midterm

Question 1

role of myelin

Answer 1

speeds the movement of an action potential down an axon

Question 2

which structure conducts nerve impulses between two different hemispheres of the cerebrum

Answer 2

corpus callosum

Question 3

functional areas of cerebrum responsible for vision

Answer 3

primary visual area

Question 4

cranial nerve that carries sensory information coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of cerebrum (smell)

Answer 4

cranial nerve I (olfactory)

Question 5

cranial nerves responsible for regulating visceral activity

Answer 5

vagus (X)

Question 6

patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words), this shows that the left brain more often contains…

Answer 6

Brocas and Wernicke’s areas

Question 7

tracts used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere

Answer 7

association tracts

Question 8

the telencephalon differentiates to give rise to…

Answer 8

cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

Question 9

the limbic system is sometimes called the…

Answer 9

emotional brain

Question 10

areas of the cerebrum responsible for conscious movements of the body

Answer 10

primary motor area

Question 11

what provides motor signals and conscious control to skeletal mm

Answer 11

the somatic nervous system

Question 12

what is true of a synapse

Answer 12

a synapse is the sight of where two neurons or a neuron and an effector meet

Question 13

where does saltatory conduction occur

Answer 13

along a myelinated axon

Question 14

during the depolarization phase of the action potential…

Answer 14

the membrane potential increases (higher than -70 mV)

Question 15

neurotransmitters are eliminated from synaptic cleft by…

Answer 15

-broken down by enzymes
-diffuse out of cleft
-taken up by the presynaptic cell and removed

*all of the above

Question 16

sensory information enters the ___, while motor information exits from the ___

Answer 16

posterior (dorsal) cord

anterior (ventral) cord

Question 17

T/F - axons in the corticospinal pathway decussate at pyramids of the medulla

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI) nerves: related functions

Answer 18

they control muscles that move the eyeballs

Question 19

structure that protects the spinal cord

Answer 19

spinal column

Question 20

dura matter is continuous with the…

Answer 20

epineurium of a nerve

Question 21

white matter in the spinal cord is on the ____, while gray matter is on the ____

Answer 21

outside

inside

Question 22

the spinal cord ends at the…

Answer 22

conus medullaris

Question 23

in a sensory pathway, the neuron that carries info from the thalamus to the cortex is known as the…

Answer 23

third-order neuron

Question 24

cranial nerve that conveys impulses for most somatic sensations from the face into the pons

Answer 24

trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 25

longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum separates the…

Answer 25

two cerebral hemispheres

Question 26

net-like region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to maintain consciousness

Answer 26

reticular formation

Question 27

excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 27

epinephrine

Question 28

parts of the brainstem associated with breathing

Answer 28

pons and medulla

Question 29

white matter is white because of...

Answer 29

lipids in myelin

Question 30

layer of meningeal tissue that is the innermost covering of the spinal cord

Answer 30

pia mater

Question 31

example of an indirect motor pathway

Answer 31

tectospinal

Question 32

_____carries sensory info from the face to the brain

Answer 32

trigeminothalamic

Question 33

____convey nerve impulses from proprioceptors in trunk & lower limb of one side of body to same side of cerebellum

Answer 33

anterior & posterior spinocerebellar

Question 34

____carries motor info from the brain to the face

Answer 34

corticobulbar

Question 35

____has a gracile fasciculus division and a cuneate fasciculus division

Answer 35

dorsal columns medial lemniscus

Question 36

____carries information about pain from the body to the brain

Answer 36

spinothalamic

Question 37

which is the only cranial nerve with a dermatome?

Answer 37

trigeminal (V)

Question 38

what happens when there is a lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic vesicles?

Answer 38

spastic paralysis

Question 39

what cranial nerve supplies motor senses to the tongue and helps with swallowing/speech?

Answer 39

hypoglossal

Question 40

Babinski’s sign in an adult is a sign of

Answer 40

interruption of corticospinal tract

Question 41

where does the conus medullaris end?

Answer 41

L1/L2

Question 42

motor tracts - direct

Answer 42

corticospinal (anterior & lateral) corticobulbar pathway

Question 43

motor tracts - indirect

Answer 43

rubrospinal tectospinal vestibulospinal reticulospinal (medial & lateral)

Question 44

what conducts impulses from somatic receptors to the brainstem or spinal cord?

Answer 44

first-order neurons

Question 45

what conducts impulses from the brainstem or spinal cord to the thalamus?

Answer 45

second-order neurons