Quiz 2 Flashcards
Acidophil
Cells w/ cytoplasmic granules that stain readily w/ acid dyes and ones of the anterior pituitary gland secrete prolactin and growth hormone
Agonist
A substance that can bind to a receptor and act like a native substance resulting in normal physiologic response
Anastomosis
A communication between two hollow parts, organs, or vessels that are normally separate
Antagonist
A substance that inhibits the normal action of a hormone or native substance
Androgen
Hormones w/ masculinizing properties
Autocrine communication
When a hormone stimulates the same cell from which it is secreted
Basophil
A group of cells containing granules which stain readily w/ basic dyes and in the anterior pituitary gland secrete FSH and LH
Bioassay
Qualitative or quantitative determination of a substance using living biological material
Cryptorchidism
Failure of the mammalian testes to descent into the scrotum
Down regulation
decrease in the number of receptors on a target tissue
Endocrinology
The study of the actions and interactions of the secretions of the endocrine glands
Endocrine secretion
Secretion of a hormone from an endocrine gland which is transported in the blood to a target organ
Endocrine gland
A gland that secretes its product directly into the blood instead into ducts
Endogenous
That which originates within the body
Enzyme
A protein capable of accelerating some biochemical change in its substrate for which it is usually specific typically ending in ase
Estrogen
Hormones that promote estrus and stimulate secondary sexual characteristics in females
Exocrine secretion
Secretion of a product into a duct
Exogenous
That which is introduced into the body from outside
Negative feedback
A physiological mechanism by which the secretion of a hormone from a target organ is inhibited
Positive feedback
A physiological mechanism by which the secretion of a hormone from a target organ is stimulated
Glycoprotein
Protein conjugated w/ a carbohydrate group
Gonad
A primary sex gland (ovary or testis)
Half life
The time required for one half of a substance to be cleared from the body
Hormone
A chemical signal that is secreted directly into the blood by an endocrine gland and that elicts a physiological response from a target tissue
Hormone receptor down regulation
A reduction in the number of receptors for specific hormone
Hypophysectomy
Removal of the hypophysis by surgery
Hypothalamic nucleus
A collection of nerve cell bodies in a specific location w/in the hypothalamus that control a physiological response
Intracrine communication
When a hormone stimulates a cell w/o being secreted
Kinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates a protein
Ligand
Any substance that binds specifically and reversibly to another chemical entity
Lipoprotein
A protein conjugated w/ a lipid
Luteotropin
A hormone or signal that promotes the maintenance and function of a corpus
Luteolysin
A hormone or signal that causes the CL to regress
Morphogenesis
The development of form; the development undergone by an organism to approximate to the type of its species
Morphology
The science of the form and structure of organisms
Neurohormone
A hormone that is secreted directly from a neuron into the blood
Paracrine communication
When a hormone stimulates an adjacent cell w/o entering the blood
Phosphorylation
Addition of a phosphate group to a protein important for activating or inhibiting the biological activity of a protein
Progestogen
A hormone that has biological activity similar to progesterone
Signal transduction
A molecular biology term in which a signal outside a cell causes a response inside a cell
Steroid
A group name for compounds that chemically resembe cholesterol
Steroidogenesis
The synthesis of a steroid by a cell
Synergism
The joint action of two or more hormones or structures so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual affects
Target organ
An organ that is able to respond to a hormone
What is the gene that triggers the development of testes by binding to regulatory elements to DNA to alter gene expression
SRY
What does the Y chromosome in Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY) trigger
The development of male attributes such as testicular hypoplasia (sterile)
How are people w/ Turner’s syndrome sterile (XO)
Ovaries are inactive
What two genes trigger the formation of the genital ridge
WT1 (Wilms Tumor Gene) and SF1 (Steroidogenic Factor 1)
What is the genital ridge
It begins the ventral surface of the mesonephros as paired thickenings of the coelomic epithelial layer
In the embryo where are the primordial germ cells located
The yolk that then travel to the midgut to be inserted into circulation
What is the genitial tubercle
The penis or clitoris
What is the genitial fold
The prepuce or inner vulva
What is the genitial swelling
Scrotum or outer vulva
What does PGC mean
Primordid germ cells
What do PGCs form into in the testes
spermatogonia
What do PGCs form into in the ovaries
oogonium/oocytes and granulosa cell formation
What is the tubular reproductive tract of females
Oviduct, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina
What is the tubular reproductive tract of males
Epididymis, vas deferens, and vesicular glands
What two hormones trigger the formation of the male tubular tract and stops the formation of the female tubular tract
Testosterone and Anti mullerian hormone
