Quiz 2

Question 1

Which of the following are cell-mediated effectors of the adaptive immune system?

Answer 1

TH1 T-cell, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL)

Question 2

Which of the following statements is/are true of the adaptive immune system in humans?

Answer 2

• recognize a very large number of distinct molecules and structure
• Individual lymphocyte has unique antigen specificity and clonal expansion
• cannot be mounted immediately
• include cells that specialize in killing host cells (CTLs)
• include effector cells and molecules that kill microbes directly are taken from the innate system (complement, phagocytes)

(responds more vigorously upon a second encounter with a specific pathogen)
(Takes time to respond to a pathogen because clonal expansion must occur)

Question 3

Which of the following are beneficial effects of local, short-term inflammation?

Answer 3

• egress of immune system effector molecules
• drainage of tissue fluid into lymph ducts (increased)
• blood clotting in local capillaries will help to reduce the likelihood than an invading microbe will disseminate systematically
• promoting the repair of repaired or injured tissue

Question 4

Which of the following are effector functions of complement small fragments?

Answer 4

• pro-inflammatory activity

- attract neutrophils

Question 5

Which of the following myeloid cell types are granulocytes?

Answer 5

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 6

Which of the following strategies is/are used by Coxiella burnetti, the causative agent of Q fever, to prevent it from being killed after uptake into host cells by phagocytosis?

Answer 6

Coxiella burnetti is able to resist the effect of the toxic products and enzymes present within the phagolysosome

Question 7

Which of the following strategies is/are used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, to prevent it from being killed after uptake into host cells by phagocytosis?

Answer 7

-inhibits fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes

inhibits formation of phagolysosome

Question 8

Which of the following strategies is/are used by Ricketsia rickettii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain fever, to prevent it from being killing after uptake into host cells by phagocytosis?

Answer 8

secretes a phospholipase to degrade the phagosome membrane before it has a chance to fuse with any lysosomes, and the bacterium escapes into the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Which of the following humoral and/or cellular effectors of the innate immune system contribute most to the control of infections caused by extracellular bacteria?

Answer 9

Complement

Neutrophils

Question 10

Which of the following humoral and/or cellular effectors of the innate immune system contribute most to the control of infections caused by viruses?

Answer 10

Natural killer cells

a/b-interferons

Question 11

Which of the following are humoral effectors of the innate immune system?

Answer 11

complement

Question 12

Which of the following statements is/are true of the innate immune system in humans?

Answer 12

• recognizes only a small number of molecules and structures
• representative of broad classes of pathogens
• preformed components that a re mass produced
• respond with full intensity immediately upon encountering any pathogen
• system killing mechanisms can be directed not only against microbes (phagocytes, complement), but also against infected host cells (NK cells)
• Humoral=complement
• cell mediated= phagocytes, NK cells

Question 13

Which of the following cell types are leukocytes?

Answer 13

Monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils

cells that routinely circulate in the blood, with the exception of erythrocytes and megakarocytes

Question 14

Which of the following events occur during a local inflammatory response?

Answer 14

dilation of blood vessel and increased vascular permeability

Question 15

Which of the following cell types of the lymphoid lineage is phagocytic?

Answer 15

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Question 16

Which of the following are effector functions of macrophages?

Answer 16

• phagocytosis and digestion of cellular pathogens and debris
• release pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF)
• release of chemokines to attract neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and lymphocytes to sites of infection
• lymphocyte to sites of infection
• activate natural killer cells
• presentation of antigens to TH1 cells

Question 17

Macrophages are a differentiated form of which of the following types of cells?

Answer 17

monocytes

Question 18

Which of the following molecules can act as opsonins?

Answer 18

acute phase proteins
complement large fragments
antibody

Question 19

Which of the following behaviors may be induced in innate immune system cells upon detection of pathogen-specific molecules or structures?

Answer 19

complement activation
phagocytosis
chemotaxis
cytokine secretion

Question 20

Which of the following do the mechanisms of cell killing used by phagocytes and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes have in common?

Answer 20

Both use enzymes contained within lysosomal granules

Question 21

Which of the following types of bacterial molecules are made from scratch in the phagolysosome of macrophages?

Answer 21

Molecules that have very high chemical reactivity

Toxic oxygen species
toxic nitrogen oxides

Question 22

Which of the following signs and symptoms of localized inflammation are caused by increased vascular permeability?

Answer 22

swelling and pain

Question 23

Which of the following signs and symptoms of localized inflammations are caused by vasodilation?

Answer 23

redness and heat

Question 24

Tumor necrosis factor alpha has which of the following functions?

Answer 24

-activated endothelial cells and causes increased vascular permeability

Question 25

a/b-interferons have which of the following functions?

Answer 25

direct antiviral effects