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NURS 320 > Quiz #3: Study Guide (Exam #3 Part 1) > Flashcards

Quiz #3: Study Guide (Exam #3 Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Multiple aggregate blustery type lesion.

Runs along nerve tract. Dermatome.

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2
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives

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3
Q

What causes urticaria?

A

Type I hypersensitivity reactions to allergens.

Immediate and occurs within seconds to minutes.

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4
Q

Urticaria: Pathophysiology

A

Histamine release -> vessels dilate -> cells contract -> leakage of fluid into the interstitial region -> itching, redness, pleuritis and pain

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5
Q

Folliculitis

A

Bacterial infection of hair follicles

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6
Q

Furuncles

A

Inflammation of hair follicle.

May develop after folliculitis.

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7
Q

Carbuncles

A

Collection of infected hair follicles.

Painful, swollen mass; abscess may develop.

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8
Q

Carbuncles other symptoms that may occur include

A

Fever, chills and malaise

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9
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of the dermis and SQ tissue

Occurs as extension of skin wound, furuncles or carbuncles.

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10
Q

Cellulitis is also associated with

A

Chronic venous insufficiency and/or stasis dermatitis

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11
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial lesion of the skin.

Most common in children.

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12
Q

What are the common drugs used to treat bacterial skin infections?

A

i. Bacitracin
ii. Polymyxin
iii. Neomycin
iv. Penicillin antibiotic

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13
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

Fungal infection of the scalp

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14
Q

How do you treat fungal infections?

A

Topic or systemic anti-fungal drugs

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15
Q

What are some of the antifungal drugs?

A
  1. Clotrimazole (lotrimin)

2. Miconazole (Monistat)

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16
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

Fungal infection caused by Candida albicans.

Normally found on the skin, in the GI tract and in the vagina.

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17
Q

Candida albicans can change from

A

A commensalism organism to a pathogen

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18
Q

What drug is used to treat candidiasis?

A

Miconazole (Monistat)

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19
Q

What is Monistat?

A

A topical antifungal drug.

Inhibits the growth of several fungi including dermatophytes and yeast as well as gram positive bacteria.

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20
Q

What are the adverse effects of monistat?

A 
Vulvovaginal burning and itching
Pelvic cramps
Rash
Urticaria
Stinging
Contact dermatitis
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21
Q

What is head lice?

A

Infects areas with hair.

Lays eggs and leaves debris called nits.

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22
Q

How is head lice transmitted?

A

By infected clothing or personal contact.

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23
Q

How do you treat head lice?

A

Pediculicides (kill lice)

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24
Q

What is the treatment of choice for scabies and lice?

A

Permethrin (Nix)

Lindane (Kwell, Scabene) is used only after other treatments fail.

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25
Q

What is Lindane (Kwell)?

A

Both a scabicide and pediculicide.

26
Q

What are the adverse effects of Kwell?

A

Central nervous system toxicity (dizziness, seizures, deaths)
Eczematous skin rash

27
Q

What is acne?

A

Most common skin disorder.

Inflammation of the pilosebacous follicles.

28
Q

What is the treatment for acne?

A

Retin-A and others

29
Q

What is Retin-A?

A
  • Derivative of vitamin A

- Used to treat acne.

30
Q

What are the adverse effects of Retin-A?

A

Local inflammatory reactions: Excessively red and edematous blisters
Crusted skin
Temporary alterations in skin pigmentation
Severe sunburn can occur (use sunscreen)

31
Q

What is discoid lupus erythematous?

A

A. Limited to the skin but can progress to SLE

B. Altered immune response to an unknown antigen or to UV rays.

32
Q

Describe Lupus Erythematous Symptomss

A

A. Lesions are located on light-exposed area s on the skin (face is most common - butterfly pattern)
B. Lesions persist for months and then resolves spontaneously or atrophy: hyperpigmented scarring and atrophy causes depressed scar.

33
Q

What are contraindications with the use of betadine skin prep?

A

Shellfish allergy

34
Q

Betadine Skin Prep

A

a. Most widely used
b. Kills bacteria, fungi and viruses
c. Assess for allergies.

35
Q

Betadine skin prep is associated with

A

Associated with surgery, burns, minor cuts and scrapes and for relief of minor vaginal infections

36
Q

What are the stages of cancer?

A

a. Stage I: No metastasis
b. Stage II: Local Invasion
c. Stage III: Spread to regional structures.
d. Stage IV: Distant metastasis.

37
Q

How is cancer treated?

A

A. Chemotherapy
B. Surgery
C. Radiation

38
Q

Cancer Treatment: Chemotherapy

A

I. Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells.
II. Usually given in combination designed to attack a cancer from different weaknesses at the same time.

39
Q

Cancer Treatment: Surgery is used for

A

i. Prevention of cancer (colon polyps)
ii. Biopsy for diagnosis and staging
iii. Lymph node sampling
iv. Palliative surgery

40
Q

Goals of Radiation therapy

A

Eradicate cancer without excessive toxicity and avoid damage to normal structures.

41
Q

Ionizing Radiation

A

Damages the cancer cell’s DNA

42
Q

What are the types of chemotherapy?

A

Induction chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant Therapy

43
Q

Induction chemotherapy

A

For shrinkage or disappearance of tumors.

44
Q

Neoadjuvant therapy

A

Given before localized treatment to shrink tumor

45
Q

Define Chemotherapy

A

a. Pharmacological treatment of cancer
b. Antineoplastic drugs
C. Narrow therapeutic index

46
Q

Chemotherapy is divided into two groups based on where in the cellular life cycle they are:

A
  1. Cell Cycle Specific Drugs

2. Cell Cycle Non-specific Drugs

47
Q

Chemotherapy is harmful to

A

All rapidly growing cells including

Cancer cells and healthy, normal human cells.

48
Q

What normal human cells can be harmed during chemotherapy?

A

Hair follicles
GI tract cells
Bone marrow cells

49
Q

Define “nadir”

A

The lowest level of WBCs in the blood following chemotherapy (or radiation) treatment.

50
Q

What is the purpose of adjuvant chemotherapy?

A

Eliminates micrometastasis after surgery

51
Q

What are the antineoplastic drugs?

A

..

52
Q

How do antineoplastic drugs work?

A

.

53
Q

Cell Cycle Specific Drugs

A

Cytotoxic during a specific cell-cycle phase

54
Q

Cell Cycle Non-Specific Drugs

A

Cytotoxic during any cell-cycle Stage

55
Q

What are the adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs?

A

A. Dose limiting adverse effects: GI tract (N/V, diarrhea, mucositis) and bone marrow toxicity.
B. Alopecia (hair loss)
C. Myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression)
D. Extravasation (unintended leakage of drug into the surrounding tissues outside of the IV line)
E. Emetic potential
F. Nadir

56
Q

What are the nursing implications for antineoplastic drugs?

A

..

57
Q

What is Methotrexate?

A
  • Antineoplastic drug

- Also has immunosuppressive activity (inhibits lymphocyte multiplication)

58
Q

How does methotrexate work?

A

Blocks DNA synthesis -> prevents growth of rapidly dividing cells -> prevents fast turnover

59
Q

What are the adverse effects of methotrexate?

A

BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION

60
Q

What are the nursing implications for Methotrexate?

A

..

61
Q

What are the risk factors for skin cancer?

A

..

62
Q

Retin-A: MOA

A
  • Acts as an irritant to the skin, in particular the follicular epithelium.
  • Stimulates turnover of epidermal cells, which results in skin peeling.
  • This decreases free fatty acid levels of the skin and horny cells of the outer epidermis cannot then adhere to one another.
  • Without fatty acids and horny cells, acne cannot exist.

NURS 320 (28 decks)

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