Quiz #3: Study Guide (Exam #3 Part 1)

Question 1

Herpes Zoster

Answer 1

Multiple aggregate blustery type lesion.

Runs along nerve tract. Dermatome.

Question 2

Urticaria

Answer 2

Hives

Question 3

What causes urticaria?

Answer 3

Type I hypersensitivity reactions to allergens.

Immediate and occurs within seconds to minutes.

Question 4

Urticaria: Pathophysiology

Answer 4

Histamine release -> vessels dilate -> cells contract -> leakage of fluid into the interstitial region -> itching, redness, pleuritis and pain

Question 5

Folliculitis

Answer 5

Bacterial infection of hair follicles

Question 6

Furuncles

Answer 6

Inflammation of hair follicle.

May develop after folliculitis.

Question 7

Carbuncles

Answer 7

Collection of infected hair follicles.

Painful, swollen mass; abscess may develop.

Question 8

Carbuncles other symptoms that may occur include

Answer 8

Fever, chills and malaise

Question 9

Cellulitis

Answer 9

Infection of the dermis and SQ tissue

Occurs as extension of skin wound, furuncles or carbuncles.

Question 10

Cellulitis is also associated with

Answer 10

Chronic venous insufficiency and/or stasis dermatitis

Question 11

Impetigo

Answer 11

Superficial lesion of the skin.

Most common in children.

Question 12

What are the common drugs used to treat bacterial skin infections?

Answer 12

i. Bacitracin
ii. Polymyxin
iii. Neomycin
iv. Penicillin antibiotic

Question 13

Tinea Capitis

Answer 13

Fungal infection of the scalp

Question 14

How do you treat fungal infections?

Answer 14

Topic or systemic anti-fungal drugs

Question 15

What are some of the antifungal drugs?

Answer 15

1. Clotrimazole (lotrimin)

2. Miconazole (Monistat)

Question 16

What is candidiasis?

Answer 16

Fungal infection caused by Candida albicans.

Normally found on the skin, in the GI tract and in the vagina.

Question 17

Candida albicans can change from

Answer 17

A commensalism organism to a pathogen

Question 18

What drug is used to treat candidiasis?

Answer 18

Miconazole (Monistat)

Question 19

What is Monistat?

Answer 19

A topical antifungal drug.

Inhibits the growth of several fungi including dermatophytes and yeast as well as gram positive bacteria.

Question 20

What are the adverse effects of monistat?

Answer 20

Vulvovaginal burning and itching
Pelvic cramps
Rash
Urticaria
Stinging
Contact dermatitis

Question 21

What is head lice?

Answer 21

Infects areas with hair.

Lays eggs and leaves debris called nits.

Question 22

How is head lice transmitted?

Answer 22

By infected clothing or personal contact.

Question 23

How do you treat head lice?

Answer 23

Pediculicides (kill lice)

Question 24

What is the treatment of choice for scabies and lice?

Answer 24

Permethrin (Nix)

Lindane (Kwell, Scabene) is used only after other treatments fail.

Question 25

What is Lindane (Kwell)?

Answer 25

Both a scabicide and pediculicide.

Question 26

What are the adverse effects of Kwell?

Answer 26

Central nervous system toxicity (dizziness, seizures, deaths) Eczematous skin rash

Question 27

What is acne?

Answer 27

Most common skin disorder. | Inflammation of the pilosebacous follicles.

Question 28

What is the treatment for acne?

Answer 28

Retin-A and others

Question 29

What is Retin-A?

Answer 29

- Derivative of vitamin A | - Used to treat acne.

Question 30

What are the adverse effects of Retin-A?

Answer 30

Local inflammatory reactions: Excessively red and edematous blisters Crusted skin Temporary alterations in skin pigmentation Severe sunburn can occur (use sunscreen)

Question 31

What is discoid lupus erythematous?

Answer 31

A. Limited to the skin but can progress to SLE | B. Altered immune response to an unknown antigen or to UV rays.

Question 32

Describe Lupus Erythematous Symptomss

Answer 32

A. Lesions are located on light-exposed area s on the skin (face is most common - butterfly pattern) B. Lesions persist for months and then resolves spontaneously or atrophy: hyperpigmented scarring and atrophy causes depressed scar.

Question 33

What are contraindications with the use of betadine skin prep?

Answer 33

Shellfish allergy

Question 34

Betadine Skin Prep

Answer 34

a. Most widely used b. Kills bacteria, fungi and viruses c. Assess for allergies.

Question 35

Betadine skin prep is associated with

Answer 35

Associated with surgery, burns, minor cuts and scrapes and for relief of minor vaginal infections

Question 36

What are the stages of cancer?

Answer 36

a. Stage I: No metastasis b. Stage II: Local Invasion c. Stage III: Spread to regional structures. d. Stage IV: Distant metastasis.

Question 37

How is cancer treated?

Answer 37

A. Chemotherapy B. Surgery C. Radiation

Question 38

Cancer Treatment: Chemotherapy

Answer 38

I. Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells. II. Usually given in combination designed to attack a cancer from different weaknesses at the same time.

Question 39

Cancer Treatment: Surgery is used for

Answer 39

i. Prevention of cancer (colon polyps) ii. Biopsy for diagnosis and staging iii. Lymph node sampling iv. Palliative surgery

Question 40

Goals of Radiation therapy

Answer 40

Eradicate cancer without excessive toxicity and avoid damage to normal structures.

Question 41

Ionizing Radiation

Answer 41

Damages the cancer cell’s DNA

Question 42

What are the types of chemotherapy?

Answer 42

Induction chemotherapy | Neoadjuvant Therapy

Question 43

Induction chemotherapy

Answer 43

For shrinkage or disappearance of tumors.

Question 44

Neoadjuvant therapy

Answer 44

Given before localized treatment to shrink tumor

Question 45

Define Chemotherapy

Answer 45

a. Pharmacological treatment of cancer b. Antineoplastic drugs C. Narrow therapeutic index

Question 46

Chemotherapy is divided into two groups based on where in the cellular life cycle they are:

Answer 46

1. Cell Cycle Specific Drugs | 2. Cell Cycle Non-specific Drugs

Question 47

Chemotherapy is harmful to

Answer 47

All rapidly growing cells including | Cancer cells and healthy, normal human cells.

Question 48

What normal human cells can be harmed during chemotherapy?

Answer 48

Hair follicles GI tract cells Bone marrow cells

Question 49

Define “nadir”

Answer 49

The lowest level of WBCs in the blood following chemotherapy (or radiation) treatment.

Question 50

What is the purpose of adjuvant chemotherapy?

Answer 50

Eliminates micrometastasis after surgery

Question 51

What are the antineoplastic drugs?

Answer 51

..

Question 52

How do antineoplastic drugs work?

Answer 52

.

Question 53

Cell Cycle Specific Drugs

Answer 53

Cytotoxic during a specific cell-cycle phase

Question 54

Cell Cycle Non-Specific Drugs

Answer 54

Cytotoxic during any cell-cycle Stage

Question 55

What are the adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs?

Answer 55

A. Dose limiting adverse effects: GI tract (N/V, diarrhea, mucositis) and bone marrow toxicity. B. Alopecia (hair loss) C. Myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression) D. Extravasation (unintended leakage of drug into the surrounding tissues outside of the IV line) E. Emetic potential F. Nadir

Question 56

What are the nursing implications for antineoplastic drugs?

Answer 56

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Question 57

What is Methotrexate?

Answer 57

- Antineoplastic drug | - Also has immunosuppressive activity (inhibits lymphocyte multiplication)

Question 58

How does methotrexate work?

Answer 58

Blocks DNA synthesis -> prevents growth of rapidly dividing cells -> prevents fast turnover

Question 59

What are the adverse effects of methotrexate?

Answer 59

BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION

Question 60

What are the nursing implications for Methotrexate?

Answer 60

..

Question 61

What are the risk factors for skin cancer?

Answer 61

..

Question 62

Retin-A: MOA

Answer 62

- Acts as an irritant to the skin, in particular the follicular epithelium. - Stimulates turnover of epidermal cells, which results in skin peeling. - This decreases free fatty acid levels of the skin and horny cells of the outer epidermis cannot then adhere to one another. - Without fatty acids and horny cells, acne cannot exist.