Quiz 1 Flashcards
pharmaceutic phase
only w/ meds taken by mouth
involve disintegration and dissolution
first pass effect
process where the med passes through the liver first and inactivates the meds
How does cirrhosis and hepatitis alter drug metabolism?
they prevent the liver from metabolizing drugs
half life
time it takes for 1/2 of the med to be eliminated
steady state
enough drug is in the system to be consistently effective
loading dose
used when immediate drug response is desired
bioavailability
the percentage of the drug that reaches systemic circulation
Why should you not crush enteric-coated meds?
enteric coated meds dissolve when they reach the small intestine and can not be crushed because it will not give the desired effect
Why should drugs with a longer half-life be given at longer intervals?
drugs with longer half-lives shouldn’t be given in multiple doses because the drug can accumulate and be toxic
troche
lozenge, gets dissolved
capsule
made of gelatin, allows release over a period of time
-usually released
suspension
has small fine particles of the med. that do not dissolve completely in water
routine prescription
carried out until the provider changes or discontinues it
standing prescription
protocol-based and have a lot of directives to implement in specific situations
1 kg
1000 g or 2.2 lbs
1 oz
30 mL, 2 Tablespoons, 6 teaspoons
1 liter
1000 ml
1 tsp
5 ml
1 tbsp
15 ml or 3tsp
1 mm
.01 cm
Which has the highest rate of absorption between liquids, capsules, and tablets?
liquids have a higher rate of absorption because they do not have to be broken down
–>capsules
–>tablets
How does food affect drug absorption?
food can affect the absorption because the drug and the food compete to be broken down and dissolved
bioavailability
how much drug is available in the body circulation
Rates of Bioavailability for med routes
IV- 100%
IM- about 75%
Subq- about 75%
transdermal
rectal
oral and inhalation
When a protein bound drug is adhered to the protein site, what occurs?
it helps decrease the speed of action
trough level
lowest plasma concentration of a drug
When administering a medication with a narrow therapeutic range, the nurse’s job is to monitor the blood level because?
in drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges, there is a small difference between therapeutic and toxic doses
How much medication should be given to older clients?
start low and go slow
tachyplaxis
rapid decrease in response to drug, occurs quickly
When should you give a med that is affected by food in the stomach?
an hour before they eat
For lipid-soluble drugs, how should you administer them?
they should given with high fat foods
Anytime the serum albumin level is low and a client is given a highly protein-bound drug, the effect seen
is?
there is less protein for that drug to attach, ending up with more drug in free circulation which would
manifest in increased drug effects
What happens if you have two highly protein drugs?
there is more drug that ends up in free circulation and can lead to increased drug effects, they can even be adverse
- the drugs displace each other and have more drugs in circulation
What happens if you have a lower protein-bound drug and add higher protein-bound drug?
the lower protein-bound drug will have increased effects
nonspecific drugs
can act on one type of receptor but in different body tissues
What is the main difference between generic and brand-name drugs?
price
misfeasance
giving the wrong dose
creatinine clearance
describes how well the kidneys are excreting
protein binding
these proteins bind to many different drugs and drugs that are protein bound can’t activate receptors unless they’re free
