Quiz 3

Question 1

Which of the following kinds of antigens can be recognized by B-cell receptors?

Answer 1

Can recognize a large variety of different molecules and structures such as protein, peptides, polysaccharides, and haptens

Question 2

Which of the following kinds of antigens can be recognized by T-cell receptors

Answer 2

Can only recognize peptides as antigens that are bound to MHC molecules (MHC 1 for CD8+ T-cells, or MHC 2 for CD4+ T-cells)

Question 3

Which of the following cell types secrete antibody

Answer 3

Only plasma cells secrete antibody. Memory B cells do not

Question 4

Which of the following cell types present antigens to naive CD8+ T-cells

Answer 4

only dendritic cells can present antigen on MHC 1 to naive CD8+ T-cells

Question 5

Legionella pneumophila is a pathogenic bacterium that is taken up into macrophages by phagocytosis. L. pneumophila blocks phagolysosome fusion and grows within the phagosome. Which of the following humoral and/or cellular effectors of the immune system would be most important for clearing L. pneumophila infections.

Answer 5

TH1 T cells and macrophages

Question 6

Following vaccination with MMR, which of these humoral and/or cellular effectors of the immune system would be most important for clearing the virus infection?

Answer 6

MMR contains three live viruses - intracellular-cytoplasmic pathogens. You would need a combination of neutralizing antibody (inactive extracellular virus) and antigen-specific CTLs (kill infected host cells that present viral antigen on MHC 1) to clear infection.

Question 7

S. aureus is an encapsulated, extracellular bacterial pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases. Which of the following humoral and/or cellular effectors of the immune system would be most important for clearing S. aureus infection?

Answer 7

Combination of opsonizing antibody (to defeat capsule) and phagocytes (mostly neutrophils) to clear infection

Question 8

Which of the following vaccines, are polysaccharide conjugates?

Answer 8

Both MCV4 and Hib are polysaccharide conjugate vaccines and PCV

Question 9

Why are conjugate vaccines needed in infants to confer immunity to encapsulated bacteria?

Answer 9

T-independent antibody responses are not fully developed in infants

Question 10

HIV infects CD4+ T-cells and ultimately kills them. Untreated HIV infection results in AIDS. Which of the falling immune system defects in AIDS patients is/are directly caused by the loss of CD4+ T-cells?

Answer 10

Any part of the immune system in which CD4+ T-cells are involved. TH1 required to activate macrophages. TH2 required for B cell activation and antibody production.

Question 11

Which of the following applications of epidemiology typically would be used to monitor ongoing immunization programs?

Answer 11

Ongoing monitored to ensure their effectiveness by tracking the incidence of the target disease in vaccinated populations and safety by tracking the occurrence of vaccine adverse events. EVALUATE CHANGE IN DISEASE INCIDENCE RESPONSE TO VACCINATION

Question 12

Which of the following statements is/are true of herd immunity/

Answer 12

horizontal transmission of a pathogen is blocked if, while they are shedding the pathogen, an infected host encounters only immune humans. As the number of immune humans increases, the change an infected person will come into contact with a non-immune host decreases.

Question 13

Which of the following statemtent is/are true of immunological memory?

Answer 13

carried by pools of memory B-cells and memory T-cells that specifically recognize the antigen. Memory B cells do not secrete antibody. Only plasma cells. Memory B cells stimulated to divide and differentiate into plasma cells that can produce igG high-avidity igG for the antigen.

Question 14

Which of the following vaccines, are recommended only for infants?

Answer 14

RV and Hib only for infants. Rotavirus and Haemophilus influenza invasive disease.

Question 15

Which of the following vaccines contain infectious (live) viruses?

Answer 15

MMR, varicella, rotavirus, zoster, Live attenuation influenza vaccine

Question 16

Which of the following cell types contribute to the maintenance of serum antibody levels after resolution of infection?

Answer 16

High levels of igG persist in serum after resolution, and these must be maintained by antibody-secreting cells called long-term producer B cells.

Question 17

For individuals against which of the following cell types of immune system deficiencies is vaccination against Neisseria meningitides recommended?

Answer 17

Those with immune system deficiencies that don’t compromise the humoral response. Recommended for those who have hereditary deficiencies in terminal complement components as well as those who lack a functioning spleen.

Question 18

Why does the number of microbes present in the body keep increasing during the early phase of typical adaptive immune response?

Answer 18

because the innate immune system has filed to control the infection and the humoral and cell-mediated effectors of the adaptive immune system have not yet been produced in sufficient numbers.

Question 19

Which of the following vaccines are contraindicated for pregnant women?

Answer 19

pregnancy causes mild immunosupression, vaccines containing infectious virus should not be administered. MMR, varicella, rotavirus, zoster, Live attenuation influenza vaccine

Question 20

HPV-18 is sexually transmitted and can establish persistent infections of mucosal epithelia. Following vaccination, which of the following humoral and/or cellular effectors of the immune system would be most important for protecting against future HPV-18 infections?

Answer 20

For protecting mucosal epithelia, igA antibody is the most important adaptive immune system component.

Question 21

Against which of the following vaccine preventable diseases is/are the U.S general public immunized routinely?

Answer 21

TdAp (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis), (MMR), Hep A, B, Varicella-Zoster. HiB, HPV, Polio, Pneumonicoccol, Meningicoccol, Flu, RV
Holy Hell Paige Patton Mother FuckeR

Question 22

Which of the following are features of the immune response to a secondary antigenic challenge?

Answer 22

results in the stimulation of memory B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibody. IgG produced immediately because activated B cells already undergone isotype switching and somatic hypermutation. Antigen specific memory T cells also reactivated.

Question 23

Which of the following are components of subunit vaccines?

Answer 23

comprised of purified pathogen proteins mixed with an adjuvant that provides the danger signal required to stimulate a protective immune response.

Question 24

What class(es) of antibody can be produced without T-cell help?

Answer 24

Tis can activate B cells without T-cell help to produce differentiate into plasma cells which will produce IgM. B cells can switch from (IgM to IgG) WITH T-CELL HELP!

Question 25

Which of the following diseases is the Tdap vaccine intended to prevent?

Answer 25

Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertusis.