Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 320 > Exam 1: Overview of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Exam 1: Overview of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A
  • receives and processes information; initiates action

- includes brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Transmits signals between the CNS and rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Motor neurons

A

carry signals from CNS which controls the activities of muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensory neurons

A

carry signals to the CNS from sensory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

voluntary control over skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Autonomic nervous system is divided into two divisions, what are they?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

involuntary control over smooth muscle, organs and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sympathetic Division

A
  • prepares the body for stressful or energetic activity; for an immediate response to a potential threat
  • “fight or flight” response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Sympathetic Division contains what kinds of receptors?

A

adrenergic receptors - alpha and beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Parasympathetic Division contains what kinds of receptors?

A

cholinergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A
  • Activated under non-stressful conditions and directs maintenance activities.
  • “Rest and Digest” response
  • Digestive processes promoted while heart rate and blood pressure declines.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sympathetic responses are innervated by what nerves?

A

spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parasympathetic responses are innervated by what nerves?

A

cranial and sacral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neurons

A

primary cells of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Actions of the neuron

A

detects environmental changes and initiates body responses to maintain a steady state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The autonomic nervous system is composed of 2 neuron systems:

A
  1. pre-ganglionic neuron

2. post-ganglionic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pre-ganglionic neuron

A

cell body is in the brain or spinal cord

carries impulses exiting the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Post-ganglionic neuron

A
  • lies entirely outside the CNS and within the PNS

- directly innervates the target organ waiting to receive an impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cholinergic neurons

A

releases acetylcholine (all pre-ganglionic neurons, select sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons and all parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons)

20
Q

Cholinergic receptors

A

on the postsynaptic membrane that binds acetylcholine

21
Q

Two types of cholinergic receptors

A
  1. nicotinic receptor

2. muscarinic receptor

22
Q

Nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors are found in

A

both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

23
Q

Nicotinic Receptor

A
  • present in skeletal muscle

- drugs that affect these receptors can produce tachycardia, hypertension and increased tone/motility in digestive tract

24
Q

Muscarinic Receptor

A
  • stimulates smooth muscle and gland secretion

- drugs affecting these receptors can produce decreased heart rate/force of contraction

25
Q

Adrenergic neurons

A

releases norepinephrine (mostly found in sympathetic nervous system released by post-ganglionic fibers)

26
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

binds norepinephrine and epinephrine

27
Q

Types of Adrenergic Receptors

A
  1. Alpha 1
  2. Alpha 2
  3. Beta 1
  4. Beta 2
28
Q

Alpha 1 Receptors treat

A

nasal congestion and hypotension

29
Q

Alpha 1 Receptors control

A
  • smooth muscle of blood vessels (excitation; vasoconstriction)
  • radial muscles of eye (dilation of pupil)
  • sphincter muscles of stomach and urinary bladder (closing)
  • salivary gland cells (decreased salivation)
  • sweat glands on palms and soles (increased sweating)
30
Q

Alpha 2 Receptors

A

inhibits the release of norepinephrine

treatment of hypertension

31
Q

Alpha 2 Receptors control

A
  • smooth muscle in some blood vessels (inhibition;vasodilation)
  • beta cells in pancreatic islets (decrease insulin secretion)
  • pancreatic acinar cells (inhibition of digestive enzyme secretion)
  • blood platelets (aggregation or cluster)
32
Q

Beta 1 Receptors

A

increased heart rate and force contraction; release of renin

treatment of cardiac arrest, CHF, shock

33
Q

Beta 1 Receptors control

A
  • cardiac muscle (excitation; increased force and rate of contraction)
  • posterior pituitary (secretion of antidiuretic hormones)
  • adipose cells (breakdown of triglycerides)
34
Q

Beta 2 Receptors

A
  • inhibition of smooth muscle

- treatment of asthma and premature labor contractions

35
Q

Beta 2 Receptors control

A
  • smooth muscle in airways (relaxation; bronchodilation)
  • blood vessels (relaxation; vasodilation)
  • walls of internal organs (relaxation)
  • ciliary muscles (inhibition; relaxation)
  • hepatocytes (glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen)
36
Q

Sympathetic Pre-ganglionic fibers

A

cholinergic receptors (acetylcholine)

37
Q

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic fibers

A

adrenergic receptors (norepinephrine)

38
Q

Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic fibers

A

cholinergic receptors (acetylcholine)

39
Q

What are the four types of autonomic drugs?

A
  1. sympathomimetics
  2. adrenergic antagonists
  3. parasympathomimetics
  4. anti-cholinergics
40
Q

Sympathomimetics

A
  • adrenergic agent
  • stimulation of SNS - produces symptoms of “fight or flight” response
  • treats shock and hypotension
41
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists

A
  • adrenergic-blocking agents
  • inhibition of the SNS -produces symptoms of “rest and digest” response
  • treats hypertension
42
Q

Parasympathomimetics

A
  • cholinergic agents

- stimulates the PNS - produces symptoms of “rest and digest” response

43
Q

Parasympathomimetics treat

A

glaucoma (reduce IOP) and stimulatory effects on smooth muscle of the bowel or urinary tract.

44
Q

Anti-cholinergics

A
  • cholinergic blocking agents

- inhibits PNS - induces “fight or flight” response

45
Q

Anti-cholinergic drugs treat

A

GI disorders (decrease secretion of acid in PUD, reduce cramping and diarrhea in IBS), bradycardia (accelerate heart rate) and asthma(dilate the bronchi)

46
Q

Check slides 20-23 for drugs

A

not sure if supposed to memorize?

NURS 320 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions