Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Quiz 2 Concepts > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

metoprolol

A

beta blocker for hypertension
-decreases bronchodilation, cardiac contractility, blood sugar
-selective for receptors that decrease HR and BP
-less likely to cause bronchospasm so asthmatic pts. can take it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

albuterol

A

-bronchodilator
-alpha and beta adrenergic agonists
-treats asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can occur in high doses or overuse of albuterol?

A

the beta 2 agents being overused can beta 1 receptors and increase heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does continuous use of nasal sprays with adrenergic agonists cause?

A

rebound nasal congestion
-do not use more than 3 days
-spray while upright
-do not use with OTC meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

direct acting cholinergic agonists

A

selective for muscuranic (parasympathetic) receptors
-nonspecific bc muscarinic receptors are located in different sites stimulating various organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bethanechol

A

cholinergic agonists
direct acting
increase GI tract tone and peristalsis
adverse effects include headache, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, abdominal cramps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

atropine

A

anticholinergic agonists
used preoperatively to decrease saliva and increase HR
side effects include urinary retention, dehydration, palpitations, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some drugs that treat Alzheimers?

A

rivastigmine
memantine
galantamine
donepezil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What test is helpful in diagnosing ADHD?

A

EEG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be avoided when taking adderall for ADHD?

A

caffeine and pseudoephedrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

methlyphenidate

A

Ritalin
treat ADHD and narcolepsy
can affect food absorption
can cause growth suppression so height and weight should be monitored
can increase BP
check with provider before giving OTC meds w/ methylphenidate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What stage of sleep does vivid dreams occur?

A

REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How should you promote sleep in pts?

A

establish a routine of waking and sleeping at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who should you use a bed alarm for?

A

older patients and younger pts receiving a hypnotic for the first time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can be used to relieve frequent nighttime awakening?

A

Tylenol PM bc it contains acetaminophen and diphenhydramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When should you adjust anesthetics?

A

if the pt drinks, is pregnant, or is obese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

anticonvulsants

A

prevent seizures
taken throughout lifetime
stopping meds can lead to recurrence of seizures
inhibit vitamin K in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

epilepsy

A

occurs in children w/ 1 or more febrile seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can you determine the cause of decreased drug effects?

A

ask about medication adherence
assess serum level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parkinsons

A

caused by imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine bc dopaminergic neurons are degenerating
-is progressive but not a normal part of aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alzheimers

A

can result from decreased ACh degeneration of cholinergic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

carbidopa-levodopa

A

can cause orthostatic hypertension so be careful getting out of be
dark urine and perspiration is normal
-used to treat parkinsons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

rivastigmine

A

increases fall risk
take 2x daily on empty stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

causes fatigue and muscular weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

neostigmine

A

must be given on time for myasthenia crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cyclobenzapine (Flexeril)

A

treats muscle spasms and can not be stopped abruptly
causes dizziness and drowsiness

27
Q

muscle relaxants

A

can cause drug dependence and should not be withdrawn abruptly
needs to be tapered off

28
Q

Why can’t aspirin be taken in the third trimester of pregnancy?

A

it can cause adverse effects to the fetus

29
Q

indomethacin

A

relieves swelling, joint stiffness
irritating to stomach, take with food
can cause sodium retention and elevated BP
take 2x daily

30
Q

colchicine

A

increase fluid intake to promote uric acid excretion and prevent renal calculi

31
Q

What are some signs of inflammation?

A

edema, erythema, heat

32
Q

What can be taken if codeine doesn’t relieve severe pain?

A

oxycodone

33
Q

What is the daily dose of acetaminophen?

A

4000 mg

34
Q

What should be done if the patient’s pain decreases but vital signs indicate discomfort?

A

contact provider for stronger analgesic

35
Q

Does aspirin cause constipation?

A

no, so increasing fluids and fiber is not needed

36
Q

What should be assessed with post op opiods?

A

signs of overdose
respiratory depression which is common but needs to be reported

37
Q

pruritis

A

itchy skin
common opioid side effect that can be managed with diphenhydramine

38
Q

topical antipsychotics

A

treat schizophrenia
can have dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions) and cause muscle spasms

39
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

amitripyyline
response takes 2-4 weeks
constipation and dry mouth are common

40
Q

sympathetic

A

adrenergic

41
Q

parasympathetic

A

cholinergic

42
Q

alpha1

A

vascular

43
Q

alpha2

A

nerves, decreases BP, GI motility

44
Q

beta1

A

increases cardiac contractility

45
Q

beta2

A

bronchodilation, increases BP, relax uterus muscles

46
Q

How long does buspirone hydrocholoride take for a therapeutic response?

A

1-2 weeks

47
Q

ambien

A

treats insomnia
lasts 6-8 hours
half life is 4.5 hours
take before bed

48
Q

benzodiazepines

A

the pams (lorazepam, clonazepam, diazepam)
depressant
need to be taper off bc it can cause withdrawal

49
Q

What can cause epilepsy?

A

anoxia, infection, stroke

50
Q

Phenytoin

A

treats seizures
needs a CBC and BUN
red urine is not normal

51
Q

What can happen if acetaminophen is taken longterm for anorexia?

A

it can cause hypertension, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, insomnia

52
Q

What can be given for apnea?

A

caffeine

53
Q

What ingredients do OTC sleep aids have?

A

somnex and diphenhydramine

54
Q

beta blockers

A

decrease HR, constrict airway, lower BP

55
Q

anticholinergics

A

can treat tremors and muscular rigidity

56
Q

What are some side effects of anticholinergics?

A

dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

57
Q

What is benzotropine contraindicated for?

A

glaucoma

58
Q

benzotropine

A

helps relieve symptoms of parkinsons

59
Q

What should women taking OCP and phenytoin do?

A

use extra contraceptives

60
Q

What is a antiviral for Parkinsons?

A

amantadine (Symmetrel)

61
Q

What effect does Robaxin have on urine?

A

it turns it black

62
Q

What can aspirin do to bleeding?

A

increases bleeding and platelets
tinnitus, hearing loss, confusion

63
Q

What effect does ibuprofen have on periods?

A

less blood

Pharmacology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions