quiz #3 - practice (wiley) Flashcards
how many sensory modalities can a single sensory neuron have?
one
place the events in order for the process of sensation
1. Stimulation of sensory receptors
2. Generation of nerve impulses
3. Integration of sensory input
4. Transduction of the stimulus
1, 4, 2, 3
________ are sensory receptors located in blood vessels and visceral organs, whose signals are not usually consciously perceived?
interoceptors
________ would detect irritation on the skin if you didn’t wear gloves while cleaning with bleach
nociceptors
after initially detecting the perfume on your partner, over time you would cease to notice it due to…
adaptation
adaptation rate of which receptors is rapid? Select all that apply
a) Tactile corpuscles
b) Nonencapsulated sensory corpuscles
c) Bulbous corpuscles
d) Hair root plexuses
e) Nociceptors
f) Muscle spindles
g) Tendon organs
h) Joint kinesthetic receptors
j) Lamellar corpuscles
a
d
h
j
which receptors fire at the onset and the offset of stimulation? Select all that apply
a) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)
b) Type 1 cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc)
c) Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle
d) Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Ruffini corpuscle)
e) Hair root plexus
f) Joint kinesthetic receptors
g) Tendon organ
a
c
e
f
the _____ contains the cold thermoreceptors and the _____ contains warm thermoreceptors
dermis
stratum basale
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum basale, dermis
which proteins can activate free nerve endings, such as itch receptors and nociceptors? Select all that apply.
a) Kinins
b) Antigens
c) Histamines
d) Potassium ions
e) Prostaglandins
f) Acetylcholine
g) Glucose
a
b
c
what describe proprioception?
-proprioceptive sensations allow us to estimate the weight of certain objects
-proprioceptors are slowly adapting receptors
-proprioceptors are embedded in muscles and tendons
-proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures relative to each other
muscle spindles
detect changes in muscle length, participate in stretch reflexes
which proprioceptors are found in the articular capsules of synovial joints?
kinesthetic receptors
_____carry afferent signals from the sensory receptor to the CNS. _____ carry afferent signals from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. _____carry sensory information from the brainstem or spinal cord to the thalamus
first order neurons
third order neurons
second order neurons
dancers being aware of their body position when they are in the air is…
proprioception
which neuron would pick up an itch sensation?
free nerve endings
Which neuron is modified in a manner that helps enhance the sensitivity of the receptor?
encapsulated nerve endings
Which structure detects a needle puncture or a cut to the skin?
free nerve ending - medium-diameter, myelinated A fibers
Which structure is a multilayer membrane that adapts rapidly to high frequency vibrations?
lamellar corpuscle
Which structure is sensitive to low vibrational frequencies and typically located in areas that lack hair?
tactile corpuscle
Which structure monitors the stretching of skin during a physical therapy session?
bulbous corpuscle
A rapid breeze causes your hairs to shift on your arms and legs. Which sensory receptor is stimulated?
hair root plexus
What do the coloured regions on the body’s surface in the diagram represent?
areas of referred pain
Which type of stimuli is sensed using encapsulated nerve endings?
vibration
detect mechanical stimuli such as touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch
mechanoceptors
detect changes in temperature
thermoreceptors
respond to painful stimuli
nociceptors
detect light
photoreceptors
detect chemicals in the mouth (taste), nose (smell) and body fluids
chemoreceptors
detects osmotic pressure of body fluids
osmoreceptors
Sensory neurons in the muscle spindle are activated during muscle _____. Activation of gamma motor neurons in the muscle spindle cause _____ of intrafusal muscle fibers
muscle stretch
muscle contraction
the integration centers for sensations that are consciously perceived (like vision, smell, taste, and pain) are found in the…
cerebral cortex
_____ are activated by an increase in tendon tension. _____ detect deep pressure and vibration. _____ are activated by low frequency vibrations
tendon organs
lamellated corpuscles
corpuscle of touch
You have a pillow in one hand and are about to pick up your Anatomy and Physiology textbook. What receptor will help determine the muscular effort needed for these two objects?
proprioceptors
You are playing outside in -9° C (15° F). Why do you feel sharp pains in your hands when you grab material?
pain receptors are stimulated by extreme temperatures
The awareness of differences in the external or internal environment is defined as…
sensation
Which of the following would not be considered to be a sensory modality?
a) pain
b) vision
c) equilibrium
d) thought
e) vibration
d) thought
T/F - a generator potential produces action potentials and a receptor potential causes release of neurotransmitters
TRUE
Which of the following does not consist primarily of slowly adapting sensory receptors?
a) body position
b) touch
c) pressure
d) smell
a) body position
Which of the following somatic sensations has an encapsulated nerve ending as its sensory receptor?
a) tickle
b) pain
c) heat or cold
d) pressure
e) itch
d) pressure
T/F - the fingertips, hands, and lips are supplied with both rapidly adapting and slowly adapting touch receptors
TRUE
Which somatic sensory receptor is rapidly adapting and responsible for fine touch?
tactile corpuscle
Which of the following is true when comparing types of pain sensations?
a) C fibers, myelinated, slow pain
b) A fibers, unmyelinated, acute pain
c) C fibers, unmyelinated, chronic pain
d) A fibers, myelinated, slow pain
C fibers, unmyelinated, chronic pain
the best example of referred pain is…
pain felt into the left arm during a heart attack
The anatomical structure responsible for monitoring the change in length of a muscle is called…
muscle spindle
encapsulated sensory receptors include:
receptors for pressure, vibration and some touch
in adaptation, the generator potential or receptor potential decreases in amplitude ________
as the stimulus is maintained & constant
fast pain differs from slow pain in that in fast pain…
nerve impulses are propagated along medium diameter type A fibers
