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NURS 320 > Exam 3: Skin Disorders And Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 3: Skin Disorders And Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Skin

A

Largest organ of the body

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2
Q

Functions of the Skin include

A 
Protection
Sensation
Temperature regulation
Excretion
Absorption
Metabolism
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3
Q

What is the normal surface pH of skin?

A

4.5-5.5

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4
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of the skin.
5% thickness.
5 Layers

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5
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Outermost, strongest layer of the skin

Large amounts of keratin.

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6
Q

The function of the stratum corneum layer is

A

To form a barrier that repels bacteria and foreign matter.

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7
Q

The stratum corneum is thickest in what areas of the body?

A

Thickest in high stress areas - soles and palms

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8
Q

Stratum Basale Layer

A

Deepest layer.

Supplies new cells to epidermis.

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9
Q

The middles layers of the epidermis from innermost to outermost include

A

Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum

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10
Q

In what layers of the skin are melanocytes found?

A

In the deeper layers

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11
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

Helps protect the skin from ultraviolet rays.

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12
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer; 95% thickness

Foundation for hair and nails.

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13
Q

What is located in the dermis of the skin?

A

Nerve endings
Oil glands
Sweat glands
Blood vessels

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14
Q

Subcutaneous Layer

A

Third layer; composed of adipose tissue

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15
Q

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?

A

Cushions
Insulates
Provides a source of energy

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16
Q

The subcutaneous layer is not considered when

A

Measuring skin layers.

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17
Q

Skin cells are supplied by

A

Stratum basale (deepest epidermal layer)

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18
Q

New cells migrate

A

Up through layers and are flattened and covered with water-insoluble material

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19
Q

How long does it take new skin cells to reach the skin surface?

A

Three weeks

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20
Q

Pigment of the skin is determined by

A

The amount of melanin.

Protects the skin from UV in sunlight.

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21
Q

Classification of causes of skin disorders

A
  • Infectious
  • Inflammatory
  • Neoplastic
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22
Q

Dermatological Signs and Symptoms may be reflective of

A

disease process occurring elsewhere in the body. (Skin abnormalities indicates potential systemic causes)

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23
Q

Bacterial Skin Infections occur when

A

There is a break in the skin’s defenses.

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24
Q

Two most common bacterial skin infections include

A

Staphylococcus and streptococcus

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25
Q

Bacterial skin infections: Treatment

A
  • Many are mild and self-limiting - treated with topical antibiotics.
  • Serious skin infections are deep or systemic - require oral or Parenteral antibiotics.
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26
Q

Types of Bacterial Skin Infections include

A 
Folliculitis
Furuncles
Carbuncles
Cellulitis
Erysipelas
Impetigo
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27
Q

Folliculitis

A

Infection of the hair follicle

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28
Q

Furuncles

A

Inflammation of hair follicle.

Ma develop after folliculitis.

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29
Q

Carbuncles

A

Collection of infected hair follicles.

Painful, swollen mass; abscess may develop.

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30
Q

S&S of Carbuncles

A

Fever
Chills
Malaise

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31
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial lesion of the skin.

More common in children.

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32
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of the dermis and Sub Q tissue.

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33
Q

Cellulitis occurs as

A

Occurs as an extension of skin wound or furuncles or carbuncles.
Also associated with chronic venous insufficiency and/or stasis dermatitis.

34
Q

What are the most common Antimicrobial drugs used to treat skin infections?

A

Bacitracin
Polymyxin
Neomycin
Penicillin antibiotic

35
Q

Common procedure for bacterial infections

A

Incision and drainage

36
Q

Acne

A

Most common skin disorder.

Inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicles.

37
Q

What are potential causes of acne?

A
  • Hereditary
  • Stress
  • Drug reactions
  • Hormones - Androgens increase in puberty
  • Bacterial infections (Staph and Propionibacterium acnes)
  • Diet high in simple carbs and dairy
38
Q

Acne can cause

A
  • Hyperkeratinization of follicular epithelium
  • Excessive sebum production
  • Follicular proliferation of anaerobic p-acnes
  • Accumulation of debris and bacteria (causing follicle rupture)
39
Q

What is the pathophysiology of non-inflammatory acne?

A

Comedones are open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads)

40
Q

Pathophysiology of inflammatory acne?

A

Develops in closed comedone when follicular wall ruptures, expelling sebum into dermis and initiating inflammation.

41
Q

Pustules form when

A

It is close to the surface.

42
Q

Papuans and cystic nodules form when it is

A

Deeper.

Can caused mild to severe scarring.

43
Q

Anti-acne drugs include

A
  • Benzoyl peroxide
  • Clindamycin, Erythromycin or tetracycline
  • Isotretinoin
  • Vitamin A
  • Birth Control Pills
44
Q

Preferred treatment for acne is

A

A combination of topical retinoid, benzoyl perozide, and Antimicrobial agent.

45
Q

Benzoyl peroxide

A

Keratolytic effects

46
Q

Clinamycin, Erythromycin or Tetracycline

A

Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial effects

47
Q

Isotretinoin

A

Pregnancy prevention contract

48
Q

Vitamin A (Retinoic Acid)

A

Anti-comedogenic and comedolytic

Anti-inflammatory effects

49
Q

Acne Rosacea

A

Chronic inflammation of the skin that develops in middle-aged adults

50
Q

Acne Rosacea is triggered by

A

Altered innate immune response (sun exposure damage, drinking alcohol or hot beverages, hormonal)

51
Q

Acne Rosacea: Lesions occur in

A

Middle third of the face (forehead, nose, cheeks and chin)

52
Q

What types of lesions occur with acne rosacea?

A

Erythema
Papules
Pustules
Telangiectasia

53
Q

Lesion of Acnea Rosacea are associated with

A

Chronic, vasodilation resulting in flushing and sun sensitivity.

54
Q

Acne Rosacea may be severe enough to cause

A

Bulbous appearance of the nose.

55
Q

Treatments for Acne Rosacea include

A

Photoprotection
Avoidance of triggers
Topical (metronidazole, azelaic acid) and oral drugs (tetracycline or doxycycline)
Possible surgical excision

56
Q

Fungal skin infections

A

Occur in warm, moist areas on the skin.

57
Q

What are the types of fungal infections?

A 
Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
Tinea corporis (ringworm)
Tinea cruris (groin, jock itch)
Tinea capitis (scalp)
Tinea unguium (nails) - Treated with topical antifungals
58
Q

Fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes of immunocomprised patients are

A

Serious and require oral or Parenteral antifungals

59
Q

Fungi causes superficial skin infections called

A

Dermatophytes

60
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Thrive on keratin.
Termed tinea
Classified according to their locations not he body.

61
Q

Treatment for fungal infections

A

Topical and systemic antifungals medications (fluconazole or diflucan)

62
Q

Candidiasis

A

Caused by Candida albicans.

Normally found on the skin, in the GI tract and in the vagina.

63
Q

C. Albicans can change from

A

A commensalism organism to a pathogen

64
Q

Treatment for candidiasis include

A

Topical and systemic antifungal agents

65
Q

Yeastlike fungus

A

Found on mucous membranes on the skin, in the GI tract and vagina

66
Q

Predisposing Factors for Candidiasis

A 
Moisture, warmth, maceration or occlusion
Systemic administration of antibiotics
Pregnancy
DM
Cushing disease
Debilitated states
Infants younger than 6 months of age (decreased immune activity)
Immunosuppressed person
Neoplastic disease
67
Q

Treatment for candidiasis

A

Topical antifungal agents

68
Q

Common antifungal drugs

A

Clotrimazole

Miconazole

69
Q

Viral Skin Infections: Childhood infections

A

Varicella
Rubeola (measles)
Rubella (German measles)

70
Q

Viral Skin Infections: Adult infection

A 
Herpes simplex (cold sores and genital lesions) 
Herpes zoster (shingles)
71
Q

Common skin parasites include

A

Mites

Lice

72
Q

Mites can cause

A

Scabies

73
Q

Mites

A

Female burrows into skin and lays eggs
Causes intense itching
Spread by contact with upholstery and linens.

74
Q

Mites: Common areas of infection

A 
Fingers
Extremities
Trunk
Axillary
Gluteal folds
Pubic area
75
Q

Lice

A

Infests areas with hair.

Lays eggs and leaves debris call nits.

76
Q

How is lice transmitted?

A

Infected clothing or personal contact.

77
Q

Scabicides

A

Kill mites

78
Q

Pediculicides

A

Kill lice

79
Q

Treatment of choice for lice and scabies is

A

Permethrin (Nix)

80
Q

Stopped on slide 33

A

..

NURS 320 (28 decks)

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