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Repro Phys > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acidophil

A

Cells w/ cytoplasmic granules that stain readily w/ acid dyes and ones of the anterior pituitary gland secrete prolactin and growth hormone

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2
Q

Agonist

A

A substance that can bind to a receptor and act like a native substance resulting in normal physiologic response

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3
Q

Anastomosis

A

A communication between two hollow parts, organs, or vessels that are normally separate

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

A substance that inhibits the normal action of a hormone or native substance

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5
Q

Androgen

A

Hormones w/ masculinizing properties

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6
Q

Autocrine communication

A

When a hormone stimulates the same cell from which it is secreted

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7
Q

Basophil

A

A group of cells containing granules which stain readily w/ basic dyes and in the anterior pituitary gland secrete FSH and LH

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8
Q

Bioassay

A

Qualitative or quantitative determination of a substance using living biological material

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9
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Failure of the mammalian testes to descent into the scrotum

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10
Q

Down regulation

A

decrease in the number of receptors on a target tissue

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11
Q

Endocrinology

A

The study of the actions and interactions of the secretions of the endocrine glands

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12
Q

Endocrine secretion

A

Secretion of a hormone from an endocrine gland which is transported in the blood to a target organ

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13
Q

Endocrine gland

A

A gland that secretes its product directly into the blood instead into ducts

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14
Q

Endogenous

A

That which originates within the body

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15
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein capable of accelerating some biochemical change in its substrate for which it is usually specific typically ending in ase

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16
Q

Estrogen

A

Hormones that promote estrus and stimulate secondary sexual characteristics in females

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17
Q

Exocrine secretion

A

Secretion of a product into a duct

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18
Q

Exogenous

A

That which is introduced into the body from outside

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19
Q

Negative feedback

A

A physiological mechanism by which the secretion of a hormone from a target organ is inhibited

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20
Q

Positive feedback

A

A physiological mechanism by which the secretion of a hormone from a target organ is stimulated

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21
Q

Glycoprotein

A

Protein conjugated w/ a carbohydrate group

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22
Q

Gonad

A

A primary sex gland (ovary or testis)

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23
Q

Half life

A

The time required for one half of a substance to be cleared from the body

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24
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical signal that is secreted directly into the blood by an endocrine gland and that elicts a physiological response from a target tissue

25
Q

Hormone receptor down regulation

A

A reduction in the number of receptors for specific hormone

26
Q

Hypophysectomy

A

Removal of the hypophysis by surgery

27
Q

Hypothalamic nucleus

A

A collection of nerve cell bodies in a specific location w/in the hypothalamus that control a physiological response

28
Q

Intracrine communication

A

When a hormone stimulates a cell w/o being secreted

29
Q

Kinase

A

An enzyme that phosphorylates a protein

30
Q

Ligand

A

Any substance that binds specifically and reversibly to another chemical entity

31
Q

Lipoprotein

A

A protein conjugated w/ a lipid

32
Q

Luteotropin

A

A hormone or signal that promotes the maintenance and function of a corpus

33
Q

Luteolysin

A

A hormone or signal that causes the CL to regress

34
Q

Morphogenesis

A

The development of form; the development undergone by an organism to approximate to the type of its species

35
Q

Morphology

A

The science of the form and structure of organisms

36
Q

Neurohormone

A

A hormone that is secreted directly from a neuron into the blood

37
Q

Paracrine communication

A

When a hormone stimulates an adjacent cell w/o entering the blood

38
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Addition of a phosphate group to a protein important for activating or inhibiting the biological activity of a protein

39
Q

Progestogen

A

A hormone that has biological activity similar to progesterone

40
Q

Signal transduction

A

A molecular biology term in which a signal outside a cell causes a response inside a cell

41
Q

Steroid

A

A group name for compounds that chemically resembe cholesterol

42
Q

Steroidogenesis

A

The synthesis of a steroid by a cell

43
Q

Synergism

A

The joint action of two or more hormones or structures so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual affects

44
Q

Target organ

A

An organ that is able to respond to a hormone

45
Q

What is the gene that triggers the development of testes by binding to regulatory elements to DNA to alter gene expression

A

SRY

46
Q

What does the Y chromosome in Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY) trigger

A

The development of male attributes such as testicular hypoplasia (sterile)

47
Q

How are people w/ Turner’s syndrome sterile (XO)

A

Ovaries are inactive

48
Q

What two genes trigger the formation of the genital ridge

A

WT1 (Wilms Tumor Gene) and SF1 (Steroidogenic Factor 1)

49
Q

What is the genital ridge

A

It begins the ventral surface of the mesonephros as paired thickenings of the coelomic epithelial layer

50
Q

In the embryo where are the primordial germ cells located

A

The yolk that then travel to the midgut to be inserted into circulation

51
Q

What is the genitial tubercle

A

The penis or clitoris

52
Q

What is the genitial fold

A

The prepuce or inner vulva

53
Q

What is the genitial swelling

A

Scrotum or outer vulva

54
Q

What does PGC mean

A

Primordid germ cells

55
Q

What do PGCs form into in the testes

A

spermatogonia

56
Q

What do PGCs form into in the ovaries

A

oogonium/oocytes and granulosa cell formation

57
Q

What is the tubular reproductive tract of females

A

Oviduct, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina

58
Q

What is the tubular reproductive tract of males

A

Epididymis, vas deferens, and vesicular glands

59
Q

What two hormones trigger the formation of the male tubular tract and stops the formation of the female tubular tract

A

Testosterone and Anti mullerian hormone

Repro Phys (10 decks)

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