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Bio Eng Quiz 2 and 3 > Quiz 3 - Pt. 4 (Sterilization) > Flashcards

Quiz 3 - Pt. 4 (Sterilization) Flashcards

1
Q

High temperature, short exposure time

A

Continuous Sterilization

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2
Q

Disrupts cell membrane. Mostly used at the laboratory scale.

A

Ultrasound

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3
Q

Extrude cell paste at high pressure

A

Pressing

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4
Q

Grind cells with glass, metal beads

A

Bead beating

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5
Q

_____ is a problem with all of these methods.

A

Heat dissipation

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6
Q

Salt differences to cause the membrane to rupture. Common.

A

Osmotic shock

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7
Q

Causes cell membrane to rupture. Common.

A

Freeze-thaw

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8
Q

Lysozyme attacks the cell wall.

A

Enzymatic

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9
Q

_______
• Separate inhibitory fermentation products from broth.
• Based on _____ for the compound of between the phases.
• Distribution coefficient: K_D = Y_L/X_N
• Y_L = concentration in the ____
• X_N = concentration in the ____

A

Liquid-Liquid Extraction
• solubility difference
• light phase
• heavy phase

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10
Q

New Product Candidate
⬇️
_____ - evaluation of product opportunities
⬇️
_____ - setting development objectives, preparation of budget
⬇️
Market Entry
⬇️
Commercial Products

A

Feasibility
Development Stage

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11
Q

• Salting out inorganic salts (NH4)2SO4 at high ionic strength
• Solubility _____ at low temperature (less than -5°C) by adding ______

A

Precipitation
• reduction ; organic solvents

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12
Q

• Removal of solutes from aqueous phase to solid phase.

A

Adsorption

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13
Q

_______ is based on adsorption.

A

Chromatography

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14
Q
  • Membrane separation used to remove low molecular weight solutes.
  • Used to remove salts from ________.
  • Transport occurs due to a ________ driving force.
A

Dialysis
- protein solutions
- concentration gradient

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15
Q

____________
- _______: Transport of water molecules from high to a low concentration pure water to salt water.
- In here, _____ is applied to salt phase causing water move against a ________.
- Salt phase becomes more ________.

A

Reverse Osmosis (RO)
- Osmosis
- pressure ; concentration gradient.
- concentrated

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16
Q

Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration
- Pressure driven molecular sieve to separate _______ of _______.
- ____________: retained components accumulate on the filter. _______ formed on the filter.
- ___________: retained components flow tangentially across the filter.

A
  • molecules of different size
  • Dead end filtration
  • Cross flow filtration
17
Q

_____ filtration —–> bacteria, particulates, colloids
_____ filtration ——> viruses, proteins/enzymes, polysaccharides
_____ filtration —–> pyrogen, sugars, amino acids
Reverse osmosis ——> salts
(i2 ay nasa figure pls intindihin n’yo nalang)

A
  • Micro-filtration
  • Ultra-filtration
  • Nano-filtration
18
Q
  • Separates mixtures into components by passing the mixture through a bed of absorbent particles.
  • Solutes travels at _____ through the column resulting in the _____ of the solutes.
A

Chromatography
- different speeds; separation

19
Q
  • High specific interaction between a ligand on the particles and components in the mixture.
  • Often based on _______.
A

Affinity Chromatography
- antibodies

20
Q

Separation of molecules based on size and charge in an electric field.

A

Electrophoresis

21
Q

Membrane separation to separate charged molecules from a solution.

A

Electrodialysis

22
Q

Separation of Soluble Products

LAPADRUCCEE

A
  • Liquid-liquid extraction
  • Aqueous two phase extraction
  • Precipitation
  • Adsorption
  • Dialysis
  • Reverse Osmosis
  • Ultrafiltration and microfiltration
  • Cross-flow filtration and microfiltration
  • Chromatography
  • Electrophoresis
  • Electrodialysis
23
Q

General Approach
1. ______ of insoluble products or components.
2. ________ or concentration and removal of water.
3. ______ and removal of contaminated chemicals.
4. _____ preparation.

A
  1. Separation
  2. Primary isolation
  3. Purification
  4. Product
24
Q

Figure: Major steps involved in the separation and purification of intracellular enzymes.

A

Fermentation
↓
Cell Removal and Concentration
↓
Cell disruption
↓
Removal of Cell Debris
↓
Protein precipitation or aqueous two phase extraction
↓
Ultrafiltration
↓
Chromatographic purification
↓
Solvent precipitation
↓
Dialysis
↓
Lyophilization

25
Q

Factors that impact difficulty and cost of recovery
- Product can be biomass, _____ or ______ component.
- Fragile or ______.
- Concentration or titer in the ____.
- Typically _____and ______is more than 50% of total manufacturing costs.

A
  • intracellular or extracellular
  • heat sensitive
  • recovery and purification
26
Q

Insoluble Products or Components

FCCF

A
  • Filtration
  • Centrifugation
  • Coagulation and Flocculation
27
Q
  • Most cost-effective, most common in industrial biotechnology.
A

Filtration

28
Q
  • _______ filters: traditional. Penicillin mold.
  • Cross flow ultrafiltration: ___ - ____ um _____ separations.
  • _____________: 0.2-2 um for yeast
A
  • Rotary vacuum precoat
  • 0.02-0.2; bacterial
  • Cross flow microporous filtration
29
Q
  • Used to separate solids of solids of size 0.1 um to 100 um using centrifugal forces.
  • Being replaced by ______.
A

Centrifugation

30
Q
  • Pretreatment to centrifugation, gravity settling or filtration to improve separation.
  • Used wastewater treatment processes to improve clarification.
A

Coagulation and Flocculation

31
Q

Formation of small flocs of cells using coagulating agents, electrolytes.

A

Coagulation

32
Q

formation of agglomeration of flocs into settleable particles using flocculating agents, polyelectrolytes or CaCl2.

A

Flocculation

33
Q

Cell Disruption - Intracellular Products
* Mechanical Methods
SBP
* Non-mechanical methods
OFE

A
  • Mechanical Methods
  • Sonication
  • Bead beating
  • Pressing
  • Non-mechanical methods
  • Osmotic shock
  • Freeze-thaw
  • Enzymatic

Bio Eng Quiz 2 and 3 (9 decks)

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