midterm Flashcards
role of myelin
speeds the movement of an action potential down an axon
which structure conducts nerve impulses between two different hemispheres of the cerebrum
corpus callosum
functional areas of cerebrum responsible for vision
primary visual area
cranial nerve that carries sensory information coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of cerebrum (smell)
cranial nerve I (olfactory)
cranial nerves responsible for regulating visceral activity
vagus (X)
patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words), this shows that the left brain more often contains…
Brocas and Wernicke’s areas
tracts used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere
association tracts
the telencephalon differentiates to give rise to…
cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles
the limbic system is sometimes called the…
emotional brain
areas of the cerebrum responsible for conscious movements of the body
primary motor area
what provides motor signals and conscious control to skeletal mm
the somatic nervous system
what is true of a synapse
a synapse is the sight of where two neurons or a neuron and an effector meet
where does saltatory conduction occur
along a myelinated axon
during the depolarization phase of the action potential…
the membrane potential increases (higher than -70 mV)
neurotransmitters are eliminated from synaptic cleft by…
-broken down by enzymes
-diffuse out of cleft
-taken up by the presynaptic cell and removed
*all of the above
sensory information enters the ___, while motor information exits from the ___
posterior (dorsal) cord
anterior (ventral) cord
T/F - axons in the corticospinal pathway decussate at pyramids of the medulla
TRUE
oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI) nerves: related functions
they control muscles that move the eyeballs
structure that protects the spinal cord
spinal column
dura matter is continuous with the…
epineurium of a nerve
white matter in the spinal cord is on the ____, while gray matter is on the ____
outside
inside
the spinal cord ends at the…
conus medullaris
in a sensory pathway, the neuron that carries info from the thalamus to the cortex is known as the…
third-order neuron
cranial nerve that conveys impulses for most somatic sensations from the face into the pons
trigeminal nerve (V)
longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum separates the…
two cerebral hemispheres
net-like region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to maintain consciousness
reticular formation
excitatory neurotransmitter
epinephrine
parts of the brainstem associated with breathing
pons and medulla
white matter is white because of…
lipids in myelin
layer of meningeal tissue that is the innermost covering of the spinal cord
pia mater
example of an indirect motor pathway
tectospinal
_____carries sensory info from the face to the brain
trigeminothalamic
____convey nerve impulses from proprioceptors in trunk & lower limb of one side of body to same side of cerebellum
anterior & posterior spinocerebellar
____carries motor info from the brain to the face
corticobulbar
____has a gracile fasciculus division and a cuneate fasciculus division
dorsal columns medial lemniscus
____carries information about pain from the body to the brain
spinothalamic
which is the only cranial nerve with a dermatome?
trigeminal (V)
what happens when there is a lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic vesicles?
spastic paralysis
what cranial nerve supplies motor senses to the tongue and helps with swallowing/speech?
hypoglossal
Babinski’s sign in an adult is a sign of
interruption of corticospinal tract
where does the conus medullaris end?
L1/L2
motor tracts - direct
corticospinal (anterior & lateral)
corticobulbar pathway
motor tracts - indirect
rubrospinal
tectospinal
vestibulospinal
reticulospinal (medial & lateral)
what conducts impulses from somatic receptors to the brainstem or spinal cord?
first-order neurons
what conducts impulses from the brainstem or spinal cord to the thalamus?
second-order neurons
