Quiz 4 Concepts Flashcards
What patient population is most susceptible to whooping cough or pertussis?
children
How can the spread of pertussis be prevented?
by vaccinating children
What vaccines are ineffective or contraindicated for pregnant women?
HPV, chicken pox (Varicella), MMR
When might vaccines be given?
in mild acute illness or during the convalescent phase of illness
When is gardasil the most effective?
when the patient is not yet sexually active
What is acquired passive immunity?
receives antibodies from another source
What can be given to treat minor side effects of vaccines?
acetaminophen and cold compresses
What is Zostavax prescribed for?
to boost the immunity of varicella-zoster virus
What happens when two or more therapeutic agents are given?
a synergistic effect occurs
What effects do tamoxifen and raloxifene have on tissues?
estrogenic and antiestrogenic
What are some estrogenic effects?
What are some anti-estrogenic effects?
vaginal dryness, hot flashes, decreases libido, breast atrophy
What is raloxifene used for?
a prophylactic against breast cancer in high risk postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
What effect does epoetin have on cancer chemo clients?
it stimulates RBC production
When giving epoetin and the client has a Hgb level of 11 or more, what should be done?
the dose should be held and reevaulated
What is filgrastim used for?
it stimulates production of granulocytes in potential bone marrow candidates
What adverse effect can occur with filgrastim?
splenic rupture can occur
What might black stool suggest?
GI bleeding
What should the nurse assess before administering meds to a patient with a suspected food allergy?
cardiac and respiratory status
For patients with night-time symptoms of coughing and sneezing, what can be given?
diphenhydramine
What patient should be cautious of taking diphenhydramine because of the anticholinergic effects?
patients with acute asthma
What is an alternative to diphenhydramine for acute asthma patients?
Zyrtec
What can occur with using nasal decongestants longer than 3 days?
rebound congestion
When taking guaifenesin, what should the patient be educated on?
increase fluid intake to at least 8 glasses of water a day
What effects does nonselective sympathomimetic epinephrine have?
it is an alpha 1, beta 1 , and beta 2 agonists and has cardiac and pulmonary effects
Why shouldn’t caffeine and theophylline be taken together?
they are xanthine derivatives and when taken together they have increased risk of toxicity and adverse effects
When using inhaled glucocorticoids, how can you prevent Candida albicans oropharyngeal infections?
rinsing the mouth and throat after each dose
What is digoxin given for?
to restore a normal heart rhythm
What is given to prevent thromboemboli?
rivaroxaban
If a patient is taking digoxin and a potassium wasting diuretic , what should they also take?1
a potassium supplement to prevent hypokalemia
When taking nitroglycerin, what should the patient be educated on?
it causes hypotension so take it sitting or lying down
What is a common side effect of nitrates?
headaches due to vasodilation of cerebral vessels
Why is nitroglycerin given sublingually?
to avoid first pass effect and to increase rate of absorption
When would furosemide, a loop diuretic, be given?
the patients condition warrants immediate removal of body fluid
What lifestyle changes can be made to decrease BP?
decreasing salt, stress reduction, weight reduction
What drugs are not as effective for African Americans?
beta blockers and ACe inhibitors but diuretics and calcium channel blockers
What drugs do Native Americans have a reduced response to?
beta blockers ( the olols)
What patient population is at risk of orthostatic hypotension when taking antihypertensives?
older adults
Why education should be provided to patients taking antihypertensives?
-decrease sodium
-do not stop taking the drug abruptly because rebound hypertension can occur
-do not stop taking the drug when BP returns to normal
-rise slowly when getting up bc these cause orthostatic hypotension
What is given as an antidote to heparin when clotting times are elevated?
protamine sulfate
What test is used most frequently to report PT in warfarin patients?
INR
Why are thrombolytic medications given?
to prevent permanent tissue damage caused by compromised blood flow
What is elevated heart RT and decreased BP indicative of?
bleeding
For patients taking aspirin or NSAIDs and thrombolytic, what should be monitored?
any excessive bleeding
What are some side effects of cholestyramine and how can they be relieved?
GI upset and constipation, increased fluids and high fiber foods
What are some common side effects of nicotinic acid?
flushing of the skin and dizziness, drug titration and aspirin can minimize these ffects
What should be reported immediately when taking statins?
muscle ache or weakness, this can lead to rhabdomyolysis
When should simvastatin be given for best effect?
in the evening
What is included in the patient education for atorvastatin?
take with full glass of water, watch for body aches or GI upset, evaluate liver function
