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BIO 2270/1 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Risk Group 2 organisms handled in Selective/differential media lab

A

Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris

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2
Q

Proteus mirabilis characteristics

A

cream-colored smooth cultures, swarming
found in human intestines, water, soil
known to cause conjunctivitis, cellulitis, UTIs, pyelonephritis, respiratory infections

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3
Q

Proteus vulgaris characteristics

A

cream-colored smooth cultures
swarms but not as much as P. mirabilis
found in human intestines, water, soil
known to cause conjunctivitis, UTIs, and bloodstream and respiratory infections

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4
Q

Factors that make media selective

A

presence of toxic or inhibitory substances like salts, acid, base, chemical(crystal violet or methylene blue, antibiotics

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5
Q

purpose of selective Phenyl ethyl alcohol agar

A

isolate streptococci and staphylococci
selects for gram-positive

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6
Q

how does PEA agar select for gram-positive

A

phenyl ethyl alcohol inhibits DNA synthesis in gram-negative bacteria

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7
Q

what media can grow anaerobic gram-positive bacteria if 5% sheep’s blood is added?

A

phenyl ethyl alcohol agar

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8
Q

what does mannitol salt agar select for and how

A

selects for halotolerant species like Staphylococcus by high concentrations of salt

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9
Q

how does mannitol salt agar differentiate

A

on the basis of the ability to ferment mannitol
pathogenic species will ferment it and they will turn the pH indicator yellow

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10
Q

results of S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli on MSA

A

S. saprophyticus turns yellow on this agar, S. epidermidis does not, E. coli does not grow

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11
Q

results of S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis, and P. mirabilis on PEA agar

A

S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis grow but P. mirabilis does not

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12
Q

for what and how does MacConkey agar select

A

isolate and differentiate the family Enterobacteriaceae
selects for gram-negative by inhibiting gram-positive cells with bile salts and crystal violet

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13
Q

how does MacConkey Agar differentiate

A

whether the organism can ferment lactose to acid
red indicates a lactose fermentor

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14
Q

results of E. coli DH5, P. vulgaris, and S. epidermidis on MacConkey Agar

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis cannot grow, Proteus vulgaris grows in a colorless colony, and Escherichia coli has a red color

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15
Q

Eosin Methylene Blue purpose and selectivity

A

isolate fecal coliforms
selects for gram-negative, pos. are inhibited by methylene blue

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16
Q

differentiation of EMB agar

A

eosin changes color based on fermentation of lactose and sucrose
green metallic sheen: coliforms present
pink: slow fermenters
colorless: non-fermenters

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17
Q

results of E. coli DH5, S. marcescens, and S. epidermidis on EMB agar

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis can’t grow
Serratia marcescens is pink
Escherichia coli DH5 is green

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18
Q

Hektoen agar purpose

A

isolate Shigella and Salmonella species from other enterics

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19
Q

Hektoen agar selects for what and how

A

selects for gram-negative
positive inhibited by bile salts

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20
Q

differentiation methods of HE agar

A

enterics other than Salmonella and Shigella will ferment lactose, sucrose, and salicin and produce yellow to pink colonies
Shigella, bacteria that ferment nothing, will have green/blue colonies
Salmonella, a species that reduces sodium thiosulfate to H2S, will produce black ppt

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21
Q

dyes used in HE agar

A

bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin indicate the fermentation of sugars

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22
Q

results of C. freundii, E. coli DH5, and S. epidermidis on HE agar

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis can’t grow
Citrobacter freundii turns blue/green
Escherichia coli DH5 turns yellow

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23
Q

Biosafety cabinet function

A

Recycle 70% of airflow through HEPA filters back into the workspace and 30% exhausted through more filters to prevent contamination by aerosols

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24
Q

Aspergillus niger group, hyphae type, and sexual/asexual spores

A

Deuteromycetes
Septate
No sexual spores
Conidia asexual spores

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25
Q

Penicillium notatum group, hyphae type, and sexual/asexual spores

A

Deuteromycetes
Septate
No sexual spores
Conidia asexual spores

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26
Q

Rhizopus stolonifer group, hyphae type, and sexual/asexual spores

A

Zygomycetes
Coenocytic and non-septate
Zygospores
Conidia asexual spores

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27
Q

yeasts and molds belong to what kingdom

A

Kingdom Fungi

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28
Q

study of fungi

A

Mycology

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29
Q

are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic

A

eukaryotic

30
Q

cell walls of fungi

A

made of chitin or other polysaccharides

31
Q

motility and photosyntheticity of fungi

A

non motile and non photosynthetic

32
Q

saprophytic meaning

A

decompose dead organic matter

33
Q

heterotrophic

A

produce exoenzymes that digest nutrients in the environment that are then able to enter the cell

34
Q

mycelium vs hyphae

A

mycelium is the large mesh of mold seen macroscopically
hyphae are the microscopic filaments that may or may not have walls

35
Q

sporulation in molds

A

sexual reproduction method; sporangium produce single-celled reproductive spores similar to seeds

36
Q

pseudohyphae

A

multicellular structures in yeasts as a result of budding

37
Q

budding in yeasts

A

asexual reproduction in which smaller outgrowth buds from the parent cell, may or may not stay attached

38
Q

Aspergillus niger characteristics

A

common mold indoors and outdoors
not known to cause disease except in people with weakened immune systems (allergic rxn, lung/sinus infection)
Aspergillosis is an infection caused by it

39
Q

Penicillium notatum characteristics

A

antibiotic penicillin derived from this
common mold found in damp areas, spoiling food (bread, cheese, etc)
can cause allergic rxns or disease from toxins in certain species of Penicillium

40
Q

Rhizopus stolonifer characteristics

A

one of the most common molds
spoiling foods, indoor plants, decaying material
some species of Rhizopus cause disease, some are used in industry to produce lactic acid, cortisone, biotin, and alcoholic fermentation

41
Q

Saccharomyces cerevisiae characteristics

A

yeast found on food such as grapes
used in industry to produce bread and alcohol

42
Q

Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar

A

1% peptone, 4% glucose, 2% agar
pH of 5.6 inhibits bacterial growth and allows for molds to grow

43
Q

appearance of A. niger on SDA plate

A

dark brown fuzzy growth

44
Q

appearance of P. notatum on SDA plate

A

green/teal bubbly growth

45
Q

appearance of R. stolonifer on SDA plate

A

white fuzz with dark spots

46
Q

slide-mold culture method benefits

A

allows conidiophores and other small structures to grow on horizontal plane, easier to see
no destruction of structures during transfer process

47
Q

appearance of A. niger under a microscope

A

dandelion/squid appearance from radial heads

48
Q

appearance of P. notatum under a microscope

A

dark purple spots and lines like squid on a light purple backdrop

49
Q

appearance of R. stolonifer under a microscope

A

dark blue dots connected by a light blue network of thin lines

50
Q

Saccharomyces cerevisiae appearance under phase contrast microscope

A

dark background with light circles, yeast budding visible

51
Q

direct measurement

A

dilute, plate and count microscopically

52
Q

indirect measurement

A

standard plate count and turbidity

53
Q

Dilution =

A

volume added/total volume

54
Q

Final Dilution =

A

product of all dilutions up until the one being counted

55
Q

original cell concentration =

A

colonies/(volume plated x FD)

56
Q

serological pipette

A

graduations to the tip
TC- blow out last drop
TD- don’t blow out last drop

57
Q

mohr pipette

A

not graduated to tip, expel to last graduation

58
Q

turbidity measurement

A

uses spectrophotometry to measure the concentration of live and dead bacteria.
certain conc. required for bacteria to cause disease

59
Q

increased transmittance in spectrophotometry means . . .

A

decreased absorbance and concentration

60
Q

turbidity measurement equation

A

Absorbance = 2 - log(%Transmittance)

61
Q

viruses are

A

small, non-cellular, intracellular parasites
infect prokaryotes and eukaryotes

62
Q

why can’t viruses be grown on normal media

A

they need a host to reproduce/replicate DNA

63
Q

viruses that infect bacteria

A

phages or bacteriophages
E. coli specific: coliphages

64
Q

lytic

A

virulent: virus enters cell, takes over, replicates, lyses cell for release

65
Q

lysogenic

A

temperate; virus enters cell, integrates DNA into host cell, cell replicates normally and virus genes are passed down

66
Q

plaque

A

zone of lysis in bacterial growth; 1 plaque = 1 virus

67
Q

microscope needed to view viruses

A

electron microscope

68
Q

VIU

A

viral infection unit; smallest unit that can affect the host

69
Q

Enrichment step of plaque assay

A

increases number of phage by combining with deca strength phage broth, sewage, and E. coli

70
Q

Filtration step of plaque assay

A

filter through 0.2um pore size in nalgene filtration apparatus

71
Q

Seeding step of plaque assay

A

filtrate added to soft nutrient agar to observe growth

BIO 2270/1 (8 decks)

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