Quiz 3 Flashcards
Acrosome
Cap like structure that surrounds the anterior part of the head of a sperm and participates in the acrosome reaction
Acrosome reaction
During fertilization the acrosome releases enzymes associated w/ penetration of the zona pellucida
Ampulla
Male- a thickening of the vas deferens before it enters the urethra Female- dilated section of the oviduct which lies between the infunbidulum and the isthmus
Antrum
Fluid filled cavity inside a graafian follicle
Aspermia
Failur of formation or emission of semen carrying sperm
Heterogametic
Producing unlike gametes w/ respect to the sex chromosomes
Intersex
An individual showing morphological and anatomical characteristics that lie between the typical male and female condition
Libidio
Desire to mate
Meiosis
The 2 divisions which precede the formation of gametes in which the members of each chromosome pair separate and the chromosome number in the resulting daughter cells is reduced to half somatic number as distingusined from ordinary cell division
Metamorphosis
Change of shape or structure a transition from one developmental stage to another
Mitosis
Cell division involving the duplication of chromosomes and the division of chromosomes by a process of longitudinal splitting. Thus, each of the resultant daughter cells recieves a full complement of chromosomes existing in the original cell before division
Septum
A dividing wall or membrane
Spermatocytogenesis
The stage of spermatogenesis that involves cell division
Spermatogenesis
The process of formation of sperm which includes both spermatocytogenesis
Spermiogenesis
The morphological change that spermatids undergo to become spermatozoa
Spermiation
The process by which spermatoza detach from steroli cells
Tumescence
A state of being swollen or tumid
How long does the entire first phase of the spermatogenesis process take
43 days
How long is the mitotic divsion of the spermatogenesis process
20 days
How long is the meiosis stage of the spermatogenesis process
23 days (meiosis 1 = 21 days and meiosis 2 = 2 days)
How long is the second phase of the spermatogenesis process
17 days
How long is the whoel spermatogenesis process
60-63 days
What is forms from the golgi of the spermatid creating the next phase of the golgi phase of speriogenesis
Proacrosomic granules
What does the proacrosomic granules form in the next phase of the golgi phase of spermiogenesis
The acrosomic vesicle and the acrosomic granule
What starts moving towards the bottom of the sperm to form the tail
Centrioles
What is formed during the cap phase of spermiogenesis
The acrosomic vesicle starts developing around the nucleus and the tail begins to grow
What occurs during the acrosomal phase
Mitochondria start drifing down towards the developing midpiece
What is spermiation
Release of spermatoza to the lumen
What is the blood testis barrier
A blood tissue barrier that divides seminiferous epithelium into the basal and apical seperating pre and post mitotic germ cells
What three things make up the blood barrier
Basement membrane, wall of the blood vessel, and steroli cells
What causes the fluid movement of the sperm
An increase in Na solute
What does FSH produce in the male brain
testosterone which goes inside the seminiferous tubule causing spermatogenesis
What does LH stimulate
Leydig cells to produce testosterone
What does the sertoli cell turn testosterone into
DHT
What does sertoli cell also produce
estrogen
What is the role of androgen binding protein
To maintain testosterone
What is the anatomy of the follicle
Oocyte, granulosa cell, the externa and interna theca layers, and the antrum
What is the cumulus type of granulosa cell surround
the oocyte
What does the mural granulosa cell surround
the follicle
What is the interna theca layer produce
testosterone
What does the externa theca layer
smooth muscle
What is an identifing characteristic of primordial follicles
Squamous epithelial cells
What is an identifing characteristic of primary follicles
Cuboidal epithelial cells
What is an identifing characteristic of of secondary follicle
The development of zona pellucida and two or more layers of epithelial cells
What is an identifing characteristic of the tertiary follicle
The development of both theca layers and the antrum
What can both the tertiary follicle and the graafian follicle
Antral
What three things are involved with turning the germline cyst into a follicle
Notch signaling, NOBOX, and figla
What turns the primordial follicle into a primary follicle
Foxl2, Sohlh 1, and 2
What is critical for truning a primary follicle to a secondary follice
GDF 9 and Kit
What are a couple of things needed to turn a secondary follicle into an antral follicle
FSH + FSHr, Inha, and Igf1
