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Bio Eng Quiz 2 > How Cells Work (Central Dogma) pt. 1a > Flashcards

How Cells Work (Central Dogma) pt. 1a Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ability to coordinate a wide variety of chemical reactions that makes a cell “a cell”

  • key feature:_________ of information.
  • similar to computers
  • Information storage, processing and transmission.
  • Chemical Signals
A

Metabolic Regulation

  • key feature: flow and control of information
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2
Q

information flow and control.

A

Molecular Biology

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3
Q

Metabolic Regulation Analogy

  • Storage
  • copy
  • playback
A
  • DNA
  • Replication
  • Transcription, Translation
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4
Q

Central dogma of molecular biology

A

replication (DNA),
transcription (RNA),
translation (PROTEINS)

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5
Q

______ and _______ happen inside the nucleus

A

Replication and transcription

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6
Q

The mRNA delivers the message to the ______ and produces _______.

A

ribosomes
polypeptides

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7
Q

Important Terms

  • Language of the Cellular DNA
  • Consist only of four letters: _______
  • These letters make 3-letter “words” in a variety of combinations
  • These words when “expressed” represent a particular ______
  • Or a “______” or ______
  • Words put into sequence: _____
  • Sentence: ____
  • Numerous sentences: ______
A
  • A,G,T,C (Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine)
  • amino acid
  • “stop”, or stop synthesis
  • sentence
  • gene
  • book
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8
Q

complete information of an organism’s DNA.

A

Genome

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9
Q

Macromolecular template for each of the 3 steps

  • ______ - level language preservation and expression.
A

Genetic

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10
Q

In DNA Replication:

Double helix structure is important in ________; ________are complementary

A

preservation
strands

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11
Q

In DNA Replication

______ is in the arrangement of the four letters (A,G,T,C).

A

Information

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12
Q

DNA carrying information

A

Parental chromosome

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13
Q

the one that copies the information
from the parent chromosome

A

Daughter chromosome

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14
Q

_______ ends of DNA are important because that
location is where reaction happens.

A

5’ and 3’ carbon

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15
Q

Making New DNA

A

Replication

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16
Q

predetermined site; origin of replication

A

Initiation

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17
Q

Initiator proteins/enzymes break ______between ________ at origin.

A

hydrogen bonds
DNA strands

18
Q

Different cells have different _______ of replication.

A

origins

19
Q

Process of Replication:

The double strand is approached by the ________ and then produce a ________ that unzips the duplex DNA sequences.

After that, ______assists the helicase, reading the _______ inside the DNA molecule. ________ produces RNA

A
  • initiator proteins
  • DNA helicase
  • DNA primase
  • messages
  • DNA polymerase
20
Q

In Replication:

  • ______ strands separate
  • The _______ is formed
  • RNA “_____” added at initiation site to start
    _________.
A

DNA
replication fork
“primer”, DNA synthesis

21
Q

is small piece of RNA that is complimentary to a specific section of DNA and will bind to that section of DNA.

A

“primer”

22
Q

DNA synthesized by enzyme _______.

A

DNA polymerase

23
Q

ricks and unwinds strands to release mechanical stress of unwinding

A

topoisomerase

24
Q

____ unwinds DNA at the replication fork

A

Helicase

25
Q

RNA primase initiates new _______

A

strand synthesis

26
Q

________ bind and stabilize single-stranded DNA at replication fork

A

Single-strand binding proteins (SSB)

27
Q

_______ joins Okazaki fragments on lagging strand

A

DNA ligases

28
Q

______ and _____ read the molecules that the DNA contains, after that they will release new substance (________).

A

Primase and polymerase
new DNA and new RNA

29
Q

_______ of DNA always added to terminal 3’ group

A

Nucleotides

30
Q

“_______” strand synthesized continuously

A

Leading

31
Q

_______ must jump ahead and work backward on lagging strand.

A

DNA polymerase

32
Q

DNA fragments on lagging strand

A

Okazaki Fragments

33
Q

Fragments joined by an enzyme called

A

DNA ligase

34
Q

Replication process is _______. It happens in two directions (mostly but not all).

A

semi-conservative

35
Q

In Transcription:

The primary substances involved are: (3)

A

m-RNA
t-RNA
r-RNA

36
Q

______ is mediated by the enzyme RNA
polymerase

A

RNA synthesis

37
Q

________always read in the 3’ to 5’direction

A

RNA polymerase

38
Q

Transcription: RNA synthesis

Necessary parts of DNA become _______ (separated from the
double helix structure).

One strand is the template for each ____.

A gene will encode for _______.

A

unbound
gene
one protein

39
Q

Transcription: RNA Synthesis

RNA polymerase _____ DNA and synthesizes m-RNA

A

reads

40
Q

RNA polymerase (holoenzyme) consists of two parts:

A

core and
sigma subunit

41
Q

Three transcription sub steps:

A

initiation, elongation, termination

Bio Eng Quiz 2 (4 decks)

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