Quiz 3 - Pt. 2 (Solid state fermentation)

Question 1

• fermentations of solid materials
• low moisture levels
• smaller reactor volume
• low contamination and easy product separation

Answer 1

Solid-state Fermentations

Question 2

feed flows through a column packed with immobilized cells

Answer 2

Packed column

Question 3

feed flows up through a bed of immobilized cells, fluidizing the immobilized cell particles

Answer 3

Fluidized bed

Question 4

air bubbles suspend the immobilized cell particles in a reactor

Answer 4

Airlift

Question 5

• multilayer growth of cells on solid support
• common in waste water treatment

Answer 5

Biological films

Question 6

widely used for enzymes but not for cells

Answer 6

Covalent binding

Question 7

there is direct contact between nutrient and support materials; high cell loading

Answer 7

Physical adsorption

Question 8

• animal cell culture
• cell retention and selective removal of dead cells
• removal of cell debris and inhibitory by-products
• high medium use, costs raw materials and sterilization

Answer 8

Perfusion culture

Question 8

________ provide cofactors, reducing power, energy that many enzymatic reactions require

Answer 8

Whole cells

Question 9

selection of suitable support materials is highly based on ______ and _________

Answer 9

adsorption capacity; strength of binding

Question 10

methods of preparing polymer beads

Answer 10

1) Gelation of polymers
2) Precipitation of polymers
3) Ion exchange gelation
4) Polycondensation
5) Polymerization

Question 11

most widely used method of cell entrapment

Answer 11

Physical entrapment

Question 12

similar to enzyme immobilization; entrapment and binding

Answer 12

Active immobilization

Question 13

uses biofilm

Answer 13

Passive immobilization

Question 14

multi-layer growth on solid surfaces

Answer 14

Biofilm

Question 15

• high cell concentrations
• eliminates cell washout at high dilution rates
• high volumetric productivities

Answer 15

Immobilized cell system

Question 16

taken through many feeding cycles, with each feeding cycle followed by a harvest cycle during which the volume is drawn back down to V0 and the cycle begins again

Answer 16

Repeated fed-batch

Question 17

are started as batch cultures and grown to an initial cell concentration X

Answer 17

Fed-batch cultures

Question 18

-gain some advantages of a CSTR, retain some disadvantages of batch
- reduces substrate inhibition or catabolic repression

Answer 18

Fed-batch reactors

Question 19

________ is fed with a non-inducing growth substrate, allowing te recombinant strain to be produced

Answer 19

Chemostat

Question 20

the _______ from the first chemostat feeds a second chemostat that is fed inducer, and the product is produced.

Answer 20

Effluent

Question 21

________ and wild type grow at the same rate if the recombinant product is not expressed

Answer 21

Recombinant strain

Question 22

if the recombinant product is expressed, the recombinant strain grows much ________

Answer 22

Slower

Question 23

are continually added to the second chemostat not allowing take-over by a fast growing mutant

Answer 23

New recombinant cells

Question 24

chemostats cannot be operated if ______

Answer 24

Umax < D

Question 25

What is desired if we have a high volume of feed with a low concentration of substrate?

Answer 25

High dilution rate

Question 26

• is more mechanically reliable and more flexible
• equations were for cell mass

Answer 26

Batch reactor

Question 27

maintaining the organism with the desired characteristics

Answer 27

Genetic stability

Question 28

maintaining a sterile system

Answer 28

Operability

Question 29

validating the process; initially, many process batch is too expensive to revalidate after clinical trials

Answer 29

Regulatory