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Pharmacology > Quiz 4 Concepts > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What patient population is most susceptible to whooping cough or pertussis?

A

children

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2
Q

How can the spread of pertussis be prevented?

A

by vaccinating children

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3
Q

What vaccines are ineffective or contraindicated for pregnant women?

A

HPV, chicken pox (Varicella), MMR

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4
Q

When might vaccines be given?

A

in mild acute illness or during the convalescent phase of illness

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5
Q

When is gardasil the most effective?

A

when the patient is not yet sexually active

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6
Q

What is acquired passive immunity?

A

receives antibodies from another source

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7
Q

What can be given to treat minor side effects of vaccines?

A

acetaminophen and cold compresses

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8
Q

What is Zostavax prescribed for?

A

to boost the immunity of varicella-zoster virus

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9
Q

What happens when two or more therapeutic agents are given?

A

a synergistic effect occurs

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10
Q

What effects do tamoxifen and raloxifene have on tissues?

A

estrogenic and antiestrogenic

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11
Q

What are some estrogenic effects?

A
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12
Q

What are some anti-estrogenic effects?

A

vaginal dryness, hot flashes, decreases libido, breast atrophy

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13
Q

What is raloxifene used for?

A

a prophylactic against breast cancer in high risk postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

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14
Q

What effect does epoetin have on cancer chemo clients?

A

it stimulates RBC production

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15
Q

When giving epoetin and the client has a Hgb level of 11 or more, what should be done?

A

the dose should be held and reevaulated

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16
Q

What is filgrastim used for?

A

it stimulates production of granulocytes in potential bone marrow candidates

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17
Q

What adverse effect can occur with filgrastim?

A

splenic rupture can occur

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18
Q

What might black stool suggest?

A

GI bleeding

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19
Q

What should the nurse assess before administering meds to a patient with a suspected food allergy?

A

cardiac and respiratory status

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20
Q

For patients with night-time symptoms of coughing and sneezing, what can be given?

A

diphenhydramine

21
Q

What patient should be cautious of taking diphenhydramine because of the anticholinergic effects?

A

patients with acute asthma

22
Q

What is an alternative to diphenhydramine for acute asthma patients?

A

Zyrtec

23
Q

What can occur with using nasal decongestants longer than 3 days?

A

rebound congestion

24
Q

When taking guaifenesin, what should the patient be educated on?

A

increase fluid intake to at least 8 glasses of water a day

25
Q

What effects does nonselective sympathomimetic epinephrine have?

A

it is an alpha 1, beta 1 , and beta 2 agonists and has cardiac and pulmonary effects

26
Q

Why shouldn’t caffeine and theophylline be taken together?

A

they are xanthine derivatives and when taken together they have increased risk of toxicity and adverse effects

27
Q

When using inhaled glucocorticoids, how can you prevent Candida albicans oropharyngeal infections?

A

rinsing the mouth and throat after each dose

28
Q

What is digoxin given for?

A

to restore a normal heart rhythm

29
Q

What is given to prevent thromboemboli?

A

rivaroxaban

30
Q

If a patient is taking digoxin and a potassium wasting diuretic , what should they also take?1

A

a potassium supplement to prevent hypokalemia

31
Q

When taking nitroglycerin, what should the patient be educated on?

A

it causes hypotension so take it sitting or lying down

32
Q

What is a common side effect of nitrates?

A

headaches due to vasodilation of cerebral vessels

33
Q

Why is nitroglycerin given sublingually?

A

to avoid first pass effect and to increase rate of absorption

34
Q

When would furosemide, a loop diuretic, be given?

A

the patients condition warrants immediate removal of body fluid

35
Q

What lifestyle changes can be made to decrease BP?

A

decreasing salt, stress reduction, weight reduction

36
Q

What drugs are not as effective for African Americans?

A

beta blockers and ACe inhibitors but diuretics and calcium channel blockers

37
Q

What drugs do Native Americans have a reduced response to?

A

beta blockers ( the olols)

38
Q

What patient population is at risk of orthostatic hypotension when taking antihypertensives?

A

older adults

39
Q

Why education should be provided to patients taking antihypertensives?

A

-decrease sodium
-do not stop taking the drug abruptly because rebound hypertension can occur
-do not stop taking the drug when BP returns to normal
-rise slowly when getting up bc these cause orthostatic hypotension

40
Q

What is given as an antidote to heparin when clotting times are elevated?

A

protamine sulfate

41
Q

What test is used most frequently to report PT in warfarin patients?

A

INR

42
Q

Why are thrombolytic medications given?

A

to prevent permanent tissue damage caused by compromised blood flow

43
Q

What is elevated heart RT and decreased BP indicative of?

A

bleeding

44
Q

For patients taking aspirin or NSAIDs and thrombolytic, what should be monitored?

A

any excessive bleeding

45
Q

What are some side effects of cholestyramine and how can they be relieved?

A

GI upset and constipation, increased fluids and high fiber foods

46
Q

What are some common side effects of nicotinic acid?

A

flushing of the skin and dizziness, drug titration and aspirin can minimize these ffects

47
Q

What should be reported immediately when taking statins?

A

muscle ache or weakness, this can lead to rhabdomyolysis

48
Q

When should simvastatin be given for best effect?

A

in the evening

49
Q

What is included in the patient education for atorvastatin?

A

take with full glass of water, watch for body aches or GI upset, evaluate liver function

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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