF SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE PROTEINS THAT ENABLE THE LYMPHOCYTES TO RESPOND (BY BINDING) TO A PARTICULAR ANTIGEN
Immunocompetent
DEFINE: HUMORAL IMMUNITY
Indirect immunity mediated by antibodies of plasma
cells
THE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHAIN OF AN
IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS CALLED IT’S ____________
Light Chain(s)
LYMPH IS FILTERED THROUGH WHAT BEAN-SHAPED STRUCTURES?
Lymph Nodes
LYMPH CIRCULATES THROUGH __________ BEFORE EXITING THE NODE
Lymph Sinuses
________ RAMIFY THROUGH NEARLY ALL THE TISSUES OF THE BODY AND PICK UP LEAKED PLASMA/ FLUID
Lymphatic Capillaries
LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES SEND LYMPH TO LYMPHATIC
EVESSELS AND THE LARGER _____________
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
LYMPHATIC COLLECTING VESSELS SEND LYMPH TO THE LARGER ________ BEFORE SENDING IT BACK TO VASCULAR CIRCULATION
Lymphatic Trunks
THESE PHAGOTITIC CELLS ARE FOUND INSIDE LYMPH NODES AND DESTROY BACTERIA, CANCER CELLS, AND OTHER FOREIGN MATTER FOUND IN THE LYMPHATIC STREAM
Macrophages
THE INTERNAL PART OF THE LYMPH NODE WITH CELLS THAT ARE ARRANGED IN A CORD-LIKE FASHION IS CALLED THE _________
Medulla
______________ IS A CANCER OF THE BONE MARROW
CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL
ANTIBODIES
Multiple Myeloma
NAME ONE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
Multiple Sclerosis
AFTER CLONAL SELECTION B CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO WHAT CELLS (NAME ONLY ONE!)?
Memory B cells
NAME ONE PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN
bone marrow
THE BULK OF THE SPLEEN CONSISTS OF _____________
COMPOSED OF VENOUS SINUSES AND AREAS OF RETICULAR TISSUE AND MACROPHAGES
Red Pulp
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
immune response
_______ DRAINS LYMPH FROM THE RIGHT UPPER
EXTREMITY, HEAD, AND THORAX
Right Lymphatic Duct
NAME ONE SECONDARY LYMPHOID AREA
appendix
GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
ability to differentiate self from non self
GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A LYMPHOID ORGAN
bone marrow
WHAT IS THE AREA OF RETICULAR TISSUE AND MACROPHAGES
WITHIN THE SPLEEN CALLED?
Splenic Cords
SWOLLEN GLANDS REFERS TO THE SWELLING OF WHAT
CLUSTERED STRUCTURES?
Lymph Nodes
WHERE DO T CELLS/ LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE?
Thymus
GIVE ONE OF THE CONSTITUENT PARTS OF THE LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
THE LARGE ___________ RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE BULK OF THE BODY
Thoracic Duct
__________ ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SEPTA THAT EXTEND
INTO THE LYMPH NODE TO DIVIDE THE NODE INTO SEVERAL COMPARTMENTS
Trabeculae (Septa)
WHAT PREVENTS LYMPH BACKFLOW IN LYMPHATIC VESSELS?
Valves
HEAVY CHAINS AND LIGHT CHAINS HAVE A CONSTANT
REGION IN WHICH THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IDENTICAL IN BOTH CHAINS, AND A _____________, WHICH DIFFERS IN THE
IMMUNOGLOBULINS FORMED IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT
ANTIGENS
Variable (V) Region
CLUSTERED AROUND CENTRAL ARTERIES, AREAS OF LYMPHOCYTES SUSPENDED IN RETICULAR FIBERS IN THE SPLEEN ARE CALLED_______________
White Pulp
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF WHITE PULP?
Immune function of the spleen
WHAT PARTS OF THE HEART ARE REFERRED TO AS THE “LITTLE EARS” AND LIE ABOVE THE ATRIA ON EACH SIDE OF THE HEART
Auricles
WHERE DOES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEART ITSELF COLLECT AND EMPTY INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM?
Coronary Sinus
IN THE FETUS, _________ ALLOWS BLOOD TO PASS DIRECTLY FROM THE PULMONARY TRUNK TO THE AORTA, THUS BYPASSING THE NONFUNCTIONAL FETAL LUNGS
Ductus Arteriosum
__________ IS A FETAL CIRCULATION SHUNT THAT BYPASSES THE FETAL LIVER
Ductus Venosus
BLOOD VESSELS THAT ARE CLOSER TO THE PUMPING HEART AND MUST WITH EXPAND TO WITHSTAND PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS ARE CALLED__________ ARTERIES
Elastic Arteries
THE TUNICA INTERNA CONSISTS OF A SINGLE THIN LAYER OF _________
Endothelium
_______ ALLOWS BLOOD TO PASS FORM THE RIGHT TO THE LEFT ATRIUM, THUS BYPASSING THE FETAL LUNGS
Foramen Ovale
WHAT IS THE OVAL DEPRESSION REMNANT OF THE FORAMEN OVALE CALLED?
Fossa Ovalis
BECAUSE CARDIAC MUSCLES ARE ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED BY GAP JUNCTIONS, THE ENTIRE MYOCARDIUM BEHAVES LIKE A SINGLE UNIT CALLED A _______________
Functional Syncytium
THIS IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
Ligamentum Arteriosum
____________ IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE UMBILICAL VEINS
Round Ligament
________ IS A FIBROUS BAND REMNANT OF THE DUCTUS
VENOSUS
Ligamentum Venosus
______ IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE UMBILICAL ARTERIES
Medial Umbilical Ligaments
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MODERATOR BAND?
helps
coordinate contraction of the ventricle
WHAT ARE THE MUSCLES INSIDE THE AURICLES CALLED?
Pectinate Muscle
NAME 1 CHARACTERISTIC OF PERICARDITIS
PAINFUL ADHESION OF PERICARDIAL LAYERS
THE PITTED AND RIDGES APPEARANCE OF THE INNER
VENTRICULAR MUSCLE IS CALLED?
Trabeculae Carnae
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA EXTERNA /
ADVENTITIA?
PROTECTION
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA INTERNA / INTIMA?
Helps decrease resistance to blood flow
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA MEDIA?
alters peripheral resisitance
THE WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS ARE CONSTRUCTED OF THREE COATS OR ________
Tunics
DEFINE: PULSE
Alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur
with each contraction and relaxation of the heart
THE PULSE OBTAINED BY COUNTING OF HEARTBEATS IS CALLED THE _________ PULSE
Apical Pulse
IN WHAT GROUP OF PEOPLE IS A FINDING OF BRADYCARDIA POSITIVE AND NORMAL?
Athletes
WHAT CAN BE AUSCULTATED ABOVE THE LEFT NIPPLE ON THE SURFACE OF THE THORACIC CAVITY/ RIBS?
Auscultation of Semilunar Valves
THE ABILITY OF THE HEART MUSCLE TO DEPOLARIZE
SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE ABSENCE OF EXTERNAL
STIMULATION IS CALLED _________
automacity
NERVES OF THE ____________ SYSTEM ACCELERATE OR
DECELERATE THE HEARTBEAT RATE DEPENDING ON WHICH
DIVISION IS ACTIVATED
autonomic nervous system
A HEART RATE BELOW 60 BEATS/MIN IS REFERRED TO
AS ___________
Bradycardia
WHAT OCCURS DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE?
The contraction and relaxation of both the Atria and Ventricles
A LARGE PULSE DEFICIT IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT HEART
PROBLEMS (GIVE ONLY ONE ANSWER)
cardiac impairment
THE BLOOD PRESSURE TEST IN WHICH ONE HAND IS IMMERSED IN VERY COLD WATER IS CALLED THE ___________
Cold Pressor Test
SKIN SENSITIVITY LEADING TO SWELLING AT THE POINT OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION IS CALLED _______
dermographism
_____________ IS A CONDITION IN WHICH A DIRECT LINE OF
MECHANICAL STIMULATION SWELLS
Dermographism
VENTRICULAR RELAXATION DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS CALLED?
Diastole
PACEMAKERS APPEARING ERRATICALLY AND AT ABNORMAL SITES IN THE HEART MUSCLE IS CALLED _________
Ectopic Pacemakers
DEFINE: ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
The graphical representation of the electrical activities of the
heart.
THE INSTRUMENT THAT RECORDS THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART IS CALLED AN _________
Electrocardiograph
NAME ONE FACTOR THAT MAY EFFECT/ ALTER BLOOD
PRESSURE
exercise
NAME ONE FACTOR THAT INFLUENCES SKIN COLOR
oxygen supply
___________ IS A CONDITION OF RAPID UNCOORDINATED
HEART CONTRACTIONS
Fibrillation
________ ARE ABNORMAL HEART SOUNDS
Heart murmurs
WHAT CAUSES HEART MURMURS?
valvular problems
A LARGER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM OUTSIDE THE CELLS THAT DECREASES RESTING POTENTIAL OF PLASMA MEMBRANES , THEREBY DECREASING THE FORCE OF HEART CONTRACTION IS CALLED__________
Hyperkalemia
DURING THE COLD PRESSOR TEST SUBJECTS THAT HAVE A
RISE OF DIASTOLIC OR SYSTOLIC PRESSURE OF 22mm OF Hg OR
MORE, WHICH ISN’T NORMAL, ARE CALLED______
Hyperreactors
DURING THE COLD PRESSOR TEST SUBJECTS THAT HAVE A
RISE OR FALL OF DIASTOLIC OR SYSTOLIC PRESSURE OF
BETWEEN 0 AND 22mm OF Hg, WHICH IS NORMAL, ARE
CALLED_________
Hyporeactors
THE__________ SYSTEM CONSISTS OF SPECIALIZED
NONCONTRACTILE MYOCARDIAL TISSUE, THAT EXERTS CONTROL ON THE RHYTHMIC BEATING OF THE HEART
Nodal System
NAME ONE OF THE TWO SOUNDS THAT CAN BE HEARD DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE
dup
SMALLER VESSELS THAT ARE EXPOSED TO LESS EXTREME
PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS, BUT HAVE SUBSTANTIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE TUNICA MEDIA ARE CALLED_____ ARTERIES
Muscular Arteries
DEFINE: CARDIAC CYCLE
One complete heartbeat, DIASTOLE AND SYSTOLE
NAME ONE SUPERFICIAL ARTERY WHERE THE PULSE IS EASILY PALPATED
Facial Artery
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PULSE AND THE APICAL PULSE IS CALLED ____________
Pulse Deficit
PURKINJE FIBERS ARE NOT FIBERS BUT ESSENTIALLY LONG STRANDS OF BARREL-SHAPED CELLS CALLED?
Purkinje Myocytes
THE SPONTANEOUS DEPOLARIZATION- REPOLARIZATION EVENTS THAT OCCUR IN A REGULAR AND CONTINUOUS MANNER IN THE CARDIAC MUSCLE IS KNOWN AS
Rhythmicity
THE “LUP” HEARD WHEN LISTENING TO THE HEART SOUNDS IS CAUSED BY THE CLOSURE OF WHAT VALVES?
bicuspid
WHAT IS THE SA NODE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS BECAUSE IT KEEPS THE HEART BEATING AT A STABLE RATE
the Pacemaker
DURING THE BLOOD PRESSURE READING, AS PRESSURE IN THE
SPHYGMOMANOMETER IS SLOWLY RELEASED THE
______________ ARE HEARD
Sounds of Kortokoff
NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE BLOOD PRESSURE
NOT THE STETHESCOPE!
Sphygmomanometer
NAME THE ONE OF THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO MEASURE BLOOD PRESSURE
Sphygmomanometer
VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS CALLED?
Systole
A HEART RATE ABOVE OVER 100 BEATS/MIN IS REFERRED TO AS __________
Tachycardia
THE PRESSURE FLUXUATION THAT IS DO TO THE SHUTTING OF THE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE WHICH CAUSES A MOMENTARY INCREASE IN AORTIC PRESSURE DUE TO ELASTIC
RECOIL OF THE AORTA IS CALLED________
The Dicrotic Notch
Which heart sound is the loudest?
The First Heart sound
WHERE IS THE BEST PLACE TO AUSCULTATE THE HEART
SOUNDS?
The left side of the chest below the left nipple
DEFINE: BLOOD PRESSURE
The pressure the blood exerts against any unit area of the blood vessel
walls, usually arteries
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SYSTOLIC PULSE AND THE DIASTOLIC PULSE IS CALLED___________
The Pulse Pressure
DEFINE: FLARE
THE REDNESS DUE TO MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF THE
SKIN DUE TO LOCAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
THE REDNESS DUE TO MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF THE
SKIN DUE TO LOCAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
The Semi-Lunar Valves
EXCESSIVE VAGAL STIMULATION THAT STOPS THE HEART, AFTER WHICH THE VENTRICLES WILL BEGIN TO CONTRACT
AGAIN IS KNOWN AS _____________________
Vagal Escape
GIVE ONE REASON VAGAL ESCAPE MAY OCCUR
Sympathetic reflexes
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE MEASURED DURING WHAT PART OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?
Ventricular contraction
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE MEASURED DURING WHAT PART OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?
Ventricular relaxation
DEFINE: WHEAL
EXCESSIVELY SWOLLEN AREA DUE TO MECHANICAL
STIMULATION
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH ATROPINE SULFATE?
speeds up the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH COLD RINGER’S?
slows down the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH SODIUM IONS?
DECREASED STRENGTH
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH DIGITALIS?
slows the heart rate and steadies contraction
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH EPINEPHRINE?
speeds up the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH CALCIUM IONS
INCREASED STRENGTH OF CONTRACTION
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH PILOCARPINE?
slows the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH POTASSIUM IONS
weakens heart contractions
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ON THE HEART?
slows the heart rate
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ON THE HEART?
speeds up the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN A SOLUTION WITH WARM RINGER’S?
speeds up the heart rate
THE _______ OF THE HEART RESTS ON THE DIAPHRAGM, AND FROM ITS ______ THE GREAT VESSELS EMERG (HINT: NOT CHAMBERS)
Apex, Base
THE _____ IS A DOUBLE-WALLED SAC ENCLOSING THE HEART.
pericardium
THE PERIETAL AND VISCERAL PERICARDIUM ARE ALSO KNOWN AS THE _____ AND _____ RESPECTIVELY (NAME EITHER)
Serous Pericardium, epicardium
THE CARDIAC MUSCLE OF THE HEART IS TOGETHER KNOWN AS ______.
myocardium
THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES ARE LINED BY SEROUS ENDOTHELIUM CALLED THE ____.
endocardium
THE SEPTUM OF THE HEART DIVIDES IT INTO REIGHT AND LEFT HALVES. IT CONSISTS OF THE ____ SUPERIORLY, AND THE ____ INFERIORLY.
inter-atrial, inter-ventricular
THE ____ ARE RECEIVING CHAMBERS OF THE HEART, AND ARE RELATIVELY INEFFECTIVE AS PUMPS.
atria
THE RIGHT ATRIUM RECEIVES RELATIVELY OXYGEN-POOR BLOOD FROM THE BODY VIA THE ____ AND ____ AND THE ____ (GIVE ANY ONE)
Superior Vena
THE FOUR _____ DELIVER OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS TO THE LEFT ATRIUM OF THE HEART.
Pulmonary Veins
THE RIGHT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART PUMPS BLOOD INTO THE _____, WHICH ROUTES BLOOD TO THE LUNGS TO BE OXYGENATED.
Pulmonary Artery
THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART DISCHARGES BLOOD INTO THE _____, FROM WHICH ALL SYSTEMIC ARTERIES OF THE BODY DIVERGE TO SUPPLY THE BODY TISSUES.
aorta
THE VALVE BETWEEN THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT ATRIUM IS CALLED?
Bicuspid valve
THE VALVE BETWEEN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT ATRIUM IS CALLED?
Tricuspid valve
TINY WHITE COLLAGENIC CORDS CALLED THE _____ ANCHOR THE CUSPS OF THE AV VALVES TO THE VENTRICULAR WALLS
Chordae tendonae
THE CHORDAE TENDONAE ORIGINATE FROM SMALL BUNDLES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CALLED _____ THAT PROJECT FROM THE MYOCARDIAL WALL.
Papillary muscles
NAME THE TWO SEMILUNAR VALVES OF THE HEART
Pulmonary and Aortic semilunar valves
THE HEART FUNCTIONS AS A DOUBLE PUMP. THE RIGHT SIDE SERVES/DRIVES THE _____ CIRCULATION.
pulmonary
THE HEART FUNCTIONS AS A DOUBLE PUMP, THE LEFT SIDE SERVES/DRIVES THE _____ CIRCULATION.
systemic
THE RIGHT AND LEFT _____ ISSUE FROM THE BASE OF THE AORTA JUST ABOVE THE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE AND ENCIRCLE THE HEART IN THE CORONARY SULCUS.
Coronary arteries
THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLIES THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE VENTRICLES & LATERAL ASPECT OF THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART THROUGH ITS _____ AND ______ BRANCHES (GIVE EITHER)
Right Marginal Artery
THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLIES THE ANTERIOR VENTRICULAR WALLS AND LATERODORSAL PART OF THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART VIA THE _____ AND THE _____ ARTERIES (GIVE EITHER)
Circumflex Artery
THE MYOCARDIUM IS DRAINED BY THE _____, _____, AND ______ CARDIAC VEINS, WHICH EMPTY INTO THE CORONARY SINUS (GIVE ANY ONE)
middle
THE MYOCARDIUM IS DRAINED BY THE GREAT, MIDDLE, AND SMALL CARDIAC VEINS, WHICH EMPTY INTO THE _____.
Coronary sinus
