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NEUROLOGY > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

role of myelin

A

speeds the movement of an action potential down an axon

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2
Q

which structure conducts nerve impulses between two different hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

corpus callosum

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3
Q

functional areas of cerebrum responsible for vision

A

primary visual area

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4
Q

cranial nerve that carries sensory information coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of cerebrum (smell)

A

cranial nerve I (olfactory)

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5
Q

cranial nerves responsible for regulating visceral activity

A

vagus (X)

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6
Q

patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words), this shows that the left brain more often contains…

A

Brocas and Wernicke’s areas

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7
Q

tracts used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere

A

association tracts

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8
Q

the telencephalon differentiates to give rise to…

A

cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

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9
Q

the limbic system is sometimes called the…

A

emotional brain

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10
Q

areas of the cerebrum responsible for conscious movements of the body

A

primary motor area

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11
Q

what provides motor signals and conscious control to skeletal mm

A

the somatic nervous system

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12
Q

what is true of a synapse

A

a synapse is the sight of where two neurons or a neuron and an effector meet

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13
Q

where does saltatory conduction occur

A

along a myelinated axon

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14
Q

during the depolarization phase of the action potential…

A

the membrane potential increases (higher than -70 mV)

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15
Q

neurotransmitters are eliminated from synaptic cleft by…

A

-broken down by enzymes
-diffuse out of cleft
-taken up by the presynaptic cell and removed

*all of the above

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16
Q

sensory information enters the ___, while motor information exits from the ___

A

posterior (dorsal) cord

anterior (ventral) cord

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17
Q

T/F - axons in the corticospinal pathway decussate at pyramids of the medulla

A

TRUE

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18
Q

oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI) nerves: related functions

A

they control muscles that move the eyeballs

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19
Q

structure that protects the spinal cord

A

spinal column

20
Q

dura matter is continuous with the…

A

epineurium of a nerve

21
Q

white matter in the spinal cord is on the ____, while gray matter is on the ____

A

outside

inside

22
Q

the spinal cord ends at the…

A

conus medullaris

23
Q

in a sensory pathway, the neuron that carries info from the thalamus to the cortex is known as the…

A

third-order neuron

24
Q

cranial nerve that conveys impulses for most somatic sensations from the face into the pons

A

trigeminal nerve (V)

25
Q

longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum separates the…

A

two cerebral hemispheres

26
Q

net-like region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to maintain consciousness

A

reticular formation

27
Q

excitatory neurotransmitter

A

epinephrine

28
Q

parts of the brainstem associated with breathing

A

pons and medulla

29
Q

white matter is white because of…

A

lipids in myelin

30
Q

layer of meningeal tissue that is the innermost covering of the spinal cord

A

pia mater

31
Q

example of an indirect motor pathway

A

tectospinal

32
Q

_____carries sensory info from the face to the brain

A

trigeminothalamic

33
Q

____convey nerve impulses from proprioceptors in trunk & lower limb of one side of body to same side of cerebellum

A

anterior & posterior spinocerebellar

34
Q

____carries motor info from the brain to the face

A

corticobulbar

35
Q

____has a gracile fasciculus division and a cuneate fasciculus division

A

dorsal columns medial lemniscus

36
Q

____carries information about pain from the body to the brain

A

spinothalamic

37
Q

which is the only cranial nerve with a dermatome?

A

trigeminal (V)

38
Q

what happens when there is a lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic vesicles?

A

spastic paralysis

39
Q

what cranial nerve supplies motor senses to the tongue and helps with swallowing/speech?

A

hypoglossal

40
Q

Babinski’s sign in an adult is a sign of

A

interruption of corticospinal tract

41
Q

where does the conus medullaris end?

A

L1/L2

42
Q

motor tracts - direct

A

corticospinal (anterior & lateral)
corticobulbar pathway

43
Q

motor tracts - indirect

A

rubrospinal
tectospinal
vestibulospinal
reticulospinal (medial & lateral)

44
Q

what conducts impulses from somatic receptors to the brainstem or spinal cord?

A

first-order neurons

45
Q

what conducts impulses from the brainstem or spinal cord to the thalamus?

A

second-order neurons

NEUROLOGY (9 decks)

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