Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
pharmacokinetics
how medications travel throughout the body, includes process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
What are the two pharmaceutic phases?
disintegration and dissolution
for meds taken orally
absorption
the transmission of medications from the location of admin
distribution
transportation of medications to sites of action by bodily fluids
What factors can influence distribution?
circulation, permeability of cell membrane, and plasma
metabolism
changes medication into less active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes
Where are drugs mainly metabolized?
liver
What are some outcomes of metabolism?
increased renal excretion, inactivate meds.
excretion
eliminating meds from the body
takes place through liver, kidneys, exocrine glands
first pass effect
the process where the meds pass through the liver first , sometimes the liver inactivates it
bioavailability
the percentage of the drug that reaches systemic circulation
half life
time it takes for 1/2 of the drug to be eliminated
pharmacodynamics
interactions between meds and target cells, systems, and organs
agonists
activate receptors and produce desired response
antagonists
prevent receptor activation and block response
receptor theory
drugs bind to receptors to activate a receptor , produce a response, or inactivate the receptor
therapeutic window
the range of dosage of a drug in a bodily system provides safe effective therapy
therapeutic index
meds with high indexes have a wide safety margin and do not need to be routinely monitored
peak drug level
highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time, indicates the rate of absorption
trough drug level
lowest plasma concentration of a drug, the rate at which the drug is eliminated
loading dose
used when immediate drug response is desired
side effects
desirable or undesirable effects
adverse reactions
more severe than side effects, unintended
toxicity
identified by monitoring the plasma therapuetic range of the drug
narrow therapeutic index
closely monitored
What occurs if a drug level exceeds the therapeutic range?
toxic effects are likely to occur from overdosing or drug accumulation
tolerance
decreeased responsiveness over the course of therapy
tachyphylaxis
rapid decrease in response to the drug occurs quickly
