Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
Where is the progesterone receptor gene
Uterus
What is the estrogen response element
The release of estrogen triggers the release of progesterone
What is the progesterone response element
Prohibits the translation of the estrogen receptor gene
What type of dissection sections appear in a circular shape
Cross section
What is eosin
A negatively charged acidic dye that stains the cytoplasm typically appear in red or pink
What is hematoxylin
A basic dye that stans the nucleus typically appear in purplish blue
What is the function and location of simple squamous epithelium cells
Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration and secretes lubricating substances found in air sacs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
What is the function and location of simple cuboidal epithelium
Secretes and absorbs found in ducts, small glands, and kidney tubules
What is the function and location of simple columnar epithelium
Absorbs and secretes mucous and enzymes found in bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus, GIT, and bladder
What is the function and location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Secretes mucus and ciliated tissue moves mucus found in the trachea and URT
What is the function and location of stratified squamous epithelium
Protects agains abrasion found in esphagus, mouth, and vagina
What is the function and location of stratified cuboidal epithelium
Protective tissue found in sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands
What is the function and location of stratified columnar epithelium
Secretes and protects found in male urethra and ducts of some glands
What is the function and location of transitional epithelium
Allows urinary organs to expand and stretch found in bladder, urethra, and ureters
What is a physical difference btw a follicle and a CL
A follicle has a fluid filled cavity
What is the tunica dartos muscle
Located near the the smooth muscle of the scrotum it regulates the temp of the testicles which promotes spermatogenesis
What is the stratum subdarticum
Loosely woven layer of white connective tissue btw tunica dartos and tunica vaginalis parietal
What is the visceral vaginal tunic
Covers the testis and epididymis
What is the parietal vaginal tunic
Covering the inner aspect of the scrotal wall
What is the rete testis
Located in the hilum of the testicle that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts
What is the cremaster muscle
Surrounds the testis assisting in thermoregulation of the testis by pulling the testis in and out of the body
What is the ductus deferens
A muscular tube that is located w/in the spermatic cord that transports spermatozoa from the ejaculatory ducts
What is the vesicular glands
Located behind the bladder that produce seminal fluid
What is the prostate gland
Located below the bladder that produce seminal fluid
What is the bulbourethral gland
Located behind and outside the membranous urethra that lubricates the urethra for passage of ejaculate
What is the urethralis muscle
It surrounds the urethra controls involuntary urine flow from the bladder
What is ischiocavernous muscle
Located in the superficial perineal space that closes the crura stopping blood flow to the penis and increases the BP in the penis
What is the bulbocavernous muscle
Located in the perineum of the testis that pushes semen thru the penis to the outside world
What is the colliculus seminalis
Located near the urethral crest that prevents oozing of semen
What is the bulb of urethra
Located above the testicles to maintain the urinary continence during physical exercise
What is the sigmoid flexure
The s shaped that straightened out when there is an erection
What is the corpus cavernosum penis
The erectile tissue of the penis
What is the corpus spongiosum urethra
Surrounds the urethra preventing the urethra from pinching closed and can be filled by blood
What is the glans penis
The head/tip of your penis
Where does fertilization happens
Ampullary isthmic junction of the oviduct
What connects the two uterine horns to each other
Intercornual ligament
What is an anatomircal characteristic of a bovine cervix
Cervical rings
Where is the blind pouch
Near the cervix is the fornix of the vagina
What do female vestibule glands produce
Lubrication and faramones
What is the broad ligament
Connects the ovary, cervix, and vagina
What is the mesometrium
Attaches the broad ligament to the uterus and supports it
What is the mesosalpinx
Attaches the broad ligament to the oviduct and supports it
What is the mesovarium
Attaches the broad ligament to the ovary and supports it
What hormone does a follicle produce
Estrogen
What is formed after the CL
Corpus albicans
What is corpus hemorrhagicum
The follicle cavity fills w/ blood after ovulation
What hormone does the CL produce
Progesterone
What is the widest part of the oviduct
The ampulla
What is the purpose of the isthmus
The narrowness of the isthmus keeps the egg in longer
What is the utero tubal junction
The connection of the uterus and the oviduct
What is the endometrium
The inner layer of the uterine horn
What is the myometrium
The muscle of the uterine horn
What is the perimetrium
The outer covering of the uterine horn
What hormone does theca interna produce
Testosterone
What is the zona pellucida
The layer that surrounds the oocyte
What in the ampulla lumen moves the egg
The ciliated epithelium
What is the largest part of the isthmus
The muscular layer
What does the uterine gland produce
Secretion known as uterine milk that developes prior to the placenta
What happens to the seminiferous degenererates
The leydig cells can grow producing same or more testosterone
What is the stereocilia
Moves sperm from the head to the tail and allows sperm to absorb fluid allowing sperm to survive longer and give them more space to swim
What process allows me to consistently produce sperm
Spermatigonia
What are accessory glands also called
Seminal vesicle
What is the erection canal
Pushes blood to the penis
What is the uterus in avians also known as
The shell gland
What is the function of the indundibulum in the avian reproductive tract
Egg pickup and fertilization
What is the function of the magnum in the avian reproductive tract
Albumen secretion
What is the function of the Isthmus in the avian reproductive tract
Formation of shell membranes
What is the stigma of the avian reproductive tract
Where ovulation occurs
What are the different parts of the oviduct in the avian reproductive tract
Infundibulum, magnum, isthmus
How is sperm quality affected as they are exposed to a larger quanity of water
Their motility decreases
How is sperm quality affected as they are exposed to quanities of procain HCL
Their motility increases
How is the sperm quality affected as they are exposed to temperature changes
Their motility decreases
What are primary head abnormalities in sperm
Pyriform, round, microcephalic (tiny head), macrocephalic (large head), double, and abnormal acrosome
What are primary abnormailities w/ the midpiece of sperm
Kinked (bent), double, swollen, abaxial (not centered)
What is a primary tail abnormaility w/ the tail of the sperm
Coiled
What are secondary abnormailities
Detached normal heads, proximal protoplasmic droplet, distal protoplasmic droplet, bent tail (folded in half), and detached galea capitis
Why is the cervix of the mare tight in diestrus
To prevent infection
What is the purpose of good uterine tone in diestrus mares
To prepare for pregnancy
What is the best indicator of estrus in mares
abundant edema is the result of high estrogen concentrations
After giving prostaglandin F2alpha does a mare go into estrus and ovulate
3-5 days and 6-12 days
What is used in semen collection to maintain pressure and temperature
Artificial vagina
What is progressive motility (PM)
Estimate percentage of sperm moving in straight line
What is total motility
Estimate percentage of sperm moving in any direction
How do you calculate the average PMS
Take the volume of sperm and multiple it by the concentration the multiply that number by PM
What does the densimeter do
It measures by passing light through formalin/semen mixture & estimating concentration based off of number of large cells in sample this tends to be overestimated
What does the hemocytometer
Loads specialized slide w/ formalin/semen mixture & count individual sperm cells w/ microscope this method is more accurate
How much sperm needs to be deposited in a mare to achieve good fertility
500 X 10^6
What is foal heat
The first heat cycle after a mare foals and typically occurs 5-15 days postpartum typically lasting 5 days
Can mares concieve during foal heat
yes its fertile estrus
What is pneumovagina
Wind sucking is irritated of vaginal mucosa, presence of airborne or fecal contaminants, and causes changes in pH of genital secretions causing infertility
How is pneumovagina corrected
W/ caslicks operation such as episioplasty or vulvoplasty
