Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

how medications travel throughout the body, includes process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Question 2

What are the two pharmaceutic phases?

Answer 2

disintegration and dissolution
for meds taken orally

Question 3

absorption

Answer 3

the transmission of medications from the location of admin

Question 4

distribution

Answer 4

transportation of medications to sites of action by bodily fluids

Question 5

What factors can influence distribution?

Answer 5

circulation, permeability of cell membrane, and plasma

Question 6

metabolism

Answer 6

changes medication into less active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes

Question 7

Where are drugs mainly metabolized?

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

What are some outcomes of metabolism?

Answer 8

increased renal excretion, inactivate meds.

Question 9

excretion

Answer 9

eliminating meds from the body
takes place through liver, kidneys, exocrine glands

Question 10

first pass effect

Answer 10

the process where the meds pass through the liver first , sometimes the liver inactivates it

Question 11

bioavailability

Answer 11

the percentage of the drug that reaches systemic circulation

Question 12

half life

Answer 12

time it takes for 1/2 of the drug to be eliminated

Question 13

pharmacodynamics

Answer 13

interactions between meds and target cells, systems, and organs

Question 14

agonists

Answer 14

activate receptors and produce desired response

Question 15

antagonists

Answer 15

prevent receptor activation and block response

Question 16

receptor theory

Answer 16

drugs bind to receptors to activate a receptor , produce a response, or inactivate the receptor

Question 17

therapeutic window

Answer 17

the range of dosage of a drug in a bodily system provides safe effective therapy

Question 18

therapeutic index

Answer 18

meds with high indexes have a wide safety margin and do not need to be routinely monitored

Question 19

peak drug level

Answer 19

highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time, indicates the rate of absorption

Question 20

trough drug level

Answer 20

lowest plasma concentration of a drug, the rate at which the drug is eliminated

Question 21

loading dose

Answer 21

used when immediate drug response is desired

Question 22

side effects

Answer 22

desirable or undesirable effects

Question 23

adverse reactions

Answer 23

more severe than side effects, unintended

Question 24

toxicity

Answer 24

identified by monitoring the plasma therapuetic range of the drug

Question 25

narrow therapeutic index

Answer 25

closely monitored

Question 26

What occurs if a drug level exceeds the therapeutic range?

Answer 26

toxic effects are likely to occur from overdosing or drug accumulation

Question 27

tolerance

Answer 27

decreeased responsiveness over the course of therapy

Question 28

tachyphylaxis

Answer 28

rapid decrease in response to the drug occurs quickly