Quiz 4 Flashcards
Amenorrhea
Absence or cessation of the menstrual cycle
Amovulatory estrus
Expression of estrus w/o ovulation
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death as occurs during luteolysis
Anestrus
Absence of estrous cycles or a period of sexual inactivity between two breeding seasons
Antrum
A cavity formed by separation of follicular cells w/in which lies the oocyte lined by mural granulosa cells, and contains follicular fluid
Atresia
Degenerative changes undergone by unruptured follicles in the ovaries
Bartholin’s glands
A pair of female glands homologous to the bulbo-urethral glands of the male located on each side of the urethral orifice that secrete lubricating mucus into the vestibule
Cervical os
Opening of the cervix
Contralateral
Refers to being on the opposite side
Cumulus cells
Granulosa cells located in the vicinity of the oocyte
Cyst
A vesicle or sac containing a fluid or semisolid substance
Dilate
To distend or widen beyond normal limits
Edema
Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body
Endometrium
Inner layer of the wall of the uterus consisting of the epithelial lining of the lumen, the glandular layer, and connective tissue
Follicular wave
Bovine follicles grow in waves starting w/ recruitment of small follicles followed by selection of a single follicle to continue growing next the selected follicle becomes dominant in size resulting in the other follicles growth being inhibited. A new wave begins when the dominant follicle loses its dominance. Waves occur before puberty and continue during pregnancy and the postpartum anestrous period. 2-3 waves occur/estrous cycle
Recruitment
Refers to the first stage of a follicular wave during which a group of small follicles begin to grow from a pool of antral follicles
Selection
Occurs approximately 36-48 hrs after the initiation of recruitment at which time one follicle becomes larger than the others in the group the rest degenerate
Dominance
Characterized by the growth of the selected follicle into a dominant follicle. The follicle is dominant in terms of its size and influence over other follicles. A new follicular wave cannot be initated until the dominant follicle loses its dominance.
Gamete
A germ cell of either sex
Hyperemia
Excess of blood in any part the body aka congestion of blood
Hypertrophy
Excessive increase in size of an organ or tissue as from unusual stimulation
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
Ipsilateral
Refers to being on the same side
Luteolysis
The process of the CL regression and death
Maternal recognition of pregnancy
The process by which the embryo signals its presence to the mother
Menstraul Cycle
Reproductive cycle occuring in humans and some other species of primates in the absence of pregnancy
Menopause
Termination of menstrual cycles due to a decrease in ovarian follicles below a threshold level
Menstruation
Regular sloughing of the endometrial lining that occurs near the end of a nonpregnant menstraul cycle
Mural granulosa cells
The granulosa cells that make up the wall of the Graafian follicle
Myometrium
The muscluar substance of the uterus consisting of three layers, internal circular layer, external longitudinal layer, and separating these the vascular layer
Necrosis
Form of cell death resulting from damage to the cell or tissue
Oogenesis
The cell division including meiosis, through which the germ cells of the female pass before they are mature and ready for fertilization