Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pharmaceutic phase

A

only w/ meds taken by mouth
involve disintegration and dissolution

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2
Q

first pass effect

A

process where the med passes through the liver first and inactivates the meds

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3
Q

How does cirrhosis and hepatitis alter drug metabolism?

A

they prevent the liver from metabolizing drugs

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4
Q

half life

A

time it takes for 1/2 of the med to be eliminated

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5
Q

steady state

A

enough drug is in the system to be consistently effective

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6
Q

loading dose

A

used when immediate drug response is desired

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7
Q

bioavailability

A

the percentage of the drug that reaches systemic circulation

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8
Q

Why should you not crush enteric-coated meds?

A

enteric coated meds dissolve when they reach the small intestine and can not be crushed because it will not give the desired effect

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9
Q

Why should drugs with a longer half-life be given at longer intervals?

A

drugs with longer half-lives shouldn’t be given in multiple doses because the drug can accumulate and be toxic

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10
Q

troche

A

lozenge, gets dissolved

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11
Q

capsule

A

made of gelatin, allows release over a period of time
-usually released

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12
Q

suspension

A

has small fine particles of the med. that do not dissolve completely in water

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13
Q

routine prescription

A

carried out until the provider changes or discontinues it

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14
Q

standing prescription

A

protocol-based and have a lot of directives to implement in specific situations

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15
Q

1 kg

A

1000 g or 2.2 lbs

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16
Q

1 oz

A

30 mL, 2 Tablespoons, 6 teaspoons

17
Q

1 liter

A

1000 ml

18
Q

1 tsp

A

5 ml

19
Q

1 tbsp

A

15 ml or 3tsp

20
Q

1 mm

A

.01 cm

21
Q

Which has the highest rate of absorption between liquids, capsules, and tablets?

A

liquids have a higher rate of absorption because they do not have to be broken down
–>capsules
–>tablets

22
Q

How does food affect drug absorption?

A

food can affect the absorption because the drug and the food compete to be broken down and dissolved

23
Q

bioavailability

A

how much drug is available in the body circulation

24
Q

Rates of Bioavailability for med routes

A

IV- 100%
IM- about 75%
Subq- about 75%
transdermal
rectal
oral and inhalation

25
Q

When a protein bound drug is adhered to the protein site, what occurs?

A

it helps decrease the speed of action

26
Q

trough level

A

lowest plasma concentration of a drug

27
Q

When administering a medication with a narrow therapeutic range, the nurse’s job is to monitor the blood level because?

A

in drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges, there is a small difference between therapeutic and toxic doses

28
Q

How much medication should be given to older clients?

A

start low and go slow

29
Q

tachyplaxis

A

rapid decrease in response to drug, occurs quickly

30
Q

When should you give a med that is affected by food in the stomach?

A

an hour before they eat

31
Q

For lipid-soluble drugs, how should you administer them?

A

they should given with high fat foods

32
Q

Anytime the serum albumin level is low and a client is given a highly protein-bound drug, the effect seen
is?

A

there is less protein for that drug to attach, ending up with more drug in free circulation which would
manifest in increased drug effects

33
Q

What happens if you have two highly protein drugs?

A

there is more drug that ends up in free circulation and can lead to increased drug effects, they can even be adverse
- the drugs displace each other and have more drugs in circulation

34
Q

What happens if you have a lower protein-bound drug and add higher protein-bound drug?

A

the lower protein-bound drug will have increased effects

35
Q

nonspecific drugs

A

can act on one type of receptor but in different body tissues

36
Q

What is the main difference between generic and brand-name drugs?

A

price

37
Q

misfeasance

A

giving the wrong dose

38
Q

creatinine clearance

A

describes how well the kidneys are excreting

39
Q

protein binding

A

these proteins bind to many different drugs and drugs that are protein bound can’t activate receptors unless they’re free